The distribution and driving climatic factors of agricultural drought in China: Past and future perspectives.

Drought is a complex issue influenced by diverse variables, especially for agricultural drought. This makes the monitoring of agricultural drought and investigating its driving factors challenging tasks. Soil moisture is a direct indicator for monitoring agricultural drought, however, its observations are limited in spatial and temporal resolutions.

Joint event extraction model based on dynamic attention matching and graph attention networks.

Event extraction is one of the important processes in event knowledge graph construction. However, extant event extraction models are confronted with the challenge of handling vague and unfamiliar event trigger words as well as noise that is prevalent in text. To address this issue, this study proposes a joint event extraction model that leverages dynamic attention matching and graph attention network.

Interdecadal modulation of Ningaloo Niño/Niña strength in the Southeast Indian Ocean by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

The Southeast Indian Ocean is a global hotspot for marine heatwaves. In that region, marine heatwaves/cold-spells are known as Ningaloo Niño/Niña events, and have substantial impacts on regional climate anomalies and unique marine ecosystems. However, the strength of Ningaloo Niño/Niña events is nonstationary and varies considerably at multidecadal timescales.

Ion Substitution-Induced Distorted MOF Lattice with Deviated Energy and Dielectric Properties for Quasi-Solid-State Ion Conductor.

Solid-state electrolytes are currently receiving increasing interest due to their high mechanical strength and chemical stability for safe battery construction. However, their poor ion conduction and unclear conduction mechanism need further improvement and exploration. This study focuses on a hybrid solid-state electrolyte containing MOF-based scaffolds, using metal salts as the conductor.

Mapping Heat Vulnerability and Heat Risk for Neighborhood Health Risk Management in Urban Environment? Challenges and Opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: Heat vulnerability mapping (or heat risk mapping) is commonly used as a cost-effective tool to assess neighborhood health burdens for policy development and implementations. Some local governments have adopted this strategy to develop community action plans to cope with an increasing threat from heat exposure. However, various data/methods for mapping have yielded inconsistent results.

Enhanced Removal of Cu and Pb Ions from Wastewater via a Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Platform with MnO/N-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite Electrodes.

Integrating MnO with carbon is a reliable strategy to improve capacitive deionization (CDI) performance by leveraging the unique properties of both components (i.e., MnO and carbon).

Intelligent anti-jamming decision algorithm for wireless communication under limited channel state information conditions.

Deep reinforcement learning has been widely applied to solve the anti-jamming problems in wireless communications, achieving good results. However, most research assumes that the communication system can obtain complete Channel State Information (CSI). Under limited CSI conditions, this paper models the system using Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs).

Urban groundwater supplies facing dual pressures of depletion and contamination in China.

Groundwater is essential to urban water supplies throughout the world, but we do not understand how quantity and quality issues may jeopardize the ability of cities to meet their water needs. Here, we present a national analysis of both quantity and quality challenges facing China's urban groundwater supply security, using high-resolution groundwater depletion modeling and a recently compiled dataset detailing quality violations in drinking groundwater sources. We estimate that 180 cities (about half of the prefecture-level-and-above cities), accounting for 311 million urban residents, face at least one groundwater pressure between 2016 and 2021.

Architecture Knowledge Distillation for Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Network.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are effective for image generation, but their unstable training limits broader applications. Additionally, neural architecture search (NAS) for GANs with one-shot models often leads to insufficient subnet training, where subnets inherit weights from a supernet without proper optimization, further degrading performance. To address both issues, we propose Architecture Knowledge Distillation for Evolutionary GAN (AKD-EGAN).

[Photochemical Causes of Localized Ozone Pollution under Static and Stable Weather in Nanjing Area].

Based on the observational data of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, conventional air pollutants, and ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data at three sites, namely, Caochangmen （CCM）, Pukou （PK）, and Xianlin University Town （XL）, in Nanjing from 2015 to 2021, the ozone generation and depletion mechanisms in ozone-polluted days under stable weather conditions were investigated using the observation-based model （OBM-MCM）. The results showed that ① Significant year-by-year differences exist in the frequency of stable weather on ozone-polluted days for the three sites. The maximum number of stable days occurred in 2019, with 46 d （66.

[Characteristics of Water-soluble Ions in Atmospheric Particulates in Farmland in the Suburb of Nanjing].

Water-soluble ions are an important component of atmospheric particles. However, there has been limited research on water-soluble inorganic ions in atmospheric particulates in agricultural areas until now. In this study, the characteristics of eight water-soluble inorganic ions （Na, NH, K, Mg, Ca, NO, SO, and Cl） in different sizes of atmospheric particulates （>9.

Carbon quantum dots as efficient cocatalysts in Fenton-like processes: Preparation optimization and mechanistic insights.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are promising cocatalysts in Fenton-like technologies, leveraging hydrogen peroxide and boosting Fe generation and thereby expediting the advanced oxidation process. Although several studies have shown that the preparation affects the cocatalytic performance of the resulting CQDs, the precise correlation between the preparation and the cocatalytic efficiency is unclear. Here, we combine the batch experiments with the theoretical calculations to systematically explore how the parameters in electrochemical exfoliation preparation affect the cocatalytic performance of the as-prepared CQDs.

Advances in the Catalytic Mechanism of Metal Oxides for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the promising next-generation energy storage/conversion devices, considering their high energy density and low cost. However, the shuttle of polysulfides hinders the practical application of Li-S batteries, which leads to reduced cycling stability. Although chemical adsorption strategies have made significant progress in improving the cycling stability of Li-S batteries, the poor catalytic conversion ability of the polysulfide host results in an imbalance between chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion.

Tripling of MJO residence time over the rapidly warming Indian Ocean during summer monsoon.

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of intraseasonal tropical atmospheric variability with far-reaching influences on global weather systems. During boreal winter, the MJO typically exhibits regular eastward propagation, whereas in summer, it displays more complex propagation characteristics, such as frequent stalling over the Indian Ocean. Here we show a threefold increase in the MJO residence time over the Indian Ocean during the Asian summer monsoon in recent four decades.

Stimulation of Microcystis aeruginosa by subtoxic concentrations of contaminants: A meta-analysis.

There is growing evidence for hormetic stimulation of Microcystis aeruginosa, a harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming cyanobacterium, by subtoxic contaminant concentrations. Hence, the first meta-analysis of approximately 4000 dose responses was conducted to evaluate the underlying biological mechanisms, identify variation determinants, and reveal potential implications for algaecides effectiveness. Approximately 30 chemical contaminants caused significant stimulation (95% CI: 72-153%), which persisted in mixtures, regardless the level of mixture complexity.

Careful attention to the eco-toxicity and secondary water pollution of the degradation by-products.

Most of studies have mainly paid attention to the removal efficiency of a water treatment technology, while often overlooking the environmental and ecological toxicity. However, are water treatment technologies really environmental-/eco-friendly? If the as-generated chemicals are more toxic, it may lead to more severe secondary pollution. In this work, two novel integrated systems of Vis/CuO/HO (visible light-excited HO activation) and Vis/CuO/PS (visible light-excited persulfate (PS, NaSO activation) were designed and investigated fully, in which rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as the representative organic wastewater pollutant to assure the technology feasibility, although it has been studied widely.

Engineering the next generation of MXenes: challenges and strategies for scalable production and enhanced performance.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as MXenes, have garnered significant attention due to their excellent properties, including electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. These properties make them promising candidates for energy storage and catalysis applications. However, several challenges impede their large-scale production and industrial application.

Identification and Evaluation of Hub Long Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs in PM2.5-Induced Lung Cell Injury.

Exposure to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is closely linked to various adverse health effects, particularly in the respiratory system. The present study was designed to investigate the lncRNA-mRNA interactions in PM2.

Urease-catalyzed microbial and enzymatic carbonate precipitation for eco-friendly heavy metal remediation.

Heavy metal contamination significantly threatens environmental and public health, necessitating effective and sustainable remediation technologies. This review explores two innovative bioremediation techniques: microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP). Both techniques show promise for immobilizing heavy metals in laboratory and field settings.

International digital trade and synergetic control of pollution and carbon emissions: Theory and evidence based on a nonlinear framework.

Amid the urgent global demand for emission reduction and climate change mitigation, the potential of digital trade (DTR) to synergetic control of pollution and carbon emissions (SCPCE) merits in-depth exploration. The study uses panel data from 93 countries between 2009 and 2021 and a nonlinear model to empirically analyze the impact of DTR on SCPCE. The results reveal a U-shaped relationship between DTR and SCPCE, indicating an initial suppressive effect followed by a subsequent positive impact.

Prediction of molecular subtypes for endometrial cancer based on hierarchical foundation model.

Motivation: Endometrial cancer is a prevalent gynecological malignancy that requires accurate identification of its molecular subtypes for effective diagnosis and treatment. Four molecular subtypes with different clinical outcomes have been identified: POLE mutation, mismatch repair deficient, p53 abnormal, and no specific molecular profile. However, determining these subtypes typically relies on expensive gene sequencing.

Multifunctional Hydrogel Electronics for Synergistic Therapy and Visual Monitoring in Wound Healing.

To overcome the limitations of precise monitoring and inefficient wound exudate management in wound healing, an advanced multifunctional hydrogel electronics (MHE) platform based on MXene@MOF/FeO@C photonic crystal hydrogel is developed. This platform combines optical/electrical sensing, synergistic therapy, and real-time visual monitoring into a single, efficient system, offering a comprehensive solution for wound healing. Under photothermal stimulation, the hydrogel releases metal ions that generate hydroxyl radicals, effectively eliminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Characterization of a serine protease homolog from Macrobrachium nipponense and its involvement in AMP synthesis and proPO activation.

Serine protease homolog (SPH) with a clip domain is crucial for activating prophenoloxidase. In this study, we isolated and characterized an SPH gene from Macrobrachium nipponense, designated as MnSPH. The full-length cDNA sequence of MnSPH was 1709 bp, including an open reading frame of 1383 bp that encoded 460 amino acids.

Investigating the effects of local climate zones on land surface temperature using spectral indices via linear regression model: a seasonal study of Sapanca Lake.

The formation of urban heat islands is a widespread issue in cities. However, the impact of spectral indices on land surface temperature (LST) with various urban forms, climates, and functions has not been sufficiently examined. Currently, the prevalent method for analyzing complex urban areas is the classification of local climate zones (LCZs).