Experimental Study on the Impact Compression Properties of Aluminum Honeycomb with Gradient-Thickness Cell Walls Using a Three-Factor Orthogonal Matrix Design.

A novel honeycomb with gradient-thickness cell walls (HGTCWs) is fabricated through chemical etching to achieve progressive thickness reduction in the cell walls. This engineered honeycomb demonstrates superior energy absorption by effectively eliminating the peak load during the linear elastic stage of the load-displacement curve under impact loading, thereby preventing premature structural failure caused by excessive instantaneous loads. To systematically investigate the impact compression mechanics, energy absorption characteristics, and key influencing factors of aluminum HGTCWs, a three-factor orthogonal array of low-velocity impact experiments was designed.

Development and validation of a deep learning model for early detection and screening of diabetic retinopathy.

Early diagnosis and screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are crucial for reducing medical burdens and conserving healthcare resources. This study introduces an advanced AI-assisted recognition system designed to enhance the detection of DR lesions through innovative automatic learning methods. Central to our approach are agnostic text instruction templates, which facilitate zero-shot DR detection by integrating text embeddings with visual information.

How long is long enough for traffic conflict observation: An investigation using extreme value theory approaches.

Determining the appropriate duration for traffic conflict observation remains a critical yet unresolved challenge in road safety analysis. Existing approaches lack a quantitative approach to determine adequate sample sizes for general conflict-based applications. This study addresses this gap by proposing an extreme value theory based framework to determine appropriate observation durations, based on the inherent stability of road entity safety for a specified period.

Graph-based feature learning methods for subject-dependent and subject-independent motor imagery EEG decoding.

Unlabelled: The significant intra-individual variability and inter-individual differences in scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) make it difficult to learn task-distinguishable features, posing a challenge for motor imagery brain-computer interfaces. Current feature learning methods often produce an incomplete feature space, struggling to accommodate these variations and differences. Additionally, the weak discriminative nature of this feature space results in diminished EEG classification performance.

reDA: differential abundance testing on scATAC-seq data using random walk with restart.

Summary: Identifying cell states associated with disease progression or experimental perturbations from single-cell Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) data is critical for unraveling disease pathogenesis. However, the high dimensionality, extreme sparsity, and nearly binary nature of scATAC-seq data pose significant challenges. Here, we present reDA, a cluster-free computational framework that performs differential abundance testing based on the random walk with restart.

Hierarchical Assembly of Proteinosomes and Coacervates Communities into 3D Protocellular Networks.

Drawing inspiration from the living cells, various life-inspired assemblies have been developed to mimic their remarkable properties and functionalities, and offer valuable insights into the origin of life and the understanding of life behaviors. Advancing the design and construction of multi-compartmentalized hierarchical systems with more advanced structures and functions has always increasingly attracted attention in this field. Here, a type of 3D protocellular networks are designed and constructed, which is formed by the hybrid of two types of protocells communities based on phenylboronic acid-grafted proteinosomes and polysaccharide-based coacervate microdroplets.

Babinet-Inverted GaP Suspended Fishnet Membrane Enables Long-Lasting Unshifted Gigahertz Hypersonic Waves Generation.

Nanostructured dielectric optomechanical platforms have facilitated the efficient generation and precise control of hypersonic waves. However, substantial energy losses have thus far prevented the realization of nanoresonators with long-lasting signals and high quality factors. In this study, we propose suspended all-dielectric fishnet structures made of gallium phosphide, which exhibit up to five odd-order resonant modes with an exceptionally low isotropic loss factor (η = 0.

Reconfigurable superstructures of photocatalytic colloidal motors under light, magnetic, and acoustic fields.

We report on the dynamic self-assembly of TiO-Fe photocatalytic colloidal motors into reconfigurable superstructures when subjected to UV illumination, magnetic fields, and acoustic confinement. Tuning the light intensity and magnetic field strength enables control over cluster size, rotation speed, and structural compactness. Four distinct phases emerge from the interplay of dipolar repulsion, self-propulsion, and phoretic attraction.

High-Reynolds-Number Turbulence Database: AeroFlowData.

Turbulence widely appears in natural and industrial environments, with its multi-scale structures posing significant challenges for accurate simulation and prediction. Nowadays, turbulence databases play a crucial role in advancing scientific research. However, existing turbulence databases primarily focus on fundamental turbulence problems and are predominantly limited to turbulent flows at low-to-moderate Reynolds number, making them insufficient to address high-Reynolds-number turbulence challenges in complex engineering applications.

Exercise promotes neurological recovery by enhancing neuroplasticity and the spinal cord compensation in stroke-affected rats.

Purpose Of The Research: This study aimed to explore the effects of exercise on sensorimotor recovery after stroke, neuroplasticity changes in the brain and spinal cord, and spinal cord compensation mechanisms.

Methods: A rat model of ischemic stroke was induced using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion method. A T10 spinal cord injury (SCI) model was induced using a modified Allen procedure.

Influence of Working Medium Temperature on the Electrification of the Kelvin Water-Drop Generator.

Kelvin water-drop generator (KWDG) is a device for generating static electricity through the process of water drop, and it can generate high voltage without an additional power supply, which is widely used in the electrostatic field. This electrification process is complex and difficult to explain, and it depends on the properties of the working medium, especially the working medium temperature. The temperature of the working medium, as a key factor, has an impact on the thermal motion of the ions, thereby influencing the electrification process.

Insights into Fouling Control of the Salt-Responsive Membrane across the Entire Filtration-Backwashing Cycle.

Ultrafiltration, a key membrane technology for surface water treatment, is highly susceptible to fouling caused by natural organic matter. Herein, a zwitterionic polymeric membrane () was fabricated via a two-step protocol. During surface water filtration, demonstrated high pure water permeance (about 1433 L·m·h·bar) and superior fouling-resistant ability compared with the commercial ultrafiltration membrane.

Dual Vacancy Engineering in Alloyed Ga-Zn-Cu-Se Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Diformylfuran Conversion.

Highly -active/-selective photocatalytic biomass conversion is of great importance for achieving remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion. However, serious challenges, e.g.

An easily machine learning-based tool for preliminary risk assessment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a crucial risk factor for postoperative recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accurate preoperative assessment of MVI and appropriate resection margins (RM) could reduce recurrence rates of HCC.

Methods: A total of 1651 eligible patients who underwent liver resection between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2023 were retrospectively collected.

A Review of Maricultural Wastewater Treatment Using an MBR: Insights into the Mechanism of Membrane Fouling Mitigation Through a Microalgal-Bacterial Symbiotic and Microbial Ecological Network.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been utilized for maricultural wastewater treatment, where high-salinity stress results in dramatic membrane fouling in the actual process. A microalgal-bacterial symbiotic system (MBSS) offers advantages for photosynthetic oxygen production, dynamically regulating the structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and improving the salinity tolerance of bacteria and algae. This study centered on the mechanisms of membrane fouling mitigation via the microalgal-bacterial interactions in the MBSS, including improving the pollutant removal, optimizing the system parameters, and controlling the gel layer formation.

Design of a Humanoid Upper-Body Robot and Trajectory Tracking Control via ZNN with a Matrix Derivative Observer.

Humanoid robots have attracted considerable attention for their anthropomorphic structure, extended workspace, and versatile capabilities. This paper presents a novel humanoid upper-body robotic system comprising a pair of 8-degree-of-freedom (DOF) arms, a 3-DOF head, and a 3-DOF torso-yielding a 22-DOF architecture inspired by human biomechanics and implemented via standardized hollow joint modules. To overcome the critical reliance of zeroing neural network (ZNN)-based trajectory tracking on the Jacobian matrix derivative, we propose an integration-enhanced matrix derivative observer (IEMDO) that incorporates nonlinear feedback and integral correction.

Redistribution of charge in a 2D/1D BiOBr/BiOS heterojunction for the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in water.

This study presents the design of a 2D/1D BiOBr/BiOS p-n heterojunction developed for the degradation of organic pollutants in water, addressing the issue of water contamination caused by pharmaceutical compounds. In an hydrothermal synthesis method, the BiOBr nanosheets were synthesised on BiOS nanorods in varying ratio to form a heterojunction that maximises charge separation and suppressed charge recombination. At an optimal 20% BiOS ratio, BiOBr/BiOS heterojunction achieved 88% degradation efficiency of ciprofloxacin and TOC removal of 60%, when compared with the pristine BiOBr and BiOS.

Discovery of RNA-Targeting Small Molecules: Challenges and Future Directions.

RNA-targeting small molecules represent a transformative frontier in drug discovery, offering novel therapeutic avenues for diseases traditionally deemed undruggable. This review explores the latest advancements in the development of RNA-binding small molecules, focusing on the current obstacles and promising avenues for future research. We highlight innovations in RNA structure determination, including X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy, which provide the foundation for rational drug design.

From Visualization to Mechanism: Uncovering Early Fouling Dynamics in Nanofiltration through LIF Experiments.

Early fouling in nanofiltration membranes critically impacts long-term performance and operational efficiency, yet its dynamic evolution remains poorly understood due to limitations in real-time characterization. This study employs laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology to visualize and quantify the spatiotemporal development of early fouling during the initial 120 min of filtration. Combined with discrete phase model (DPM) simulations, the work reveals how cross-flow velocity and transmembrane pressure modulate early fouling behavior.

Kernel-based system identification using generalized orthogonal basis functions and meta-heuristic techniques.

The kernel-based regularization method (KRM), emerging as a paradigm for system identification, has found widespread application in both causal and non-causal system identification. Its main challenges are the design of the kernel and the estimation of the hyperparameters. In this paper, we give some approaches to address these challenges.

Survival prediction models for people living with HIV based on four machine learning models.

Although antiretroviral therapy has prolonged the lifespan of people living with HIV, significant variations still exist in survival rates and risk factors among these people. This study compares the performance of the Cox proportional hazard models with four machine learning models in predicting the survival of people living with HIV, analyzing the survival factors among them, thereby assisting medical decision-making. We collected data on 676 people living with HIV from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Nonlinear optical functionalized Cu(II) coordination complexes with chiral ligands: design, structural elucidation, and theoretical investigation.

This study investigates the design, synthesis, and comprehensive characterization of five chiral ligands derived from L-phenylalanine and halogen-substituted salicylaldehydes (F, Cl, Br, and I) and their copper(II) coordination complexes. All of these ligands and their complexes are fully characterized. The crystallographic studies reveal that these complexes are in the space group and the central Cu(II) has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, and noncentrosymmetric packing, which are advantageous for improving nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.

[Space magnetic environment and circadian rhythm].

In recent years, China's manned space program has advanced rapidly, with deep space exploration missions such as manned lunar landing steadily progressing, leading to a significant extension of astronauts' duration in outer space. In this context, the impact of the space magnetic field environment on astronaut health has become increasingly conspicuous. Characterized by its complexity, the spatial magnetic field indirectly regulates the circadian rhythm system by interfering with mitochondrial functions, such as electron transport chain activity, ATP synthesis efficiency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance.

Additive-Free TiCT MXene Actuator with Large Deformation, Programmability, and High-Humidity Stability via Precise Interlayer Spacing Control Engineering.

Introducing external substances to intercalate MXene (TiCT) or combining MXene with other inert materials to construct bilayer/multilayer structures is the current mainstream solution for improving actuation performance of MXene-based actuators. Possible issues include the degradation in mechanical and electrical properties of MXene, or the decrease in actuation performance or even structural damage of the actuator under frequent actuation. Besides, the structural and actuation performance stability of MXene-based actuators under high humidity environment also remain challenges.

Cellulose nanocrystal-assisted microphase separation for constructing multi-scale electrospun membrane toward W/O emulsion separation.

Efficient separation of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions is essential for wastewater treatment, yet conventional electrospun membranes often suffer from poor mechanical properties, large inter-fiber pores and structural instability. Here, we propose a coaxial electrospinning strategy that combines a PVDF/CNC core with a PDMS shell to construct a hierarchical superhydrophobic membrane. The incorporation of CNC induces nonsolvent-driven microphase separation during electrospinning, generating spindle- and nanosphere-like surface structures while reinforcing the fibrous network.