Light-emitting diode-derived blue light overexposure accelerates corneal endothelial cell aging by inducing abnormal ROS accumulation.

Blue light, defined as short-wavelength visible light ranging from 400 to 500 nm, is recognized for its high energy within the visible light spectrum. The prevalent use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has significantly increased exposure to blue light. Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) playing a crucial role in maintaining corneal transparency to get clear visual field.

Blue light pollution induces dry eye by damaging conjunctival stem cells through cAMP-PKA-Pax6 signaling pathway.

Purpose: Blue light exposure constitutes a risk factor for dry eye. The research explores the influence of conjunctival stem cells (CjSCs) by blue light, elucidating the pathogenesis of blue light-induced dry eye.

Materials And Methods: Primary SD rat CjSCs and rats were irradiated with blue light at 460 nm.

L009 peptide as a novel antiangiogenic agent for corneal neovascularization via regulation of the TNFSF15-VEGF axis.

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of vision impairment, with existing therapeutic options offering limited efficacy. This study presents L009, a novel antiangiogenic agent derived from the Kringle 5 domain of human plasminogen, specifically a heptapeptide, designed to treat CNV. In preclinical models, L009 demonstrated substantial efficacy by markedly inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, reducing vascular permeability, and maintaining ocular safety.

A bioequivalent cornea cross-linking method using photo-initiators LAP and visible light.

Although cell-encapsulating hydrogels are of tremendous interest in regenerative medicine, few of them have been used in clinics and rarely used natural extracellular matrices as polymer precursors. One successful example is to use riboflavin (RF)/ultraviolet A (UVA) to cross-link corneal collagen, which has been used in clinics to halt disease progression in patients with corneal ectatic diseases. However, high-energy UVA and its action on RF cause tissue damage, particularly irreversible endothelium loss, and thus standard RF/UVA protocol may have limitations in treating patients at the advanced stage with thin cornea.

Bioinspired phosphorylated cellulose nanocrystals-based multi-crosslinked binder for enhanced stability and sustainability in silicon anodes.

Silicon (Si) is a promising anode for high-energy-density batteries, but its ~300 % volume expansion causes particle fracture and electrode instability. Effective binders are essential for maintaining electrode integrity. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of natural ivy, we developed a small-molecule-enhanced polymer binder derived from phosphorylated cellulose nanocrystals (PCNCs) and acrylic acid rosin to enhance the electrochemical and mechanical performance of Si anodes.

Prostaglandin F2α exacerbated dry eye by promoting lacrimal gland fibrosis progression through the activation of the RhoA/ROCKs signaling pathway.

Purpose: To investigate Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) expression in dry eye (DE) patients and its correlation with clinical manifestations, exploring potential mechanisms in DE.

Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study including 21 DE patients and 16 controls. PGF2α levels were detected by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Biomimetic Metal-Organic Antioxidant Eye Drops for Corneal Neovascularization: Visible-Light-Triggered CO Release for Microenvironment Regulation.

As the primary photosensitive region, the ocular surface is susceptible to significant oxidative stress and inflammation. The development and progression of corneal neovascularization (CNV) are closely associated with these conditions. By utilizing the photosensitive properties of the cornea, we present novel biomimetic antioxidant eye drops capable of releasing carbon monoxide (CO) gas signaling molecules under visible light.

Current Pharmaceutical Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice.

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a group of chronic abnormalities of meibomian glands (MGs), which is recognised as the leading cause of evaporative dry eye. MGD is characterised by obstruction of the terminal ducts and/or alterations in the glandular secretion, which culminates in alterations in tear film stability, inflammation and ocular irritation. Lately, several physical therapies have been developed clinically, including warming compress and massage, eyelid hygiene, as well as advanced approaches such as intraductal probing, thermal pulsation and intense pulsed light therapy.

Optimal infiltration depth threshold for low-temperature plasma ablation in fungal keratitis.

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors and their optimal thresholds influencing the treatment outcome of low-temperature plasma ablation therapy in patients with fungal keratitis (FK).

Methods: The clinical information of fifty-one patients with FK treated with low-temperature plasma ablation at Xiamen Eye Center from 2018 to 2024 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into Responder and Non-Responder groups based on their response to treatment: complete/partial healing (Responder group) versus disease progression or need for additional surgery (Non-Responder group).

Recent Achievements and Perspectives in Smart Nano-in-Micro Platforms for Ocular Disease Treatment.

Ocular diseases present unique therapeutic challenges due to the complex anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye. Conventional drug delivery systems often suffer from poor bioavailability, rapid clearance, and inadequate targeting, limiting their clinical efficacy. Recent advances in smart nano-in-micro (NIM) platforms have emerged as a transformative strategy, combining the precision of nanoscale drug carriers with the stability and sustained-release capabilities of microscale matrices.

Long-term senolytic therapy with Dasatinib and Quercetin alleviates lipofuscin-dependent retinal degeneration in mice.

Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common blinding eye diseases, with pathological hallmarks of lipofuscin accumulation, neuroretina atrophy and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration. Currently, there are no effective interventions for dry AMD. Although there is already evidence suggesting a link between cellular senescence and age-related diseases, it is still unclear whether long-term senolytic therapy with Dasatinib and Quercetin (D + Q) can slow the progression of dry AMD and ultimately prevent retinal structural damage and function loss.

Drug-related visual blurring: findings from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database.

Background: Visual blurring is one of the most common symptoms in ophthalmology, and one of the important causes of secondary visual blurring is drug-related. This study assesses the risk of drug-related visual blurring using a large real-world database.

Methods: We analyzed adverse event reports from the U.

Deprotonation of isoazatruxene enables photocatalytic arylation and phosphorylation of (hetero)aryl halides.

Isoazatruxene and its derivatives, which can be readily synthesized cyclotrimerization, have been discovered as novel organic photocatalysts with high catalytic performance. However, the -unsubstituted isoazatruxene (ITN-1) shows poor absorption in the visible region. Herein, we report that treatment of ITN-1 with CsCO generates the N-centered isoazatruxene anionic species (ITN3-), which exhibits enhanced visible-light absorption and potent reducing ability.

Topical delivery of cultivated limbal stem cells via porous photocurable hydrogel: A noninvasive, convenient, and efficient stem cells delivery strategy for limbal stem cell deficiency.

Topical administration of stem cells is one of the simplest approaches to stem cell-based therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Without timely supplementation of deficient stem cells, LSCD may worsen, carrying a high risk of blindness in severe cases. However, challenges such as stem cell loss, poor cell attachment, short retention time, and phenotypic transformation of stem cells limit the efficiency of direct stem cell delivery.

Effects of different anesthetic drugs on electroretinography in mice.

Electrophysiology (ERG) is widely used for retinal function assessment, but the effects of different anesthetics on ERG recordings, particularly in degenerated retinas, remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of different anesthetic drugs on ERG in wild-type (WT), Kv8.2 knockout (KO), and rd10 mice.

Retinoic acid promotes conjunctival epithelium differentiation and goblet cell regeneration: evidence from novel 3D conjunctival organoids and whole-mount PAS staining.

Purpose: To investigate the differentiation effects of retinoic acid on primary conjunctival epithelium using both 2D and 3D models, and to evaluate its in vivo effects on conjunctival epithelium and goblet cells in mice using a novel goblet cell assessment method.

Methods: The differentiation effects of retinoic acid were evaluated in vitro using 2D culture and 3D organoid models. Under 2D conditions, differentiation was assessed using qRT-PCR, light microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis for goblet cell markers.

Metformin inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization but promotes retinal fibrosis in experimental neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of metformin on retinal neovascularization and fibrosis in a mouse model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: Very low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout ( ) mice, a mouse model of nAMD, were used in this study. mice were administered metformin on postnatal day (P) 20 for 20 days (early stage of pathological change) or at 5.

Evaluation of Nano-Niclosamide in Killing In Vitro and the Potential Application in Ocular Surface.

Blepharitis is a condition often caused by infestations, resulting in significant ocular discomfort and surface damage. Current treatments offer only temporary relief and fail to eliminate mites effectively. This study evaluates nano-niclosamide (nano-NCL), a lipophilic nanosuspension designed to enhance solubility and permeability, for targeting .

Interfacial engineered biomass-derived G/VMT-PCNCs networks as high-performance proton-conducting humidity sensors.

In this study, a novel proton-conducting film was strategically engineered by interfacial manipulation of green and sustainable biomass resources guanine and phosphorylated cellulose nanocrystals (PCNCs) within vermiculite layers. The interfacial engineering approach involved regulation of molecular interactions at the vermiculite-organic interface, whereby PCNCs were incorporated into the interlayers of guanine/vermiculite composites. This interfacial assembly process guided guanine to form tubular structures or ultrathin nanosheets architectures, enabling the fabrication of guanine/vermiculite-PCNCs (G/VMT-PCNCs) composite films with an active-site-rich and tightly interconnected network via a vacuum-assisted process.

Advancing ophthalmology with large language models: Applications, challenges, and future directions.

In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, large language models (LLMs), as powerful tools, are expected to transform traditional medical practices and improve medical efficiency and quality. In the field of ophthalmology, LLMs not only assist doctors in diagnosing eye diseases, optimizing treatment recommendations, improving medical record-writing efficiency, and providing educational training support, but also offer strong support for ophthalmic researchers in data processing and innovative research. LLMs, however, face numerous challenges in clinical applications, such as knowledge boundaries, AI hallucinations, and data privacy protection.

Exposure of A2E to blue light promotes ferroptosis in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Background: Age-dependent accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is closely related to the etiology of autosomal recessive Stargardt's disease (STGD1) and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) is a leading component of RPE lipofuscin that is highly susceptible to blue light. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides to a lethal level, which plays an important role in retinal diseases.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α affects corneal epithelial wound healing.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) on corneal epithelial wound healing.

Methods: Ten-week-old PPARα knockout ( ) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and ex vivo cultured human corneal epithelial cells were used to investigate the function of PPARα on corneal epithelial wound healing. A two-millimeter diameter of the mice's central corneal epithelium was removed to induce corneal epithelial injury.

Assessment of the clonal growth potential of meibomian gland stem/progenitor cells via clonal analysis.

Purpose: Clonal analysis is a feasible method to evaluate the status of stem/progenitor cells in epidermal or limbus investigations. This study aimed to evaluate the clonal growth potential of meibomian gland (MG) epithelial cells using clonal analysis.

Methods: Mouse and human MG tissues were isolated and cocultured with 3T3 feeder cells.

Disrupted Mitochondrial Dynamics Impair Corneal Epithelial Healing in Neurotrophic Keratopathy.

Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease characterized by impaired corneal sensitivity and epithelial repair that is often linked to sensory nerve dysfunction. To establish a clinically relevant model and explore the mechanisms underlying NK pathogenesis, we developed a novel mouse model through partial transection of the ciliary nerve. This approach mimics the progressive nature of NK, reproducing key clinical features such as corneal epithelial defects, reduced sensitivity, diminished tear secretion, and delayed wound healing.