Understanding the toxicity induced by radiation-triggered neuroinflammation and the on-demand design of targeted peptide nanodrugs.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) represents a severe complication of cranial radiotherapy, substantially diminishing patients' quality of life. Unlike conventional brain injuries, RIBI evokes a unique chronic neuroinflammatory response that notably aggravates neurodegenerative processes. Despite significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms related to neuroinflammation, the specific and precise mechanisms that regulate neuroinflammation in RIBI and its associated toxicological effects remain largely unclear.

Nesfatin-1 ameliorates blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease by targeting VEGF-R1 and reducing cellular senescence in brain vascular endothelial cells.

Cellular senescence and associated endothelial permeability are crucial factors in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nesfatin-1 (NF-1), a neuropeptide involved in regulating appetite and energy homeostasis, has not been extensively studied for its pathophysiological role in AD. In this study, we found that NF-1 treatment improved cellular senescence in brain vascular endothelial bEnd.

Ambient air pollution exposure, mediating biomarkers and risk of COPD: a cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Limited evidence exists on air pollution's systemic impact on lung function and mediating biomarkers. This study comprehensively evaluated associations between air pollution, COPD and lung function, while exploring biomarker mediation.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 451 566 UK Biobank participants was conducted.

Substituting Superhalogens for the Fluorine Atom of 5-Fluorouracil: A New Approach to Modulate its Structure, Electronic Properties, and Chemical Reactivity.

The development of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) analogs contributes to overcome its side effects and drug resistance. To explore more 5-FU analogs, the substituent effect of BO, NO, and PO on the geometric structure, electronic properties, and reactivity of 5-FU has been systematically studied by density functional theory calculations and molecular docking in this article. It is revealed that the introduced superhalogens can not only form stable covalent bonds with the pyrimidine ring, like the original F atom in 5-FU, but also pose significant effect on the geometric and electronic structures of 5-FU.

Efficacy and safety of different doses of dexmedetomidine on gastrointestinal function recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Background: Postoperative gastrointestinal recovery affects hospital stay time and patient's quality of life. Studies suggest that the use of dexmedetomidine during the perioperative period can promote post operational recovery of gastrointestinal function.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of dexmedetomidine on postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Association between pan-immune inflammatory value and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database (2008-2022).

Background: Systemic inflammation and immune responses are key contributors to the onset and progression of ischemic stroke, influencing both tissue damage and repair. This study investigates the association between the pan-immune inflammatory value (PIV)-a composite biomarker derived from routine blood tests-and all-cause mortality (ACM) in critically ill ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: We extracted data from the MIMIC-IV (v3.

China Expert consensus on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of infections in hematological disorders (2024).

Infections are frequent complications in patients with hematological disorders, and pathogen diagnosis remains challenging. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased high-throughput technology that has been widely applied in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, to date, there are no established international guidelines or expert consensuses regarding the use of mNGS to diagnose infections in patients with hematologic disorders.

Spatial heterogeneity reveals an evolutionary signature predicting therapeutic response and clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is a prominent characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains unexplored whether intra-tumoral transcriptomic differences can capture crucial information regarding HCC evolution and be utilized to derive a predictive signature for patient's clinical trajectories.

Methods: We quantified transcriptomic heterogeneity using four multiregional HCC cohorts comprising 172 samples from 37 patients, and validated transcriptomic heterogeneity and spatial dynamics using multiregional single-cell transcriptomic profiling of 110,817 cells from 34 liver specimens.

Application value of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in assessing blood supply during laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.

The aim of the present study was to explore the application value of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. The clinical and pathological data of 12 patients with rectal cancer admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Quanzhou, China) between January and May 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on these patients.

Clinical-oriented 3D visualization and quantitative analysis of gingival thickness using convolutional neural networks and CBCT.

Objective: Traditional gingival thickness (GT) assessment methods provide only point measurements or simple classifications, lacking spatial distribution information. This study aimed to develop a CBCT-based 3D visualization system for gingival thickness using deep learning, providing a novel spatial assessment tool for implant surgery planning.

Methods: CBCT and intraoral scanning (IOS) data from 50 patients with tooth loss were collected to establish a standardized dataset.

Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing two subtypes, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease, is a chronic, non-specific gastrointestinal disorder with a complex etiology stemming from various factors. The incidence of IBD has been steadily rising in the past few years, causing great physical and mental strain on patients. Traditional IBD therapeutic drugs include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biologics; however, they may have serious adverse effects.

Patient-Reported Outcomes and Body Composition Changes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer During Chemotherapy: A Longitudinal Study.

To investigate the changes in self-reported outcomes and body composition among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients over the course of chemotherapy and differences in body composition among different self-reported trajectory subgroups. Prospective longitudinal study. This longitudinal study surveyed 201 CRC patients from a cancer hospital in Fuzhou, China.

Adverse events of pexidartinib for the treatment of TGCT: a real-world disproportionality analysis using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Introduction: Pexidartinib, an oral selective colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, is the only systemic therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).

Population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo-based dosing optimization of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

This study aimed to develop population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models for intravenous sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) to optimize dosing regimens for the treatment of pneumonia using these models. A prospective study was conducted in 79 patients treated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PopPK models were developed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling to evaluate the effects of liver function, kidney function, and genetic polymorphisms ( and ) on pharmacokinetic parameters.

Application and efficacy of a self-made minimally invasive transverse cross-link in percutaneous pedicle screw surgery.

To design a minimally invasive transverse cross-link for use in percutaneous pedicle screw fixation surgery and to explore and observe its clinical application value. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 50 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated with percutaneous pedicle screws was conducted. A self-made, minimally invasive transverse cross-link was implanted during surgery.

Case report: Secondary neck mass infection in a patient with multiple osteomyelitis caused by Corynebacterium striatum.

Rationale: The opportunistic pathogen Corynebacterium striatum has been generating more clinical infections in recent years, but secondary infections at different parts caused by it have been reported more rarely.

Patient Concerns: This case details a 52-year-old male patient who got an infection that advanced to multiple osteomyelitis and soft tissue abscess after block therapy for external humeral epicondylitis of the right arm. Unexpectedly, the chronic ulcerated region of the patient's neck was infested with Corynebacterium striatum due to inadequate treatment of the main infection, resulting in a secondary infection of the neck mass.

Meta-analysis of serum amyloid A for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: A comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.

Background: Neonatal sepsis remains a major clinical challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality, necessitating reliable diagnostic markers for early detection. This meta-analysis evaluates the potential of serum amyloid A (SAA) as a diagnostic biomarker for neonatal sepsis, given its role in the acute inflammatory response.

Methods: Computerized searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were conducted to collect relevant studies on the diagnostic role of SAA in neonatal sepsis.

Causal relationship between vitamin D and adult height: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Vitamin D is critical for skeletal growth, but its causal link to adult height remains uncertain due to limitations in observational studies and randomized controlled trials. This study aimed to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and adult height using Mendelian randomization (MR). A bidirectional 2-sample MR analysis was performed with large-scale genome-wide association study data.

Perfluorohexyloctane Eye Drops in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial.

Purpose: Sex hormone changes, often occurring during menopause, are implicated in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to evaluate whether menopausal status affects the treatment outcomes of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops.

Methods: This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 3 trial (NCT05515471) of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops in patients with DED associated with MGD.

Sex- and age- differences in the expression of critical blood-brain barrier regulators: a physiological context.

Background: Available evidence indicates that blood-brain-barrier (BBB) dysfunction exacerbates with the advancing age and is implicated in a variety of neurological diseases and that there are significant sex differences in these diseases. However, the sex differences and age-related changes in BBB structure and function are still unclear under physiological conditions.

Methods: In this study, the mRNA was extracted from the cortical tissues and brain microvessels of male and female mice aged 3 months and 10 months to detect the expression of important BBB-related genes by qPCR.

The osteogenic effect of 3D-printed bone grafting guides in PAOO: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) effectively increases alveolar bone volume and broadens orthodontic treatment options. However, bone grafting during PAOO faces challenges such as graft displacement, membrane collapse, and insufficient coronal bone regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate whether 3D-printed digital bone grafting guides could improve graft stability and alveolar bone regeneration compared with conventional PAOO.

The effect of resistance training for older adults with cognitive frailty: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive decline and the progression to dementia are hastened in individuals with cognitive frailty. Exercise interventions benefit cognitive function in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or frailty. While the optimal implementation of resistance training for cognitive frailty is still being explored.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting hyperphosphatemia in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Elevated serum phosphate levels are strongly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for hyperphosphatemia in patients with non-dialysis CKD and use the findings to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing hyperphosphatemia risk.

Methods: Data of patients with CKD discharged from the Department of Nephrology between January 2021 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Gut microbiota analysis revealed unique biomarkers in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis.

Objectives: In this paper, the different characteristics of gut microbiota between Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Healthy Control (HC), and Non-radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) were studied. The AS-nr-axSpA differentiation model was constructed to identify patients with these two phenotypes and help doctors make accurate diagnosis.

Methods: Stool samples and blood samples of AS, nr-axSpA, and HC were collected from our hospital.