Development of an effective DNA vaccine against ayu atypical cellular gill disease using draft genome information of the causative agent, Plecoglossus altivelis poxvirus.

Atypical cellular gill disease (ACGD) in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) caused by P. altivelis poxvirus (PaPV) infection has led to significant economic losses in Japanese aquaculture. The propagation of PaPV has not yet been successfully achieved in cultured cells.

The smell of Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) infection: Disease-induced changes in metabolites in urine and hemolymph of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus.

The Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus is a social species in which individuals aggregate for protection during the day using chemicals in their urine as guiding cues. This behavior changes when animals are infected by Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), such that healthy animals avoid the urine of diseased conspecifics. The aim of this study was to identify the molecules responsible for this switch in aggregation behavior.

Changes in Enantiomeric Distribution of δ- and γ-Lactones in Wagyu Beef Fat during Heating.

The enantiomeric distribution of the δ- and γ-lactones in Wagyu beef was determined using solvent extraction and gas chromatography with a chiral capillary column. The results revealed that the predominant lactones in Wagyu were (R)-δ-tetradecalactone and (R)-δ-hexadecalactone. The concentrations of several lactone types were higher after heat treatment.

Encapsulation of polyphenol rich extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel for application as dual functional ingredient in ice cream.

This study fabricated and applied spray-dried microcapsules of polyphenol-rich crude extract from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel. The influence of encapsulant composition based on maltodextrin, rice starch, and polysaccharide gums on microcapsule physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and antioxidant activity were investigated.

[Evaluation of Decontamination Methods using Peracetic Acid for Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli on the Surface of Beef Sub-primal Cuts].

Peracetic acid formulation has received much attention in recent years as a surface disinfectant for beef. There are many reports on the bactericidal effect of peracetic acid formulation on beef surfaces. However, the application method of peracetic acid formulation aiming at the complete removal of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from the surface of sub-primal cuts has not been evaluated.

Pollution, degradation, and risk assessment of microplastic (> 30 μm) in subsurface (5 m) seawaters along Tokyo-Bangkok shipping route.

In this study, environmental microplastic samples (>30 μm) were collected from subsurface seawater (5 m depth) along a major Asia-Pacific shipping route from Tokyo to Bangkok. The samples were characterized, ecological risk was assessed, and results were also compared with surface water samples. The results showed spatial variation in microplastic concentrations along the route, with the highest concentration (5904 pieces/m) observed in the South China Sea and the lowest concentration (3272 pieces/m) in the offshore Tokai region.

Latitudinal biodiversity of surface eukaryotic plankton across oceanic fronts in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

The marine latitudinal diversity gradient represents a fundamental pattern of large-scale biodiversity variation extending from the poles to the tropics. However, our understanding of the biodiversity in the seasonal ice zone of the Southern Ocean remains limited. In this study, we investigated the surface eukaryotic community structure from the subtropical zone (STZ) to the summer ice-edge zone along the 110°E transect in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

Machine Learning-Aided Meta-Analysis Reveals Changes in Penaeus vannamei Gut Bacterial Communities Upon Dietary Supplementation-Induced Immunostimulation.

Gut bacterial communities play a key role in shrimp health; thus, their modulation has been a target of dietary supplements which also function in enhancing disease and stress resistance of shrimp. However, this also raised the question of whether immunostimulants yield distinct changes in the gut bacterial composition or whether there are consistent features across all treatments. Here, we performed a machine learning-aided meta-analysis of 16S rRNA gut bacterial community studies of immunostimulants for Penaeus vannamei.

Catabolism and Accumulation of Dietary - and -Epoxy Octadecanoic Acids in Mice.

metabolism of epoxy fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acid oxidation products formed upon heating of edible oils, remains unclear. Here, we compared the catabolic rates and accumulation of dietary and epoxy octadecanoic acids (epoxy-C18:0) with those of oleic acid (C18:1) in mice using stable isotope-labeled compounds. Both epoxy isomers were catabolized more rapidly than C18:1, with epoxy-C18:0 exhibiting a slightly faster rate than epoxy-C18:0.

Functional characterization of colony-stimulating factors in cytokine modulation and phagocytic cell activation in Japanese flounder.

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), including macrophage CSF (MCSF) and granulocyte CSF (GCSF), play central roles in the regulation and activation of phagocytic cells in vertebrates. However, their functions and regulatory mechanisms in teleosts remain partially understood. In this study, the functional characteristics of MCSF and GCSF were analyzed in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to examine their tissue distribution, evolutionary relationships, and immunoregulatory roles in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs).

Goldfish regenerated scale culture at low temperatures improves osteoblast and osteoclast survival in scales without loss of the osteoblast and osteoclast response to changes in gravity.

Biological samples that can be stored for long periods are desirable for experiments in space because of the potential for postponement of space vehicle launches. In this study, we determined whether culturing goldfish scales at lower temperatures increased survival of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the scales without affecting their biological activities. After one-week storage of regenerated goldfish scales at 4 °C, both alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (active type of osteoclasts) were detectable.

Comparative Genomics of Edwardsiella piscicida in the Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Discovery and Implications of a Novel Genomic Island.

Edwardsiella piscicida is a significant pathogen that poses a particular threat to Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture in Japan and other countries. The damage is caused by the pathogen's ability to evade host immune defences and establish intracellular infections, intensified by its genomic plasticity and capacity for horizontal gene transfer. To investigate evolutionary adaptations between one older (2019) and four recent (2023) E.

Relationship between the Particle Size and the Oxidative Stability of Aqueous Emulsion Prepared from Triacylglycerol Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid.

The oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) generally decreases with increasing unsaturation, however, the opposite results have been reported for aqueous emulsions prepared from PUFA. One study showed that among PUFA (fish oil) emulsions with varying μm-sized particles, the smaller emulsions had better oxidation stability. Thus, particle size may be involved in the mechanism behind the improved oxidative stability of PUFA by emulsification, and PUFA emulsions with even smaller particle sizes (i.

Effects of roasted burdock root tea drink on plasma liver injury indices and faecal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to clarify the effects of the roasted burdock root tea (BT) drink on gut microbiota. BT (5%), inulin (INU) (1.1%), or chlorogenic acid (CGA) (0.

Submesoscale Eddy induced nitrate upwelling and effect on biological production in the upstream Kuroshio Current.

While the Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific, transports a large amount of nutrients in dark subsurface layers, it remains elusive whether and how these subsurface nutrients are supplied to continental shelves along southern coast of Japan. Recent observations revealed that the upstream Kuroshio flowing through rough topography forms a large-scale turbulence hotspot that may supply nutrients to sunlit surface layers. However, the Kuroshio-Island interaction in this region may also induce eddies and nutrient upwelling which have neither been observed directly nor quantified.

Co-Infection of Fungi and Bacteria in the Gills of Kuruma Shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) Afflicted by Fusarium Disease.

Fusarium disease is an infectious condition that occurs in the cultivation of kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus), primarily presenting as lesions in the gills. These lesions contain proteolytic enzymes of likely bacterial origin. This is the first study to demonstrate fungal-bacterial mixed infection in gill lesions of Fusarium-infected kuruma shrimp.

Classification of sounds from Pacific white-sided dolphins using a convolutional neural network and a method to reduce false-positive detections.

An automatic detector for identifying the clicks and pulsed calls of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was developed using a convolutional neural network architecture for passive acoustic monitoring, particularly in the areas surrounding the Mutsu and Funka Bays in Japan. Recordings were made at one site in each bay during the spring and early summer in both 2022 and 2023. The data exhibited different soundscapes, as broadband pulses, possibly attributed to snapping shrimp, were found far more frequently in Mutsu Bay than in Funka Bay.

Brominated bitter compounds from the skin tubercle gland of the stonefish Synanceia verrucosa.

The skin tubercle gland of the stonefish Synanceia verrucosa secretes "ichthyocrinotoxin." Ichthyocrinotoxins have been suggested to act as antifeedants against predators and as anthelmintics against parasites. Three novel compounds, synanceins A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from S.

Hatcheries to High Seas: Climate Change Connections to Salmon Marine Survival.

We investigated variations in the marine survival of Japanese hatchery chum salmon () during 25 years of climate change (1998-2023). Japan is the world's largest producer of hatchery salmon and is located near the global southern distribution limit of chum salmon. Our goal was to identify local- and context-specific metrics related to the observed coastwide decline in salmon marine survival over the past 2 decades.

Enhancing Pacific white shrimp immunity against through β-glucan supplementation from marine diatoms.

Background And Aim: Pacific white shrimp () is a principal species in global aquaculture. However, outbreaks of , the etiological agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), cause substantial economic losses. β-glucans derived from marine diatoms, (CH) and (TH), have shown potential as immunostimulants to enhance shrimp resistance to pathogenic infections.

Effect of Peracetic Acid Formulation on Hygiene Indicator Bacteria in Cut Salads.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of peracetic acid formulation (PAA) in the cut salads as a model food with different treatment conditions and observed their effect on the shelf life. This study revealed that at 80 ppm PAA, the standard for use on vegetables, showed a temporary and weak bactericidal effect. Additionally, there was no improvement in the shelf life of the cut salad.

Discovery of sexual dimorphism of the laryngeal sac in the common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata.

Mysticetes, or baleen whales, have an air sac on the ventral surface of the larynx known as the "laryngeal sac." The primary hypothesis regarding this structure's function is that it is involved in sound production. However, several other functions have been proposed, including air recycling, air storage, and even buoyancy control.

Aggregation Behaviour as an Adaptive Reproductive Strategy in a Marine Ecosystem Engineer.

Aggregation behaviour is a key process shared by numerous organisms, providing benefits such as predator protection, resistance to abiotic stressors and enhancing reproductive success. In coastal waters, mussel aggregations shape ecosystems and increase biodiversity; however, many aspects of this ecologically key behaviour remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential link between aggregation rate and reproductive maturity stages in the blue mussel over a seasonal cycle.

sp. nov., a new antibiotic-producing actinomycete isolated from marine sediment.

An actinomycete strain that produces a new antibiotic haneummycin, designated KM77-8, was isolated from marine sediment collected from Tokyo Bay near Haneda Airport, Japan. This strain was phylogenetically related to NBRC 12807, with the highest similarity (99.65%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Selective Manganese Precipitation via Neutralization and Ozone Oxidation under pH Conditions Similar to Steel Pickling Wastewater: Thermodynamic Assessment and Experimental XANES Evaluation.

Steel pickling wastewater contains valuable iron. Nonetheless, coexisting elements such as Mn need to be separated before Fe recovery. This work studies Mn precipitation phenomena under a pH resembling steel pickling wastewater and compares it to that of Fe under the same conditions.