Transcriptional regulation of neuropeptide receptors underlies context-dependent adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Neuropeptides (NPs) and their receptors (NPRs) play critical roles in modulating physiological processes and behaviors across species. While the transcriptional regulation of NP genes has been extensively studied, how NPRs contribute to context-dependent behavioral plasticity remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the genomic features and expression patterns of NPRs in Drosophila melanogaster, leveraging comparative genomics, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), transcription factor (TF) network analysis, and empirical validation to uncover the regulatory mechanisms that involve NPRs and play roles in context-dependent adaptation.

Regulation of charge carrier transportation in D-π-A type covalent organic frameworks for promoting photocatalytic HO production.

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) with diverse conjugated structures are extensively utilized as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. However, the current applications are constrained by the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and the slow reaction kinetics. To address these issues, in this study, we design and prepare four COF photocatalysts with a distinct donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structure to regulate the photogenerated charge carrier transportation.

Miniaturized MgBi-based thermoelectric cooler for localized electronic thermal management.

Miniaturized thermoelectric coolers, known for their high cooling power density and rapid thermal response, hold promise for localized thermal management. While traditional thermoelectric coolers have primarily relied on BiTe alloys, the recent development of n-type MgBi-based materials presents a compelling alternative, offering enhanced cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. In this study, we have designed and fabricated a MgBi-based miniscale thermoelectric cooler.

Design and complexity analysis of marginalized Gaussian filtering for nonlinear systems with multi-step random measurement delays and packet dropouts.

For nonlinear systems with multi-step random measurement delays and packet dropouts, the existing state-augmented Gaussian filtering (SAGF) has a high computational complexity in the case of large delay steps as the dimension of augmented state increases with delay step. To overcome this drawback, this paper firstly points out that there exist analytical linear substructures in the augmented systems. Then by applying the marginalization technique to these substructures, a marginalized Gaussian filtering (MGF) is developed, where integrals are w.

Nitrogen-doped biochar supported magnetite enhances hydrolysis and methanogenesis during anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge in continuously operated reactors: Metagenomic Approach.

While conductive materials (CMs) are known to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD), comparative efficacies of carbon- and iron-based CMs during AD of waste activated sludge (WAS) have not been investigated. In this study, a novel hybrid conductive material, namely nitrogen-doped biochar supported magnetite (FeO@N-BC), was synthesized and applied in continuously operated up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. The addition of FeO@N-BC increased methane production rate by 25 %, higher than that of FeO (19 %) and biochar (13 %).

Knowledge discovery and performance-energy optimization in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation via adaptive multi-task learning.

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) is a promising technology with significant potential for water treatment, but its application is limited by the optimization of performance and energy consumption. This study proposed an innovative adaptive multi-task learning (MTL) framework for performance optimization (PO), energy consumption (EC), and performance-energy balance (PEB). The PEB-MTL constructed with implicit functions and Pareto optimization achieved a multi-task balance between pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O), and could simultaneously optimize performance and energy consumption through adaptive task weighting and random perturbation-enhanced PSO algorithm.

High-value organic solvent recovery and reuse in perovskite solar cell manufacturing.

Recycling high-value organic solvents is crucial but challenging in various industries. For example, the perovskite solar cell (PSC), a rising star of photovoltaic industry, calls for proper management of solvents like ,-dimethylformamide (DMF). Traditional solvent recovery methods are often less effective, costly, and energy-intensive.

An H-shaped framed piezoelectric energy harvester for capturing vibration energy from railway tracks.

This paper presents an H-shaped piezoelectric stack energy harvester designed to capture energy from track vibrations between railway sleepers. The harvester achieved an impressive maximum output power of 29.64 mW, demonstrating the efficient conversion of mechanical energy into electrical power.

Charting the spatial transcriptome of the human cerebral cortex at single-cell resolution.

A high-resolution spatial physiological atlas of cortical neurons serves as an essential reference for studying neurological diseases and is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the cortical functions and physiological mechanisms. Although previous studies have elucidated the cellular basis of individual cortex, the molecular characteristics and precise spatial organization of neural cells within multiple human cortex remain incompletely understood. Subcellular-level spatial transcriptomic sequencing and snRNA-seq enabled mapping of 14 human cortical regions, creating a single-cell atlas with transcriptomic data from 1,121,772 nuclei and spatial profiles from 1,888,306 cells to characterize neural cell organization.

Anti-windup compensator based on LADRC and its application in the attitude control of near-space aircraft.

A novel Anti-windup Compensator (AWC) is proposed for the Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) in the Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (LADRC). Unlike classical AWC structures, this compensator augments LADRC by dynamically adjusting state variables and extended state compensation within the LESO, resulting in the method being termed AWC-LESO. The adjustment is based on the degree of saturation, effectively mitigating the impact of input saturation on the system.

Secondary amine-activated ferrate(VI) for isoquinoline degradation: Relationship between molecular structure and reactive performance.

This study elucidates the electronic structure-activity relationship between secondary amines and ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) activation. Comparative experiments demonstrated that pyrrolidine (Py) significantly outperformed diethylamine (Di) in enhancing Fe(VI)'s oxidation capability across various dosage conditions, pollutants, and water matrices. Specifically, for isoquinoline (IQL) degradation, Py-Fe(VI) achieved an approximately 7-fold higher rate constant than Fe(VI) alone, versus a 2-fold improvement observed with Di-Fe(VI).

Investigation of Al Doping Effect on LVP Cathode: Structure Evolution and Magnetic Transition.

The determination of ion doping sites, doping amounts, and changes in the crystal and magnetic structures are fundamental and crucial issues that remain unclear in cation doped LiV(PO) (LVP) cathode for lithium-ion batteries. This study employed X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinements, Al/Li/V/P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the doping sites and amounts of Al, the long-range and short-range crystal structures, the electronic structure, and the possible changes in magnetism in a series of LiV2(1)Al(PO)/reduced graphene oxide composites (LVAP/C). The results demonstrate that the practical doping sites and amounts of Al, as well as the crystal and electronic structures, and magnetic characteristics, are affected by different ranges of Al doping amounts.

Solar Membrane Crystallizer with Ultralow Salt Adhesion for Zero Liquid Discharge of Hypersaline Wastewater.

Solar-driven zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) is a promising wastewater management strategy for freshwater recovery and salt resource harvesting. However, currently developed interfacial solar crystallizers fail to maintain high evaporation capability when treating hypersaline wastewater due to the salt scaling problem. The accumulated salt on the solar crystallizers hinders the efficiency of solar-driven ZLD.

Convective and absolute instabilities in electrohydrodynamic flow for viscoelastic fluid.

The convective and absolute instabilities in electrohydrodynamic-Poiseuille mixed convection for viscoelastic fluids with the Oldroyd-B model are examined. In the absence of Poiseuille flow, based on the stationary and oscillatory characteristics at the onset of convection, we distinguish weakly and strongly elastic fluid, dominated by viscosity effects and elasticity effects, respectively. Their borderline of the two effects in terms of the critical electric Weissenberg W_{ec} satisfies the relation W_{ec}=a/(1-β)+b where β is viscosity ratio, and the parameters a and b depend on dimensionless ion mobility.

Air-stable LiFeO additive enabled by carbon coating for energy-dense lithium-ion batteries.

LiFeO is a promising pre-lithiation additive for the positive electrode in lithium-ion batteries, offering the potential to enhance energy density. However, its susceptibility to air degradation presents a significant challenge for commercialization. In this study, we develop an effective carbon coating strategy utilizing pitch to improve the air stability of LiFeO.

Dynamically tunable long-range coupling enabled by bound state in the continuum.

Formation and dynamic control of strong coupling among cavities are essential to realize advanced functional photonic and quantum circuits. Especially for cavities at distant distance or arbitrary locations. Conventional approaches suffer from short coupling distance, poor controllability, fixed locations and low wavelength uniformity, significantly restricting the scalability of photonic and quantum networks.

Multiple amplifications of NIR-I ECL signals of AuPtAg nanoclusters and applications in fast detections of noradrenaline.

NIR-I electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is emerging as highly sensitive detection strategy due to its low background at the ambient conditions. Nonetheless, the applications of current NIR-I ECL nanoprobes are limited to the harsh synthetic/testing condition, high toxicity, low signal, and poor biocompatibility. In this study, glutathione/lipoic acid-protected trimetallic AuPtAg nanoclusters (GSH/LA/AuPtAg NCs) are demonstrated as an efficient nanoprobe with strong ECL signals around 850 nm in the presences of triethylamine.

Reg2ST: recognizing potential patterns from gene expression for spatial transcriptomics prediction.

Spatial transcriptomics is able to acquire cellular gene expression while retaining spatial location. It is often accompanied by matched hematoxylin and eosin-stained histology whole-slide images. This retention of spatial information is critical for studying key issues in cell biology, developmental biology, neurobiology, and tumor biology.

Insights into the dynamic changes and chlorine reactivity of biomass-derived DOM after pyrolysis and oxygen-limited torrefaction of straw during freeze-thaw processes using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Large-scale production of biomass worldwide releases biomass-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) into water. Nevertheless, how different methods of processing biomass influence the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of BDOM in cold regions, especially under freeze-thaw (F/T) ageing remains unclear. Here, the spectroscopic characterization and specific formation potential of disinfection byproducts (SDBP-FPs) of BDOM released from straw after pyrolysis or oxygen-limited torrefaction, as well as their changing trends during F/T cycles were investigated.

Ecological functions coupled with plasmid and phage-mediated dissemination drive the global prevalence of high-risk antimicrobial resistance genes in influent.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent pose potential global risk to public health. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of global influent ARGs, the highly prevalent core ARGs components, and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. The resistance risk ranking integrating abundance, mobility, and pathogenicity in actual influent samples is still undefined.

Empowering single-cell analysis with emerging active microfluidic devices.

Understanding cellular heterogeneity is crucial for deciphering infection mechanisms, disease progression, and identifying novel biomarkers for personalized therapies, which provides valuable insights into biological processes and supports decision-making in biomedical settings. Microfluidics is a compact and lightweight system that enables efficient, high-throughput single-cell isolation and real-time analysis, making it the prevailing technology for single-cell analysis. Despite the advantages, microfluidic methods face several limitations, such as the need for off-chip pretreatment and post-processing, poor cell manipulation, and high cell damage, which hinder their broader application.

Chitosan and its functionalized derivatives for heavy metal ion elimination: A review of synthesis, mechanisms, and characterization studies.

Due to its widespread distribution, lower environmental impact, sustainability, and antimicrobial attributes, chitosan is a multifunctional polysaccharide. Composite materials composed of chitosan convey the promotion of a viable and environmentally friendly engagement and eliminate the growing worries associated with the ecological contamination being caused by the metallic ions. Due to its special coordination property, chitosan combines with other beneficial substances.

Grain Boundary Oxygen Improving the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Zn-RuO@ZnO.

The lattice oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the currently predominant mechanism, while the grain boundary (GB) OER is still the enigma. This study proposes the grain boundary oxygen mechanism (GBOM) and validates it using Zn-RuO@ZnO in OER. An optimal GB density in Zn-RuO@ZnO achieves an overpotential of 170 mV and 600 h durability at 10 mA cm.

Large Second Harmonic Generation of Inp/SiO Multilayer in Temperature Range of 80-673 K.

III-V compound semiconductors, represented by indium phosphide (InP), demonstrate great potential in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO) due to their high nonlinear susceptibility. However, achieving high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency and good atmospheric stability remains a critical challenge for InP-based NLO devices, limiting their practical applications. In this work, the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of InP/SiO multilayer is reported, which does not require strict epitaxially-grown conditions.

Self-Adaptive Omnidirectional Wind Domain Energy Harvesting Based on Dual-Mode Complementary Strategy of Wind-Induced Vibration.

The harvesting and utilization of vibration energy from transmission lines can effectively advance the development of smart grids. However, variations in wind direction significantly affect the vibration status of transmission lines-a problem often overlooked in research. This paper clarifies the gap problem of wind-induced vibration energy harvesting in transmission lines for the first time, and presents a dual-mode complementary strategy of wind-induced vibration for transmission lines.