A First-Principles Modeling of the Elastic Properties and Generalized Stacking Fault Energy of Ir-W Solid Solution Alloys.

Iridium, with its excellent high-temperature chemical inertness, is a preferred cladding material for radioisotope batteries. However, its inherent room-temperature brittleness severely restricts its application. In this research, pure Ir and six Ir-W solid solutions (IrW to IrW) were modeled.

Effects of Ti Substitution by Zr on Microstructure and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Laves Phase AB-Type Alloy.

In order to improve the hydrogen storage properties of Laves phase AB-type alloys, a series of TiZrMnCrFe ( = 0.1-0.5) alloys were prepared by arc melting.

Smart Light-Activated Microneedles with Copper-Doped Prussian Blue for Targeted Eradication.

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease primarily caused by , which compromises skin integrity and impairs patients' quality of life. Conventional antibiotic treatments face challenges, including bacterial resistance and poor lesion penetration. To address these limitations, we developed copper-doped Prussian Blue (CuPB) hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedles (MNs) (CuPB-HA@MNs).

Complete removal of COD from potato processing wastewater by co-cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis and Gordonia terrae.

For efficient removal of COD from the potato processing wastewater, the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the bacterium Gordonia terrae were co-cultivated in sterilized wastewater. Results showed that co-cultivation of H. pluvialis and G.

Application of augmented reality and surgical robotic navigation in total hip and knee replacement.

With advancements in computer vision, artificial intelligence, and other cutting-edge science and technologies, the focus of modern surgical technology has increasingly shifted towards intelligent, digital, minimally invasive, and precision approaches. Augmented reality (AR) technology and surgical robotics have emerged as significant research areas in total hip and knee replacement. Navigation systems, which are pivotal in both AR and robotic surgery, play a crucial role in guiding surgical operations using shared techniques.

Enhanced Macrophage Internalization of Photoaged Nanoplastics Mediated by Altered Serum Albumin Secondary Structure.

After nanoplastics (NPs) experience photoaging in an aquatic environment, they may enter blood circulation of organisms and interact with proteins, which significantly affect their cellular uptake and biological effects. In this study, polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and human serum albumin (HSA) were chosen as representative models of NPs and proteins, respectively. The photoaged PSNPs exhibited decreased particle size and increased surface oxidation, which not only promoted their binding with HSA but also led to preferential binding with the α-helix regions of HSA.

Enhancing phyto-microbial remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil using sophorolipid-modified biochar: Metagenomic and metabolomic insights.

We developed KOH-activated biochar (K-BC) and sophorolipid-modified K-BC (S-K-BC) for enhancing phyto-microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PH)-contaminated soil using Iris lactea Pall. Subsequently, three remediation systems were established: KBC-SLs (Iris lactea Pall. + 2 wt% S-K-BC), KBC + SLs (Iris lactea Pall.

Mechanistic insights into electric field-assisted nanofiltration for efficient lithium-magnesium separation.

Lithium, a pivotal resource in the new energy sector, demands the development of efficient and energy-saving lithium-magnesium separation technologies. This study employed electric field-assisted nanofiltration (E-NF) technology to achieve efficient lithium-magnesium separation. Compared with conventional nanofiltration, at a current density of 2 mA·cm, the rejection rate of Li⁺ decreased from -27.

Unveiling Microscopic Mechanisms of Chemical Mechanical Polishing via Multi-Scale Theoretical Calculations.

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a critical planarization technique that combines chemical reactions and mechanical grinding. However, analyzing its underlying mechanisms at the microscopic level, particularly on the wafer surface, remains a significant challenge. This review focuses on the theoretical study of the micro-mechanism of CMP, and systematically reviews the application of quantum chemistry based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) based on Newtonian mechanics (classical MD/reaction MD/ab initio MD) in the prediction of reaction activity and the analysis of interface behavior.

Biomimetic Nanoparticles with Sustained-Release for Stepwise Targeting Ion Channels in Inhibiting Leukemia Cell Growth.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extremely difficult to cure due to the challenges in accurately targeting it, as it is characterized by rapid progression, high aggressiveness, and high drug resistance. In this study, biomimetic sustained release nanoparticles (PLGA-C-M) were designed and prepared to inhibit the survival and resistance pathways of AML. PLGA-C-M targeted AML cells by wrapping leukemia cell membranes, achieving sustained slow drug release in the blood, and then progressively affecting intracellular Ca signaling by targeting TRPM2 ion channels that were highly expressed in AML in a step-by-step manner.

Cauliflower-like manganese oxide@carbon cathode with structural and interfacial dual optimization for ultrastable zinc-ion batteries.

Manganese-based oxide cathode materials have attracted significant attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high energy density and operating voltage, but their practical applications are limited by the structural instability caused by manganese dissolution and sluggish kinetics resulting from poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a cauliflower-like MnO/carbon composite (NMOC) with hierarchical porous architecture is designed and fabricated through NaCl phase-dynamic regulation strategy by using a cost-effective manganese tartrate as the precursor. The dynamic NaCl template not only directs the self-assembly of MnO nanoparticles into three-dimensional interconnected porous frameworks but also facilitates the in-situ formation of an ultrathin (∼2 nm) carbon coating layer.

Construction of interlayer-structured MnS@MXene cathode via a electrostatic anchoring combined with confined sulfidation strategy for high-performance zinc-ion batteries.

MnS materials have gained prominence as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and superior electrochemical reactivity, but their practical applications are limited by the suboptimal reaction kinetics, inadequate cycle durability, as well as the ambiguities in the fundamental charge storage mechanisms. Herein, a unique interlayer-structured MnS@MXene cathode is designed and synthesized through an electrostatic anchoring combined with confined sulfidation approach, which enables in situ growth of MnS in MXene matrices, overcoming the challenges of weak interfacial bonding and uneven particle distribution encountered in traditional composite fabrication methods. The periodic stacking of MnS nanoparticles and MXene lamellae forms a large number of heterogeneous interfaces, which construct a good conductive network while offering an increased number of active sites for electrochemical reactions.

A Tumor-Specific Membrane Protein Degradation Platform via Covalent Reaction-Induced Aggregation.

The majority of lysosome-targeting degradation strategies for membrane proteins rely on recruiting specific lysosome-targeting receptors; however, the low expression levels of these receptors in tumor cells limit their further applications. Herein, we design covalent membrane protein aggregate-targeting chimeras, termed CMPATACs, for tumor-specific membrane protein degradation, which do not rely on specific receptors. We first utilized a covalent reaction to irreversibly bind specific membrane proteins, and this process facilitates the formation of membrane protein aggregates that enter the lysosome for degradation, leading to improved anticancer capacity.

Regulating the Tautomerization of β-Ketoenamine Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting the Photoenzyme Catalytic Hydrolyzation of Acetaminophen in Wastewater.

The widespread use of acetaminophen (APAP), a common analgesic, has led to its increasing detection in wastewater, causing environmental pollution, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. This study introduces a novel photoenzyme catalytic system that combines β-ketoenamine covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for efficient APAP degradation. By regulating the tautomerization of β-ketoenamine COFs, the synergistic effect of absorption, photocatalytic oxidation, and enzymatic degradation was optimized: β-ketoenamine COFs contribute to the absorption and photocatalytic oxidation of APAP and the generation of hydrogen peroxide (HO), and HRP further degrades APAP under the presence of HO.

Resolving Hydraulic Resistances in Thin-Film Composite Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes.

Thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes are widely used in water treatment and resource recovery. Researchers generally take for granted that the dense polyamide rejection film dictates the overall hydraulic resistance of these membranes, neglecting the contributions of the substrate and the transverse transport of water to reach substrate pores. To address this critical gap, we developed a resistance-in-series model to quantify the resistances from the polyamide film, substrate, and transverse transport.

New Oxyhalide Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Conductivity for All-Solid-State Batteries.

Departing from conventional Li--X frameworks, we develop a Li--X oxyhalide chemistry (LiTaOCl, 0.8/3 ≤ ≤ 1.4/3) to overcome the conductivity limitation of halide-based solid electrolytes (SEs).

Improving Phase Stability of α-CsPbI through Combined Strain-Doping Engineering: Insights from First-Principles Calculations and Machine Learning.

The all-inorganic perovskite of cubic CsPbI (α-CsPbI) exhibited high thermal stability, owing to the absence of volatile organic cations. However, the poor phase stability at room temperature limits its practical applications. In this work, the phase transition mechanism of CsPbI from the cubic phase (α) to the tetragonal phase (β) was studied by first-principles calculations.

A Low-Friction Capsule Robot with Drive-Control-Sensing Integration for Gastrointestinal Lesion Detection.

pH and temperature in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are correlated with many diseases, but patients suffer from the pain of traditional testing methods. Functionalized capsule robots for GI tract sensing offer a potential approach for early GI disease diagnosis. However, most capsule robots struggle with control and sensing integration.

Multi-scale feature pyramid network with bidirectional attention for efficient mural image classification.

Mural image recognition plays a critical role in the digital preservation of cultural heritage; however, it faces cross-cultural and multi-period style generalization challenges, compounded by limited sample sizes and intricate details, such as losses caused by natural weathering of mural surfaces and complex artistic patterns.This paper proposes a deep learning model based on DenseNet201-FPN, incorporating a Bidirectional Convolutional Block Attention Module (Bi-CBAM), dynamic focal distillation loss, and convex regularization. First, a lightweight Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is embedded into DenseNet201 to fuse multi-scale texture features (28 × 28 × 256, 14 × 14 × 512, 7 × 7 × 1024).

Self-Healable and Recyclable Bio-Based Crosslinked Polyimide Hybrid Dielectrics Enabled by Molecular Chain Tailoring.

Growing environmental concerns about petrochemical plastics are driving the need to explore green and sustainable alternative materials. Polyimide (PI), as a typical petrochemical material, has a unique ordered molecular structure and tightly entangled molecular chains, making it difficult to heat form, and the recycling back to their original form is virtually impossible after damage. To overcome these obstacles and create next-generation sustainable dielectrics, a strategy to realize the partial disassociation and reassembly of imine bonds in PI via constructing a dynamic covalent network is proposed, thereby endowing PI hybrid dielectric with self-healable and recyclable abilities.

DialogueLLM: Context and emotion knowledge-tuned large language models for emotion recognition in conversations.

Large language models (LLMs) and their variants have shown extraordinary efficacy across numerous downstream natural language processing tasks. Despite their remarkable performance in natural language generating, LLMs lack a distinct focus on the emotion understanding domain. As a result, using LLMs for emotion recognition may lead to suboptimal and inadequate precision.

Hypoxia-Activated and Light-Amplified Paclitaxel Release for Potentiated Photodynamic and Chemotherapy.

Iridium(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence, tunable emission, and spatiotemporally controlled light-activation properties, making them ideal candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, self-amplified nanoparticles combining polycarbonate-iridium(III) conjugates (PC-Ir) and hypoxia-responsive paclitaxel prodrugs (PTX-Azo) were engineered. Upon 660 nm laser irradiation, PC-Ir generates substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) via both type I and type II photodynamic pathways.

Investigation of lumbar injury in out-of-position occupants via seat back angles under AES.

The effects of seatback recline angles and occupant displacement during emergency steering maneuvers on lumbar injury trends were investigated. A collision simulation environment was created using the AC-HUM model combined with a partial vehicle model. Under varying seatback recline configurations, two pre-collision scenarios were simulated: with and without autonomous emergency steering (AES) intervention.

Comprehensive environmental assessment of typical Chinese industrial metal production processes.

To promote energy conservation and emission reduction, a quantitative assessment of pollutants from metal production is imperative. However, conventional life cycle assessment cannot provide detail environmental impact assessment for pollutants (e.g.

Engineering Nanomedicine with Oxidative Stress Amplification and Antioxidant Defense Disruption for Enhanced Cancer Treatment.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) faces limitations due to tumor hypoxia and antioxidant defenses. Herein, a modular drug delivery system (P@Ce6/PTX) that integrates photosensitizer (Ce6), metal ion (Cu), and hypoxia-activated paclitaxel prodrugs (PTX-MTZ) was developed by a one-step coassembly strategy to amplify oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis while enabling hypoxia-triggered chemotherapy. The Cu-imidazole coordination not only stabilizes the nanostructure but also facilitates controllable size modulation by varying the polymer-to-metal ratio.