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Drawing inspiration from the living cells, various life-inspired assemblies have been developed to mimic their remarkable properties and functionalities, and offer valuable insights into the origin of life and the understanding of life behaviors. Advancing the design and construction of multi-compartmentalized hierarchical systems with more advanced structures and functions has always increasingly attracted attention in this field. Here, a type of 3D protocellular networks are designed and constructed, which is formed by the hybrid of two types of protocells communities based on phenylboronic acid-grafted proteinosomes and polysaccharide-based coacervate microdroplets. Progressive self-assembly process is investigated to understand their characteristics and functions, including the host-guest self-assembly, the multi-compartmentalized hierarchical self-assembly, and bulk aqueous self-assembly. Notably, the 3D protocellular networks-based bulk condensate phase, which is bulk aqueous self-assembled by physical support between vesicles- and droplets-based protocells communities, exhibit the regulation of enzymatic reactions based on the enzyme enrichment and adhesiveness of the condensate phase. The results establish a platform for investigating the interactions between protocell communities and provide opportunities for the fabrication of functional 3D protocellular networks with a new view to engineer biomimetic prototissues.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202507338 | DOI Listing |
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August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Fibers and Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
Drawing inspiration from the living cells, various life-inspired assemblies have been developed to mimic their remarkable properties and functionalities, and offer valuable insights into the origin of life and the understanding of life behaviors. Advancing the design and construction of multi-compartmentalized hierarchical systems with more advanced structures and functions has always increasingly attracted attention in this field. Here, a type of 3D protocellular networks are designed and constructed, which is formed by the hybrid of two types of protocells communities based on phenylboronic acid-grafted proteinosomes and polysaccharide-based coacervate microdroplets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
May 2025
Centre for Protolife Research and Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
The fabrication of cytomimetic materials capable of orchestrated and adaptive functions remains a significant challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology. Inspired by the cell/matrix integration of living bone, here we covalently tether distributed single populations of alkaline phosphatase-containing inorganic protocells (colloidosomes) onto a crosslinked organic network to establish viscoelastic tissue-like micro-composites. The prototissues are endogenously calcified with site-specific mineralization modalities involving selective intra-protocellular calcification, matrix-specific extra-protocellular calcification or gradient calcification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
December 2024
Bioinspired Interactive Materials and Protocellular Systems Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
Biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) pose significant challenges in modern medical technologies, being a major postoperative complication and leading cause of implant failure. These infections significantly risk patient health, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and elevated treatment expenses. This comprehensive review examines the mechanisms driving bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterial surfaces, offering an in-depth analysis of current antimicrobial strategies for preventing BAIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
October 2024
Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University.
Motility is a hallmark of life's dynamic processes, enabling cells to actively chase prey, repair wounds, and shape organs. Recreating these intricate behaviors using well-defined molecules remains a major challenge at the intersection of biology, physics, and molecular engineering. Although the polymerization force of the actin cytoskeleton is characterized as a primary driver of cell motility, recapitulating this process in protocellular systems has proven elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
January 2024
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
The role of evolutionary theory at the origin of life is an extensively debated topic. The origin and early development of life is usually separated into a prebiotic phase and a protocellular phase, ultimately leading to the Last Universal Common Ancestor. Most likely, the Last Universal Common Ancestor was subject to Darwinian evolution, but the question remains to what extent Darwinian evolution applies to the prebiotic and protocellular phases.
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