African swine fever virus pMGF505-9R enhances RIG-I-like Receptor signaling by promoting RING finger protein 125 auto-ubiquitination.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Recent studies have demonstrated that the African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection can cause severe inflammatory responses and promote the production of cytokines, but it is still unclear whether the viral proteins play a role in this process. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide screening by dual luciferase activity assay.

Genetic and Evolutionary Analysis of Porcine Kobuvirus in Guangxi Province, Southern China, Between 2021 and 2025.

Kobuvirus is a new genus of viruses in the family causing diarrhea in animals. Porcine kobuvirus (PKV) is an important pathogen with a high rate of infection in pig herds. In this study, a total of 10,990 fecal swabs and tissue samples were collected from different areas of Guangxi province in southern China during 2021-2025 and then tested for PKV using RT-qPCR.

African swine fever virus A179L inhibits interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 activation of NF-κB pathway.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes over 150 viral proteins, several of which have roles in evading innate immune responses. Among these, A179L is the only Bcl-2-like protein involved in ASFV-induced apoptosis, but its other functions remain poorly understood. This study found that A179L inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Phylogenetic analysis and genetic evolution of porcine respiratory coronavirus in Guangxi province, Southern China from 2022 to 2024.

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) is an important coronavirus to cause respiratory syndrome in pigs. To analyze the genetic and evolutional characteristics of PRCV in Guangxi province, southern China, a total of 6,267 clinical samples were collected from different pig farms, harmless treatment plants and abattoirs in Guangxi province during 2022-2024. Seventeen positive samples of PRCV were selected to amplify and analyze the S, M, and N gene sequences.

Exploring the function and pathogenicity of Goatpox virus N1L gene using recombinant vaccinia virus Tiantan strain.

The N1L gene is a well-characterized virulence factor in the poxvirus family; however, its functional role in Goatpox virus (GTPV) remains poorly understood. To elucidate the biological significance of the GTPV N1L gene (gN1L), we constructed three recombinant vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (rVVT) using homologous recombination: rVVT-ΔvN1L (deletion of VVT N1L), rVVT-vN1Lr (insertion of enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP), and rVVT-gN1L (substitution with gN1L). The biological properties of these recombinant strains were systematically compared with those of wild-type VVT to evaluate the functional role of gN1L.

Review of respiratory syndromes in poultry: pathogens, prevention, and control measures.

Respiratory syndromes (RS) include a variety of diseases that lead to respiratory dysfunction, resulting in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. Infectious agents and unfavourable environmental factors cause these respiratory diseases, and rapid transmission, high morbidity rates, and frequent mixed infections characterise them. The challenge in preventing and treating these diseases arises from the complexity of their triggers and the potential for secondary infections.

The mRNA vaccine expressing fused structural protein of PRRSV protects piglets against PRRSV challenge.

The swine industry experiences substantial economic losses annually due to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The limited protective efficacy of existing commercial vaccines against epidemic PRRSV underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions. The mRNA vaccines, which elicit robust immune responses, have emerged as a promising avenue in vaccine development.

Development of a triplex crystal digital PCR for the detection of PRCoV, PRRSV, and SIV.

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and swine influenza virus (SIV) are important pathogens of significant infectious diseases. They cause similar clinical respiratory symptoms, including fever, cough, runny nose, and respiratory distress, which makes these diseases difficult to distinguish from each other. In this study, three pairs of specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed for the conserved regions of the PRCoV S gene, PRRSV N gene, and SIV M gene, respectively.

A Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of Porcine Sapelovirus, Porcine Kobuvirus, Porcine Teschovirus, and Porcine Enterovirus G.

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), porcine kobuvirus (PKV), porcine teschovirus (PTV), and porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) are all important viruses in the swine industry. These viruses play important roles in the establishment of similar clinical signs of diseases in pigs, including diarrhea, encephalitis, and reproductive and respiratory disorders. The early accurate detection of these viruses is crucial for dealing with these diseases.

Elucidating the antiviral effects of a novel compound throat anti-viral through metabolomics and network pharmacology: A study on infectious bronchitis virus in poultry.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. Current vaccination strategies provide only partial protection, highlighting the need for more effective prevention and treatment methods. This study aimed to develop a novel compound throat anti-viral (CTA) from natural plants using data from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance System and identification through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Establishment of a Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of Canine Coronavirus, Canine Respiratory Coronavirus, Canine Adenovirus Type 2, and Canine Norovirus.

Canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), and canine norovirus (CNV) are important pathogens for canine viral gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Especially, co-infections with these viruses exacerbate the damages of diseases. In this study, four pairs of primers and probes were designed to specifically amplify the conserved regions of the CCoV M gene, CRCoV N gene, CAV-2 hexon gene, and CNV RdRp gene.

Development of a Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of Porcine Astrovirus, Porcine Sapovirus, Porcine Norovirus, and Porcine Rotavirus A.

Porcine astrovirus (PoAstV), porcine sapovirus (PoSaV), porcine norovirus (PoNoV), and porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA) are newly discovered important porcine diarrhea viruses with a wide range of hosts and zoonotic potential, and their co-infections are often found in pig herds. In this study, the specific primers and probes were designed targeting the ORF1 gene of PoAstV, PoSaV, and PoNoV, and the VP6 gene of PoRVA. The recombinant standard plasmids were constructed, the reaction conditions (concentration of primers and probes, annealing temperature, and reaction cycle) were optimized, and the specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility were analyzed to establish a quadruplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the detection of these four diarrheal viruses.

Development of a triplex crystal digital RT-PCR for the detection of PHEV, PRV, and CSFV.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are currently prevalent worldwide and cause similar neurological symptoms in infected pigs. It is very important to establish a detection method that can rapidly and accurately detect and differentiate these three viruses. Targeting the PHEV N gene, PRV gB gene, and CSFV 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), three pairs of specific primers and probes were designed, and a triplex crystal digital reverse transcription-PCR (cdRT-PCR) was developed to detect PHEV, PRV, and CSFV.

A Quadruplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) induce similar clinical signs in infected pigs, including hyperthermia, anorexia, hemorrhage, respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, and/or abortions in pregnant sows. The differential diagnosis of these diseases relies on laboratory examinations. In this study, a quadruplex RT-qPCR was established using four pairs of specific primers and probes aimed at the (p72) gene of ASFV, the 5' untranslated region () of CSFV, the gene of PRRSV, and the gene of PRV for the detection and differentiation of ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, and PRV.

Therapeutic Effect of Shikimic Acid on Heat Stress-Induced Myocardial Damage: Assessment via Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and In Vitro Experiments.

Unlabelled: Background: Rising global temperatures have been linked to an increased incidence of heat stress (HS)-induced myocardial damage.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of shikimic acid (SA) on HS-induced myocardial damage using network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and in vitro experiments.

Results: Network pharmacology analysis indicated that SA significantly attenuates the inflammatory response to HS by modulating 60 targets, including TNF, IL-6, and STAT3, which are enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Guangxi Province, China, during 2020 and 2024.

The variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused considerable economic losses to the global pig industry since 2010. In this study, a total of 5859 diarrhea samples were collected from different pig farms in China's Guangxi province during January 2020 and March 2024 and tested for PEDV using RT-qPCR. The positivity rate of PEDV was 11.

Molecular assessment of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations in Rhipicephalus microplus from Guangxi, China.

Background: Pyrethroid chemicals are one of the main acaricides used against ticks. Resistance to these chemicals has been reported to be associated with mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene of the Rhipicephalus microplus. This study investigates R.

One-step triplex TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus, and feline leukemia virus.

Background And Aim: Feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are prevalent throughout China and significantly threaten cat health. These viruses cause similar manifestations and pathological damage. Rapid and accurate diagnosis depends on detection in the laboratory.

Assessing a respiratory toxic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain: isolation, identification, pathogenicity, and immunological failure insights.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is caused by avian coronavirus and poses a global economic threat to the poultry industry. In 2023, a highly pathogenic IBV strain, IBV/CN/GD20230501, was isolated and identified from chickens vaccinated with IBV-M41 in Guangdong, China. This study comprehensively investigated the biological characteristics of the isolated IBV strain, including its genotype, whole genome sequence analysis of its S1 gene, pathogenicity, host immune response, and serum non-targeted metabolomics.

Spatiotemporal pattern and suitable areas analysis of equine influenza in global scale (2005-2022).

Equine influenza (EI) is a severe infectious disease that causes huge economic losses to the horse industry. Spatial epidemiology technology can explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and occurrence risks of infectious diseases, it has played an important role in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases in humans and animals. For the first time, this study conducted a systematic analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of EI using SaTScan software and investigated the important environmental variables and suitable areas for EI occurrence using the Maxent model.

Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine Influenza Virus, and Pseudorabies Virus via Quadruplex One-Step RT-qPCR.

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are significant viruses causing respiratory diseases in pigs. Sick pigs exhibit similar clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and dyspnea, making it very difficult to accurately differentially diagnose these diseases on site. In this study, a quadruplex one-step reverse-transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for the detection of PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV was established.