The lifespan trajectories of brain activities related to conflict-driven cognitive control.

Cognitive control is fundamental to human goal-directed behavior. Understanding its trajectory across the lifespan is crucial for optimizing cognitive function throughout life, particularly during periods of rapid development and decline. While existing studies have revealed an inverted U-shaped trajectory of cognitive control in both behavioral and anatomical domains, the age-related changes in functional brain activities remain poorly understood.

Chronically Stable, High-Resolution Micro-Electrocorticographic Brain-Computer Interfaces for Real-Time Motor Decoding.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication between individuals and computers or other assistive devices by decoding brain activity, thereby reconstructing speech and motor functions for patients with neurological disorders. This study presents a high-resolution micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) BCI based on a flexible, high-density µECoG electrode array, capable of chronically stable and real-time motor decoding. Leveraging micro-nano manufacturing technology, the µECoG BCI achieves a 64-fold increase in electrode density compared to conventional clinical electrode arrays, enhancing spatial resolution while featuring scalability.

Stage-specific requirement for METTL3-dependent mA epitranscriptomic regulation during myogenesis.

The regulatory role of N-methyladenosine (mA) modification in skeletal muscle myogenesis and muscle homeostasis remains poorly characterized, particularly regarding the functional significance of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), the catalytic subunit of the mA methyltransferase complex (MTC), in myogenic regulation. Through systematic investigation of mA epitranscriptomic remodeling during myogenesis, we demonstrate that METTL3-mediated mAs orchestrates myoblast fusion processes in both differentiation and regeneration contexts. Notably, we observed marked induction of Mettl3 expression post-injury, accompanied by substantial transcriptomic alterations in myogenesis-related pathways.

High-Precision, Low-Threshold Neuromodulation With Ultraflexible Electrode Arrays for Brain-to-Brain Interfaces.

Neuromodulation is crucial for advancing neuroscience and treating neurological disorders. However, traditional methods using rigid electrodes have been limited by large stimulating currents, low precision, and the risk of tissue damage. In this work, we developed a biocompatible ultraflexible electrode array that allows for both neural recording of spike firings and low-threshold, high-precision stimulation for neuromodulation.

Neuronal Endothelin a Receptor Mediates Experimental and Clinical Vascular Pain through an Endothelial-Neural Axis.

Vascular dysfunction causes vascular pain (VP), the most common clinical manifestation of prevalent vascular diseases, while the mechanisms remain elusive. Mouse models are developed by mimicking peripheral vascular diseases and combining multiple strategies to demonstrate that primary sensory neuronal endothelin A receptor (ETAR) mediates experimental and clinical VP through an endothelial-neural axis. Endothelial cells (ECs), but not macrophages or smooth muscle cells (SMCs), release endothelin-1 (ET-1) and directly activate primary sensory neurons by binding to ETAR on sensory neurons, resulting in VP.

All-in-one neuromorphic hardware with 2D material technology: current status and future perspective.

The exponential growth of data in the era of big data has led to a surging demand for computing power that outpaces the current pace of expansion in traditional computing architectures. Non-von Neumann architectures have emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. Concurrently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, including high carrier mobility, excellent physical responsivity (to photons, gases, tactile stimuli, ), and the potential for integration with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

Kinesin proteins HUG1 and HUG2 are essential for the formation and transportation of male germ units in Arabidopsis pollen tubes.

Flowering plants rely on double fertilization for their sexual reproduction. A pair of immotile sperm cells (SCs) are conveyed through a pollen tube into the female gametophyte, where they fertilize the egg cell and central cell to give rise to the embryo and endosperm in seeds, respectively. The SCs and the pollen vegetative nucleus (VN) move as a male germ unit (MGU) in pollen tubes.

DNFE: Directed network flow entropy for detecting tipping points during biological processes.

Typically, in dynamic biological processes, there is a critical state or tipping point that marks the transition from one stable state to another, surpassing which a considerable qualitative shift takes place. Identifying this tipping point and its driving network is essential to avert or delay disastrous outcomes. However, most traditional approaches built upon undirected networks still suffer from a lack of robustness and effectiveness when implemented based on high-dimensional small-sample data, especially for single-cell data.

From droplets to diagnosis: AI-driven imaging and system integration in digital nucleic acid amplification testing.

Digital nucleic acid amplification testing (dNAAT)-including digital PCR and isothermal techniques-has transformed precision diagnostics by enabling single-molecule quantification. However, its widespread adoption in point-of-care testing (POCT) remains limited by challenges in partitioning diversity, signal interpretation, and workflow integration. In this review, we provide the first systematic synthesis of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven fluorescence image analysis in dNAAT, detailing the evolution from classical classifiers to modern deep learning and foundation models (e.

More generosity, less inequity aversion? Neural correlates of fairness perception under social distance and of its relation to generosity.

Humans instinctively react negatively to inequity, while generosity counters this tendency. Previous studies show that both fairness perception and generosity involve balancing behaviors and motivations in social interactions. However, their relationship remains underexplored, limiting our understanding of the complex psychological processes underlying social behavior.

Neural Synchrony and Consumer Behavior: Predicting Friends' Behavior in Real-World Social Networks.

The endogenous aspect of social influence, reflected in the spontaneous alignment of behaviors within close social relationships, plays a crucial role in understanding human social behavior. In two studies involving 222 human subjects (Study 1:  = 175, 106 females; Study 2:  = 47, 33 females), we used a longitudinal behavioral study and a naturalistic stimuli neuroimaging study to investigate the endogenous consumer behavior similarities and their neural basis in real-world social networks. The findings reveal that friends, compared with nonfriends, exhibit higher similarity in product evaluation, which undergoes dynamic changes as the structure of social networks changes.

Reduction of neuronal activity mediated by blood-vessel regression in the adult brain.

The brain vasculature supplies neurons with glucose and oxygen, but little is known about how vascular plasticity contributes to brain function. Using longitudinal in vivo imaging, we report that a substantial proportion of blood vessels in the adult mouse brain sporadically occlude and regress. Their regression proceeds through sequential stages of blood-flow occlusion, endothelial cell collapse, relocation or loss of pericytes, and retraction of glial endfeet.

[Performance evaluation of a wearable steady-state visual evoked potential based brain-computer interface in real-life scenario].

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has high application value in the field of healthcare. However, in practical clinical applications, convenience and system performance should be considered in the use of BCI. Wearable BCIs are generally with high convenience, but their performance in real-life scenario needs to be evaluated.

stGuide advances label transfer in spatial transcriptomics through attention-based supervised graph representation learning.

The growing availability of spatial transcriptomics data offers key resources for annotating query datasets using reference datasets. However, batch effects, unbalanced reference annotations, and tissue heterogeneity pose significant challenges to alignment analysis. Here, we present stGuide, an attention-based supervised graph learning model designed for cross-slice alignment and efficient label transfer from reference to query datasets.

Engineered multi-domain lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery.

Engineered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a breakthrough in targeted drug delivery, enabling precise spatiotemporal control essential to treat complex diseases such as cancer and genetic disorders. However, the complexity of the delivery process-spanning diverse targeting strategies and biological barriers-poses significant challenges to optimizing their design. To address these, this review introduces a multi-domain framework that dissects LNPs into four domains: structure, surface, payload, and environment.

Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Auditory Responses in Comatose Patients.

Bedside monitoring of brain function in severely brain-injured patients remains a critical clinical challenge. We demonstrate the translational potential of functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging for this purpose. In 6 comatose patients (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8) with cranial windows after decompressive craniectomy, we used a 7.

ER-PM tether Syt1 limits cell-to-cell connectivity via plasmodesmata during innate immune responses in Arabidopsis.

Upon perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), plants close plasmodesmata (PD) as part of their innate immune responses. However, the signaling cascades and molecular mechanisms underlying MAMP-induced PD closure require further investigation. Here, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) tether Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) modulates the response of PD to MAMPs.

Endogenous Intermediate Template Guided Crystallization for High Performance FAPbCl UV Detector.

Lead-chloride perovskite is a promising candidate for the active layer of UV detectors. However, due to the high ionic character of chloride compound, it is difficult to form a ligand-lead adduct that guides the crystallization of perovskite, resulting in poor film quality and device performance. Herein, an endogenous intermediate template strategy is developed to guide the crystallization of lead-chloride perovskite FAPbCl (FA = formamidine).

Integrating physical units into high-performance AI-driven scientific computing.

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing scientific research across various disciplines. The foundation of scientific research lies in rigorous scientific computing based on standardized physical units. However, current mainstream high-performance numerical computing libraries for artificial intelligence generally lack native support for physical units, significantly impeding the integration of artificial intelligence methodologies into scientific research.

A pretrained transformer model for decoding individual glucose dynamics from continuous glucose monitoring data.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has grown rapidly to track real-time blood glucose levels and trends with improved sensor accuracy. The ease of use and wide availability of CGM will facilitate safe and effective decision making for diabetes management. Here, we developed an attention-based deep learning model, CGMformer, pretrained on a well-controlled and diverse corpus of CGM data to represent individual's intrinsic metabolic state and enable clinical applications.

A hybrid bioelectronic retina-probe interface for object recognition.

Retina converts light stimuli into spike firings, encoding abundant visual information critical for both fundamental studies of the visual system and therapies for visual diseases. However, probing these spikes directly from the retina is hindered by limited recording channels, insufficient contact between the retina and electrodes, and short operational lifetimes. In this study, we developed a perforated and flexible microelectrode array to achieve a robust retina-probe interface, ensuring high-quality detection of spike firings from hundreds of neurons.

Test-retest reliability of decisions under risk with outcome evaluation: evidence from behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) measures in 2 monetary gambling tasks.

The balance between potential gains and losses under risk, the stability of risk propensity, the associated reward processing, and the prediction of subsequent risk behaviors over time have become increasingly important topics in recent years. In this study, we asked participants to carry out 2 risk tasks with outcome evaluation-the monetary gambling task and mixed lottery task twice, with simultaneous recording of behavioral and electroencephalography data. Regarding risk behavior, we observed both individual-specific risk attitudes and outcome-contingent risky inclination following a loss outcome, which remained stable across sessions.

Osmosensor TMEM63B facilitates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.

Elevated glucose metabolism triggers two primary processes that lead to β-cell depolarization and insulin secretion: the closure of ATP-sensitive K channels via ATP-dependent mechanisms and the activation of mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) due to cell swelling. However, the identity of these MSCs remains unclear. In this study, we found that TMEM63B is a stretch-activated cation channel (SAC) crucial for regulating insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels.

Cation Channel TMEM63A Autonomously Facilitates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation at an Early Stage.

Accurate timing of myelination is crucial for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Here, we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in TMEM63A (c.1894G>A; p.