Amorphous polymers separate small organic molecules with switchable selective states.

Structured porous materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), are being intensely developed because they can separate small molecules via precisely constructed and uniformly sized pores, despite challenges that hinder practical use. Polymers are structurally amorphous; hence, they are not considered fundamentally capable of separating different organic molecules. This manuscript reports that amorphous polymers can be prepared to separate different small organic molecules (i.

Advances in recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for bladder cancer from 2015 to 2024: Innovations and challenges.

Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is commonly treated by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, but its efficacy is limited. Research into recombinant BCG (rBCG) aims to enhance its effectiveness and minimize side effects through genetic modifications.

Objective: This review explored advancements in rBCG therapy (2015 - 2024), focusing on genetic modifications designed to enhance cytokine production, introduce bacterial effectors, and boost immune responses.

Epidemiological characteristics of acute viral and mycoplasma respiratory infections in Yongzhou, China: a retrospective descriptive study.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are major global public health concerns. Understanding the epidemiological characteristics and evolution patterns of respiratory pathogens before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is crucial for disease control and prevention. This study identified the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen distribution in hospitalized patients with ARIs in Yongzhou, China.

Autophagy-to-Apoptosis Conversion Mediated by GIMAP7 Exhibit Anti-RSV Action.

RSV is a notable respiratory pathogen. GIMAP7, an essential member of the immune protein family, might mitigate RSV infection. The aim of this project is to determine GIMAP7's function during RSV infection and evolve drugs targeting it.

Ambulatory physiological state dynamics predict proximal behavioral markers of affect regulation in everyday life.

Human physiology reflects the body's capacity for self-regulation that is crucial for flexible adaptation to changing environmental demands. Leveraging wearable sensors and machine learning, we aimed to uncover latent physiological states from ambulatory recordings of cardiac, respiratory, and activity signals that correspond with self-reported momentary affective processes, with implications for informing just-in-time adaptive interventions. Fifty-one participants with remitted major depressive disorder and 42 healthy controls completed 7-day ecological momentary assessments of affect, affect regulation, and momentary impulsivity while their heart rate variability, respiration, and movement were passively monitored.

Prostaglandin F2α exacerbated dry eye by promoting lacrimal gland fibrosis progression through the activation of the RhoA/ROCKs signaling pathway.

Purpose: To investigate Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) expression in dry eye (DE) patients and its correlation with clinical manifestations, exploring potential mechanisms in DE.

Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study including 21 DE patients and 16 controls. PGF2α levels were detected by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).

Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Target the Liver to Improve Neurovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exacerbates metabolic dysregulation and neurovascular complications, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. We demonstrate, using SPECT/CT imaging, that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) predominantly accumulate in the liver, where they deliver miR-31-5p to suppress platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) produced by hepatic macrophages. This intervention impedes NAFLD progression and establishes a mechanistic link between liver repair and neurovascular improvement.

AEBP1 as a promising therapeutic target for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Convergent evidence from Mendelian randomization and functional validation.

Background: The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely related to skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR). Currently, there is still a lack of relevant treatments. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) is a vital tool for identifying druggable targets in skeletal muscle to develop T2DM treatments.

Construction of Metal-NO Sites on Poly(ionic liquid) for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic CO Reduction.

In this study, atomically dispersed metal catalysts of Salen-PIL(M) (M = Zn and Cu) for electrochemical CO-to-C conversion were fabricated by polymerization of a vinyl-decorated ionic liquid (IL) monomer bearing a Salen-M moiety with -diethylbenzene. The characterization results indicated that the Salen-Zn/Cu complex was atomically dispersed in the PIL skeleton. They differed significantly in the electron transfer speed to CO, CO affinity, and HO activation, which influenced both the activity and selectivity toward CO or CH.

Astrocytic modulation of GABA transmission in the VTA limits progression of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice.

Stressors can induce anxiety and depression by altering dopaminergic neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the precise modulation of dopaminergic neurons in response to stressors remains largely unclear. Here, we report that stress-responsive VTA astrocytes attenuate the inhibition of dopaminergic neurons and mitigate the progression of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adult mice.

Antibacterial activity and potential mechanisms of plumbagin against and its application in milk.

() is highly infectious and harmful, causing serious damage to human health and economic losses. Plant-derived component plumbagin (PLB) is regarded as an alternative to traditional fungicides for its natural, safe, and strong antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity and mechanism of PLB against were investigated by membrane damage measurement, metabolomics, and molecular docking.

Case Report: Kyrieleis plaques in an unusual Behcet's disease uveitis.

Kyrieleis plaques are a rare retinal manifestation that has rarely been reported in Behcet's disease uveitis. We report the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with Behçet's disease uveitis combined with central serous chorioretinopathy. Laboratory studies showed positive for human leukocyte antigen B51.

Topical delivery of cultivated limbal stem cells via porous photocurable hydrogel: A noninvasive, convenient, and efficient stem cells delivery strategy for limbal stem cell deficiency.

Topical administration of stem cells is one of the simplest approaches to stem cell-based therapy for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Without timely supplementation of deficient stem cells, LSCD may worsen, carrying a high risk of blindness in severe cases. However, challenges such as stem cell loss, poor cell attachment, short retention time, and phenotypic transformation of stem cells limit the efficiency of direct stem cell delivery.

Advances in the study of Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides: structural characterization, bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation regulation.

Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharides (OJPS), the principal bioactive constituents isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus, demonstrate substantial physiological efficacy. OJPS is characterized by a high molecular weight, typically ranging from 2.48 to 324.

Multi-omics insights into growth and fruiting body development in the entomopathogenic fungus .

is an entomopathogenic fungus with significant potential for research and development due to its ease of cultivation. However, the lack of omics-based studies has limited our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing its growth and fruiting body development. This study employed a multi-omics approach, integrating genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.

Mechanistic Advances in Hypoglycemic Effects of Natural Polysaccharides: Multi-Target Regulation of Glycometabolism and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk.

Natural polysaccharides (NPs), as a class of bioactive macromolecules with multitarget synergistic regulatory potential, exhibit significant advantages in diabetes intervention. This review systematically summarizes the core hypoglycemic mechanisms of NPs, covering structure-activity relationships, integration of the gut microbiota-metabolism-immunity axis, and regulation of key signaling pathways. Studies demonstrate that the molecular weight, branch complexity, and chemical modifications of NPs mediate their hypoglycemic activity by influencing bioavailability and target specificity.

A scoping review of advancements in machine learning for glaucoma: current trends and future direction.

Introduction: Machine learning technology has demonstrated significant potential in glaucoma research, particularly in early diagnosis, predicting disease progression, evaluating treatment responses, and developing personalized treatment strategies. The application of machine learning not only enhances the understanding of the pathological mechanism of glaucoma and optimizes the diagnostic process but also provides patients with accurate medical services.

Methods: This study aimed to describe the current state of research, highlight directions for further development, and identify potential trends for improvement.

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of EZH2 in Nasal Diseases.

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a protein encoded by the EZH2 gene, is a crucial subunit in polycomb repressive complex 2. EZH2 controls the transcription of genes critical for cell proliferation, differentiation, amplification, and function through both methylated and unmethylated functions. EZH2 is considered to be a transcriptional suppressor protein when it controls histone methylation.

Autonomic Inertia as a Proximal Risk Marker for Moments of Perseverative Cognition in Everyday Life in Remitted Depression.

Trait perseverative cognition (PC) is associated with inflexible autonomic activity and risk for depressive recurrence. However, the identification of dynamic psychophysiological markers of PC that fluctuate within individuals over time could facilitate the passive detection of moments when PC occurs in daily life. Using intensively sampled data across 1 week (3x/day) in adults with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and never-depressed controls (CONs), we investigated the utility of monitoring ambulatory autonomic complexity to predict moments of PC engagement in everyday life.

Alterations in microarchitecture and network integrity in diffusion tensor images of children with marginal intelligence or intellectual disabilities.

Purpose: To investigate damage to fiber bundles and brain networks in children with marginal intelligence (MI) or intellectual disability (ID) by using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequences.

Methods: Thirty healthy children, 25 with MI, 35 with ID, and 32 with both ID and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) underwent 3.0 T MRI scans, including DTI sequences.

Ceratostigma willmottianum mineralizes atmospheric carbon dioxide into calcium carbonate in a high-calcium environment.

Calcium carbonate biomineralization is an ancient evolutionary feature of life that plays a key role in environmental adaptation. In plants, calcium carbonate deposition is found in several taxa; however, current knowledge of its formation and ecological adaptive implication is limited. Here, we used the chalk gland plant Ceratostigma willmottianum to gain insight into calcium carbonate biomineralization.

Evaluation of Nano-Niclosamide in Killing In Vitro and the Potential Application in Ocular Surface.

Blepharitis is a condition often caused by infestations, resulting in significant ocular discomfort and surface damage. Current treatments offer only temporary relief and fail to eliminate mites effectively. This study evaluates nano-niclosamide (nano-NCL), a lipophilic nanosuspension designed to enhance solubility and permeability, for targeting .

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the threatened ornamental plant Hibiscus yunnanensis.

Hibiscus yunnanensis S.Y. Hu is an endangered species of the genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae), which has high potential economic value.

Method for Selecting the Down-Sampling Factor of Photoacoustic Image by Using Cumulative Power Difference in Frequency Domain.

As a novel non-invasive imaging technology, a constraint of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is its imaging speed. Often, PAM utilizes sparse spatial sampling, which necessitates extensive prior experimentation to accurately select the down-sampling factors. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a frequency-domain evaluation index, cumulative power difference (CPD), for rapid selection of the optimal down-sampling factor.

Remdesivir and Obeldesivir Retain Potent Antiviral Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants.

As new SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is important to evaluate the potency of antiviral drugs to support their continued use. Remdesivir (RDV; VEKLURY) an approved antiviral treatment for COVID-19, and obeldesivir (ODV) are inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Nsp12. Here we show these two compounds retain antiviral activity against the Omicron variants BA.