Atomic resolution structures of the methane-activating enzyme in anaerobic methanotrophy reveal extensive post-translational modifications.

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are crucial to planetary carbon cycling. They oxidise methane in anoxic niches by transferring electrons to nitrate, metal oxides, or sulfate-reducing bacteria. No ANMEs have been isolated, hampering the biochemical investigation of anaerobic methane oxidation.

The smell of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) infection: Disease-induced changes in metabolites in urine and hemolymph of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus.

The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus is a social species in which individuals aggregate for protection during the day using chemicals in their urine as guiding cues. This behavior changes when animals are infected by Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), such that healthy animals avoid the urine of diseased conspecifics. The aim of this study was to identify the molecules responsible for this switch in aggregation behavior.

Hofmeister-Driven Ion Pairing in Monovalent Salts Directs Fibrinogen Nanofiber Assembly during Drying.

Fibrinogen nanofiber scaffolds hold promise for tissue engineering and wound healing due to their similarity to fibrin clots. We studied how alkaline salts (Na, K) influence fibrinogen precipitation during drying of highly saline dispersions. In situ roughness (Aq) monitoring revealed coprecipitation of salts and fibrinogen.

Arsenic bioaccumulation in fish of the lower meghna river: Seasonal dynamics, species sensitivity, and public health implications.

The Lower Meghna River (LMR), located in one of Bangladesh's most arsenic-contaminated regions, is essential for local fisheries and provides water for drinking, irrigation, and daily use. Consequently, this study investigates arsenic accumulation in ten edible, small indigenous species (SIS) of fish, considering their morphology, habitats, diets, and water and sediment conditions. Samples were analysed across three distinct river segments during three seasons.

The scaffold-level genome sequence of an encrusting sponge, Vacelet & Donadey, 1987, and its associated microbial metagenome sequences.

We present a scaffold-level genome assembly from a specimen (encrusting sponge; Porifera; Demospongiae; Chondrillida; Halisarcidae). The genome sequence is 195.70 megabases in span.

International Trends in Opioid Prescribing by Age and Sex from 2001 to 2019: An Observational Study Using Population-Based Databases from 18 Countries and One Special Administrative Region.

Objective: To characterize multinational trends and patterns of opioid analgesic prescribing by sex and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We studied opioid analgesic prescribing from 2001 to 2019 with common protocol using population-based databases from eighteen countries and one special administrative region.

Main Outcome Measures: We measured opioid prescribing by geographical region, sex and age, estimating annual prevalent, incident, and nonincident opioid prescribing per 100 population with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and meta-analyzed the multinational and regional opioid prescribing with a random-effects model.

Self-reported acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal intervention to reduce antibiotic prescriptions for urinary tract infections in primary care: a process evaluation of the RedAres trial among general practitioners and medical practice assistants.

Background: Urinary tract infections are common and lead to frequent and inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care. The RedAres randomized controlled trial has shown to reduce second-line antibiotic use for urinary tract infections through a multimodal intervention. It included guideline recommendations for general practitioners and patients (1), provision of regional data for antibiotic resistance (2), delivering personalized feedback based on the proportion of first- and second-line antibiotic prescriptions (3), and benchmarking with regional or supra-regional practices (4).

3D printing of composites of Martian regolith simulants and cyanobacterial biomass towards sustainable material production on Mars.

The long-term goal of establishing a sustained human presence on Mars requires the capacity to produce essential consumables on-site. To this end, we develop strategies for processing inorganic oxidic powders and biomass into highly particle-filled composites using direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing. Our approach relies on a simulant of a Martian regolith unit rich in hydrated clay minerals and food-grade spirulina, used as proxies for local regolith and cyanobacterial biomass, respectively.

Small net local temporal changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity across European temperate forests.

We face increasing concerns about how the local diversity of native plant communities responds to various drivers of global change, yet often lack comprehensive studies that integrate several components of diversity and the effects of both local and regional drivers of change. We analyzed changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across 2681 (semi-)permanent temperate forest understory plots surveyed and resurveyed for all vascular plants over intervals of 15-78 yr, spanning 72 regions distributed across Europe. We quantified temporal changes in these diversity indices and assessed their responses to changes in both local drivers (plot-level overstory cover, indicator values for soil nutrients) and regional shifts in macroclimate and nitrogen deposition.

Coupling antigorite deformation and dehydration in high-pressure experiments.

Unlabelled: The dehydration of antigorite is an important reaction in subduction zones with implications on both geochemical and geophysical processes. In this experimental study we focus on the onset of antigorite dehydration and investigate various chemical and physical parameters as possible drivers for the fluid release. We performed hydrostatic and co-axial Griggs experiments on antigorite serpentinites with variable chemical composition and microstructures at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions across the antigorite dehydration (1.

Circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4) concentrations and mortality in individuals with colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.

Human fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4), a protein elevated in obesity that promotes colon cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, may be associated with higher mortality in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) and may serve as a mediator of the obesity-mortality association in these individuals. We used a causal diagram to inform covariate selection and applied Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC-specific, non-CRC-specific, and all-cause mortality by FABP-4 levels measured in baseline blood samples from 1371 incident CRC cases from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Competing risk analyses were adapted for CRC and non-CRC deaths.

Coapplication of Adenine with Inosine or Guanosine Supports Rapid ATP Restoration by ATP-deprived Cultured Primary Astrocytes.

Astrocytes contain a high concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that enables these cells to perform their physiological functions in brain. To investigate the mechanisms involved in astrocytic ATP restoration, the ATP content of cultured primary rat astrocytes was first depleted by a preincubation with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 before extracellular substrates and their combinations were applied to foster ATP restoration. To test for the contribution of the purine salvage pathway to synthesize new adenosine monophosphate (AMP) for ATP restoration, several purine nucleosides and purine bases as well as their combinations were applied.

Redox conduction facilitates direct interspecies electron transport in anaerobic methanotrophic consortia.

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) form syntrophic partnerships in marine sediments to consume greenhouse gas methane. While direct interspecies electron transport is proposed to enable ANME/SRB symbiosis, its electrochemical properties remain uncharacterized. Here, using sediment-free enrichment cultures, we measured the electron transport capabilities of marine consortia under physiological conditions.

Influence of intensified upwelling on two different Corallina officinalis Linneo 1758 populations by exploring direct and indirect effects.

In the perspective of a future ocean, climate change can alter upwelling systems globally. Along the Chilean coast, upwelling becomes intensified, leading to cool temperatures and low pH, which can affect common and widespread calcifying seaweed species such as Corallina officinalis. We measured physiological, biomineralogical, and palatability responses in two distinct populations originating from contrasting upwelling regimes, one from an upwelling area and the other from an upwelling shadow, by exposing them to current and future upwelling conditions.

Optimizing Research Impact: A Toolkit for Stakeholder-Driven Prioritization of Systematic Review Topics.

Intro: The prioritization of topics for evidence synthesis is crucial for maximizing the relevance and impact of systematic reviews. This article introduces a comprehensive toolkit designed to facilitate a structured, multi-step framework for engaging a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the prioritization process, ensuring the selection of topics that are both relevant and applicable.

Methods: We detail an open-source framework comprising 11 coherent steps, segmented into scoping and Delphi stages, to offer a flexible and resource-efficient approach for stakeholder involvement in research priority setting.

Moderate heating renders 7.8-million-year-old sedimentary organic matter bioavailable.

Marine sediments are a large reservoir of recalcitrant organic matter and host microbes at subsurface depths exceeding 2.4 kilometers and temperatures up to 120°C, yet the mechanisms supplying bioavailable substrates remain unclear. Here, we investigated 7.

Imidazopyridine substituted cyclic selenonium(IV) salts as chalcogen bond catalysts.

We present imidazopyridine-substituted dicationic selenonium(IV) salts as a new class of highly tuneable organoselenium catalysts. These monodentate chalcogen bond donors were prepared through a mild oxidation-cyclization protocol, incorporating cationic heterocycles to enhance the σ-hole on selenium. The selenonium salts demonstrate high catalytic activities in Povarov cyclizations and in activating gold complexes, highlighting their potential in advanced catalytic applications.

Conspiracy beliefs predict perceptions of procedural justice.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people believing in political COVID-19 conspiracies likely perceived that the government executed power unfairly (i.e., low procedural justice), which might have contributed to the questioning of the government's legitimacy.

Magnetically induced convection enhances water electrolysis in microgravity.

Since the early days of space exploration, the efficient production of oxygen and hydrogen via water electrolysis has been a central task for regenerative life-support systems. Water electrolysers are, however, challenged by the near-absence of buoyancy in microgravity, resulting in hindered gas bubble detachment from electrodes and diminished electrolysis efficiencies. Here we show that a commercial neodymium magnet enhances water electrolysis with current density improvements of up to 240% in microgravity by exploiting the magnetic polarization of the electrolyte and the magnetohydrodynamic force.

Surveying marine biodiversity using eDNA metabarcoding of seawater and sediment in a high Arctic fjord during the polar night (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard).

The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden (KF), Svalbard, is directly affected by ongoing climate change in the Arctic. Shifts in species composition and distributions are already underway as a result of the transition from Arctic to Atlantic conditions in the fjord. The polar night is a period of challenging conditions and is historically understudied, and thus our understanding of the biodiversity of major eukaryotic groups is particularly limited at this time of year.

Transient oxygenation of the Mediterranean after the Zanclean megaflood.

The Mediterranean basin reconnected to the Atlantic Ocean ~5.33 Myr ago, following its partial desiccation during the preceding Messinian salinity crisis (5.97 to 5.