Electrophysiological activity predicts children's reading ability through orthographic awareness: Evidence from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

The relationship between brain activity and reading acquisition has been a research focus in recent years. In the current cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate whether and how resting-state (rs) and task-state brain electrophysiological activity would predict children's reading ability. Here, we tracked 73 primary school children' orthographic awareness, reading ability, and EEG signals during both rest and completed a Chinese character recognition task over two consecutive years.

Classification of Heterotic Groups and Prediction of Heterosis in Sorghum Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing.

Sorghum is a crucial food crop, and utilizing heterosis is significant for yield enhancement. To classify heterotic groups in sorghum, 96 inbred lines (48 male sterile lines and 48 restoring lines) were previously analyzed using whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) technology, from which 9691 high-quality SNP markers were obtained. In this study, the materials were divided into two groups-Group I (36 lines; predominantly restoring lines) and Group II (60 lines; mainly male sterile lines)-according to their genetic distances, and 8 lines were selected from each group for incomplete diallel crosses, producing 64 hybrid combinations for analyzing ten agronomic traits and their relationship with heterosis and combining ability.

A Comparison Between the Oddball Paradigm and the Multi-Feature Paradigm: Evidence From an Event-Related Potential Study on Processing Mandarin Vowels and Tones.

The multi-feature paradigm, despite its growing use in studies on MMN (mismatch negativity), faces challenges in broader adoption due to doubts about its efficacy compared to the oddball paradigm. More studies are needed to determine whether the multi-feature paradigm is sensitive to capture the MMN under complex auditory conditions, particularly in tonal languages like Mandarin. In the present study, Mandarin syllables were used as stimuli to examine differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) between the two paradigms.

Wear characteristics of armature surface and its thermal effects under different electromagnetic launch conditions.

The surface wear characteristics of the armature passing through the rail are crucial as they relate to the quality of electromagnetic launch and the lifespan of the device. Charging voltage and initial surface roughness are significant factors influencing wear behavior. It is urgent to clarify the evolution of armature wear patterns and fundamentally suppressing material damage.

Bismuth oxide-loaded indium-organic framework catalysts for efficient electrochemical CO reduction.

This study investigated electrocatalytic CO reduction using bismuth oxide-loaded indium-organic framework catalysts (MIL-68(In)). Bismuth incorporation increased the density of reactive sites, reduced the energy barrier for intermediate formation, and significantly enhanced formic acid production. In an H-type cell, the Bi@MIL-68(In) catalyst achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 96.

Music informer as an efficient model for music generation.

Music Transformer has been extensively employed in music generation, however, the self-attention mechanism consumes significant memory due to its complexity. To address this issue, Music Informer is proposed, drawing inspiration from the widely-used Informer model in fields like time series forecasting, weather prediction, etc. Music Informer primarily utilizes the ProbSparse self-attention mechanism, relative local attention mechanism, and LSTM structure.

Cytochrome P450s from the fungal symbiont of Sirex noctilio, Amylostereum areolatum: characterization, sequence analysis and their response to host terpenoids.

Amylostereum areolatum is the main symbiotic fungus of woodwasp (Sirex noctilio) and is an active participant in the large-scale death of Pinus sylvestris. Woodwasps and associated fungi resort to active detoxification mechanisms to overcome the toxicity of host defence chemicals, which consist of a multitude of monoterpenes and diterpenes. Since cytochrome P450 (CYP) is considered to have extensive detoxification capabilities in fungi, 35 CYP genes were identified from A.

Evaluation of changes in objective visual quality based on tear film stability after SMILE surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes in visual quality among myopic patients with varying tear film stability after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS II).

Methods: This prospective study analyzed 141 patients who underwent SMILE surgery, selecting the right eye of each patient for analysis. Objective visual quality and tear film stability were assessed using the OQAS II preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Two-dimensional alkali auride bimetallene semiconductors for activating photocatalytic water splitting: Synergistic interaction of electronegativity difference and carrier mobility.

Photocatalytic water splitting is of great value for the effective use of solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are excellent photocatalyst candidates due to their unique structural and electronic characteristics. In this study, employing first-principles assessments, we successful designed and demonstrated a set of 2D defect alkali auride bimetallene (MAu-v, M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) photocatalyts with high stability, suitable band edge, and high carrier mobility.

ER-PM tether Syt1 limits cell-to-cell connectivity via plasmodesmata during innate immune responses in Arabidopsis.

Upon perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), plants close plasmodesmata (PD) as part of their innate immune responses. However, the signaling cascades and molecular mechanisms underlying MAMP-induced PD closure require further investigation. Here, we show that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) tether Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) modulates the response of PD to MAMPs.

Effectiveness and safety of ICIs for the treatment of advanced CC: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has recently become a promising and innovative therapeutic option for patients suffering from advanced recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer(CC), and several studies of immunotherapy have been published or have revealed stage-by-stage results at international congresses. Nevertheless, there is a lack of meta-analyses of ICIs for advanced CC in past Meta-analysis.

Method: This meta-analysis rigorously followed the PRISMA guidelines, using Review Manager V.

Janus MoSiPAs Decorated with Transition Metal Atoms as Efficient Bifunctional HER/OER and OER/ORR Electrocatalysts.

It is of great importance to develop bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency and low cost for water splitting and fuel cells. Herein, based on the new emerging two-dimensional material of MoSiN, we explore the potentials of novel Janus MoSiPAs (labeled as MSPA) in electrocatalytic applications. We conduct a comprehensive study using first-principles calculations to explore the potential of Janus MoSiPAs decorated with 13 kinds of transition metal atoms as efficient bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) and oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR).

Comparing circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics for disease clustering detection.

The accuracy of spatial clustering detection is crucial for public health policy development and identifying etiological clues. Circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics are widely used for disease cluster detection, but differences in results arise mainly due to parameter sensitivity and variations in the scanning window shapes. This study aims to analyze the impact of parameter settings on the results of these methods and compare their performance in disease clustering detection.

Atomic structures and electronic properties of different contact surfaces for C F -SiO triboelectric nanogenerator based on first-principles investigations.

Modification of the dielectric friction layer materials is an ideal way to enhance the output performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), but current research mostly focuses on the metal-polymer or metal-SiO materials. In this work, we constructed different TENG models based on polymer C F -SiO electret materials, and the electronic properties of the different contact surfaces were investigated using first principles. We found that the charge transfer in C F -SiO materials occurred only at the contact interface, and it was partially affected by the terminal atoms near the SiO interface.

Grain boundary engineering for efficient and durable electrocatalysis.

Grain boundaries in noble metal catalysts have been identified as critical sites for enhancing catalytic activity in electrochemical reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction. However, conventional methods to modify grain boundary density often alter particle size, shape, and morphology, obscuring the specific role of grain boundaries in catalytic performance. This study addresses these challenges by employing gold nanoparticle assemblies to control grain boundary density through the manipulation of nanoparticle collision frequency during synthesis.

Molecular insight into oil displacement by CO flooding in water-cut dead-end nanopores.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying residual oil displacement by CO flooding is essential for CO-enhanced oil recovery. This study utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the displacement of residual oil by CO flooding in dead-end nanopores, focusing specifically on the water-blocking effect. The findings reveal that oil displacement does not commence until the water film is breached.

Correlation of time trends of air pollutants, greenspaces and tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer incidence and mortality among the adults in United States.

Background: Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung (TBL) cancer continues to represent the majority of cancer-related incidence and mortality in United States (U.S.).

miPEP31 alleviates Ang II-induced hypertension in mice by occupying Cebpα binding sites in the pri-miR-31 promoter.

Background: Previous studies have shown that peptides encoded by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as peptide drugs to alleviate diseases. We found that microRNA-31 (miR-31) is involved in the regulation of hypertension and that the peptide miPEP31, which is encoded by the primary transcript of miR-31 (pri-miR-31), can inhibit miR-31 expression. However, the role and mechanism of miPEP31 in hypertension have not been elucidated.

Prediction of Potential Distribution of in China under the Current and Future Climate Change.

is an important pest of , distributed in China, Korea, and Japan. In recent years, its damage to has become increasingly serious, causing enormous economic losses in China. This study and prediction of current and future suitable habitats for in China can provide an important reference for the monitoring, early warning, prevention, and control of the pest.

Tight Junction Component Occludin Binds to FIP5 to Regulate Endosome Trafficking and Mitotic Spindle Function.

The genetic basis of vertebrate emergence during metazoan evolution has remained largely unknown. Understanding vertebrate-specific genes, such as the tight junction protein Occludin (Ocln), may help answer this question. Here, it is shown that mammary glands lacking Ocln exhibit retarded epithelial branching, owing to reduced cell proliferation and surface expansion.

Targeting Tumor Heterogeneity by Breaking a Stem Cell and Epithelial Niche Interaction Loop.

Tumor heterogeneity, the presence of multiple distinct subpopulations of cancer cells between patients or among the same tumors, poses a major challenge to current targeted therapies. The way these different subpopulations interact among themselves and the stromal niche environment, and how such interactions affect cancer stem cell behavior has remained largely unknown. Here, it is shown that an FGF-BMP7-INHBA signaling positive feedback loop integrates interactions among different cell populations, including mammary gland stem cells, luminal epithelial and stromal fibroblast niche components not only in organ regeneration but also, with certain modifications, in cancer progression.

Sprouty genes regulate activated fibroblasts in mammary epithelial development and breast cancer.

Stromal fibroblasts are a major stem cell niche component essential for organ formation and cancer development. Fibroblast heterogeneity, as revealed by recent advances in single-cell techniques, has raised important questions about the origin, differentiation, and function of fibroblast subtypes. In this study, we show in mammary stromal fibroblasts that loss of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) negative feedback regulators encoded by Spry1, Spry2, and Spry4 causes upregulation of signaling in multiple RTK pathways and increased extracellular matrix remodeling, resulting in accelerated epithelial branching.