Dual-Gas Sensor Employing Wavelength-Stabilized Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy and H-Infinity Filtering Algorithm.

A compact dual-gas sensor based on the two near-infrared distributed feedback diode lasers and a multipass cell has been established for the simultaneous measurement of methane (CH) and acetylene (CH). The time division multiplexing calibration-free direct absorption spectroscopy is used to eliminate the cross interference in the application of multicomponent gas sensors. A wavelength stabilization technique based on the proportion integration differentiation feedback control is developed to suppress laser wavelength drift and an H-infinity (H) filter algorithm to reduce the system noise.

Ultrastable Imidazole-linked Porous Organic Cages for Ammonia Capture and Detection.

Here, we report the facile synthesis of imidazole-linked porous organic cages (IPOCs) via an in situ cyclization reaction protocol. Specifically, three IPOCs with [2+4] lantern-like structures and one with a [3+6] triangular prism structure were successfully prepared through condensation reactions between tetraformyl-functionalized calix[4]arene and bis(o-phenylenediamine) monomers in a single pot. Notably, these IPOCs exhibit high porosity, with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas reaching up to 1162 m g.

Boosted antibiotic degradation using magnetite nanoparticles doped ultrafine activated charcoal powder to activate HO: Insights into mechanisms and competitive kinetics.

The treatment of antibiotic wastewater often faces the challenge of simultaneously and effectively degrading multiple components under complex conditions. To address this challenge, magnetite nanoparticles doped ultrafine activated charcoal powder (MNPs/UACP), which effectively catalyzed the decomposition of HO into •OH and HO•, was prepared using chemical co-precipitation. Under optimum conditions (i.

Lignin fractionation and condensation in aromatic-additive-assisted acidic pretreatment and their influence on lignin's effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis.

Factors influencing inhibition of lignin on the enzymatic hydrolysis have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to elucidate the effects of lignin fractionation and condensation on its inhibition on enzymatic hydrolysis in aromatic-additive-assisted acidic pretreatment using 2-naphthol (2 N), 2-naphthol-7-sulfonate (NS), and resorcinol (RS). Through simulation reactions of pretreatment and physiochemical analyses of ethanol-extractable lignins (ELs) and cellulolytic enzyme lignins (CELs) from pretreatment, it was observed that 2 N addition in the acidic pretreatment could suppress lignin condensation.

Highly flexible free-standing bacterial cellulose-based filter membrane with tunable wettability for high-performance water purification.

Water purification has always been a critical yet challenging issue. In this study, an organic-inorganic composite membrane was developed using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and hydroxyapatite nanowires (HAPNW) with tunable wettability for advanced membrane separation applications. The resulting free-standing TEMPO-BC/HAPNW filter membrane exhibited strong mechanical strength, high flexibility, exceptional deformability, and a high pure water flux of up to 800 L·m·h due to its porous architecture and inherent hydrophilicity.

Energy management strategy for methanol hybrid commercial vehicles based on improved dung beetle algorithm optimization.

In order to solve the problem of poor adaptability and robustness of the rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) in hybrid commercial vehicles, leading to suboptimal vehicle economy, this paper proposes an improved dung beetle algorithm (DBO) optimized multi-fuzzy control EMS. First, the rule-based EMS is established by dividing the efficient working areas of the methanol engine and power battery. The Tent chaotic mapping is then used to integrate strategies of cosine, Lévy flight, and Cauchy Gaussian mutation, improving the DBO.

Mitochondrial SO-Activated NIR Photodiagnostic Agent Harnessing Hydroxyl Radicals for Efficient Inflammation Eradication and Tumor Suppression.

At present, some progress has been made in developing NIR light-responsive free radical generators. However, the efficacy of theranostics continues to be hindered by tumor-associated inflammatory reactions. Hence, fulfilling the in situ release of free radicals upon NIR light excitation specifically activated by the inflammation microenvironment would be an ideal strategy for efficient inflammation eradication and tumor suppression but remains a challenge.

Using ERPs to unveil the authenticity evaluation and neural response to online rumors.

The rapid propagation of information in the digital epoch has brought a surge of rumors, creating a significant societal challenge. While prior research has primarily focused on the psychological aspects of rumors-such as the beliefs, behaviors, and persistence they evoke-there has been limited exploration of how rumors are processed in the brain. In this study, we experimented to examine both behavioral responses and EEG data during rumor detection.

A study on the detection of conductor quantity in cable cores based on YOLO-cable.

The quantity of cable conductors is a crucial parameter in cable manufacturing, and accurately detecting the number of conductors can effectively promote the digital transformation of the cable manufacturing industry. Challenges such as high density, adhesion, and knife mark interference in cable conductor images make intelligent detection of conductor quantity particularly difficult. To address these challenges, this study proposes the YOLO-cable model, which is an improvement made upon the YOLOv10 model.

Support-Layer Integrated Zeolite Membranes through In Situ Interfacial Transformation of Clay-Based Protomembranes.

Zeolite membranes are considered ideal inorganic membrane materials for separating mixtures with molecular-level differences. However, their complex preparation process with excessive synthesis solutions for traditional hydrothermal heating methods leads to various drawbacks. Here, we describe a membrane preparation strategy involving an in situ interfacial transformation of the protomembrane without solvents.

Effective enhancement of ramie anaerobic continuous flow degumming by chitosan and its microbiological mechanism.

Based on a novel bio-degumming system, the effect of chitosan on the degumming effect of ramie was investigated. The degumming effect indexes before and after the addition of chitosan were assessed, and the enzyme activities (pectinase, xylanase, ligninase and cellulase) were detected. Meanwhile changes in microbial community structure were evaluated.

Pedestrians' perceptions, fixations, and decisions towards automated vehicles with varied appearances.

Future automated vehicles (AVs) are anticipated to feature innovative exteriors, such as textual identity indications, external radars, and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs), as evidenced by current and forthcoming on-road testing prototypes. However, given the vulnerability of pedestrians in road traffic, it remains unclear how these novel AV appearances will impact pedestrians' crossing behaviour, especially in relation to their multimodal performance, including subjective perceptions, gaze patterns, and road-crossing decisions. To address this gap, this study pioneers an investigation into the influence of AVs' exterior design, in conjunction with their kinematics, on pedestrians' road-crossing perception and decision-making.

Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Endurance Running Performance in the Heat.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy that may enhances endurance performance in thermoneutral environments. Exercising in the heat increases thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain, decreasing endurance performance. The current study aimed to determine whether IPC administration improves endurance performance in the heat.

Controlled Synthesis of the FeB Nanometallic Glasses with Stronger Electron Donating Capability to Activate Molecular Oxygen for the Enhanced Ferroptosis Therapy.

Considering the strong electron-donating ability and the superior biocompatibility, the integration of zero-valent iron nanostructure Fe (electron-reservoir) and zero-valent boron nanostructure B offers great promise for fabricating novel ferroptosis nanoagents. Nevertheless, the controlled and facile synthesis of alloyed Fe and B nanostructure-FeB nanometallic glasses (NMGs) has remained a long-standing challenge. Herein, a complexion-reduction strategy is proposed for the controlled synthesis of FeB NMGs with greater electron donating capacity to activate the molecular oxygen for improved ferroptosis therapy.

Cold plasma reengineers peanut protein isolate: Unveiling changes in functionality, rheology, and structure.

This study investigates the effects of cold plasma (CP) treatment on peanut protein isolate (PPI), focusing on functionality, rheology, and structural modifications across various treatment times (0, 90, 180, 270, 360, and 450 s) and voltages (120, 140, and 160 kV). Key findings include a significant increase in solubility from 9.99 mg/mL to 15.

Investigating generative AI models and detection techniques: impacts of tokenization and dataset size on identification of AI-generated text.

Generative AI models, including ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude, are increasingly significant in enhancing K-12 education, offering support across various disciplines. These models provide sample answers for humanities prompts, solve mathematical equations, and brainstorm novel ideas. Despite their educational value, ethical concerns have emerged regarding their potential to mislead students into copying answers directly from AI when completing assignments, assessments, or research papers.

Progress in Catalysts for Formic Acid Production by Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

Utilising renewable energy to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into more valuable products can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and protect the environment while actively responding to the policy of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". Additionally, formic acid/formate is one of the most promising and commercially valuable products of the electrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (ECORR) as well as a nonhazardous material for hydrogen storage. With the continuous progress in the field of electrocatalytic CO reduction to formic acid/formate (ECORF), various electrocatalysts with excellent performance have been developed.

AlphaFold 3.0 Prediction Reveals Stronger Interaction between Oleic Acid and Colipase than Palmitic Acid.

The interaction between colipase and lipase is known to be crucial for lipid digestion, but the roles of other factors remain unclear. This study explores the dynamics of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis facilitated by colipase, with a focus on the regulatory roles of fatty acids and calcium ions. Using computational modeling, including insights from AlphaFold 3.

Lactobacillus johnsonii GLJ001 prevents DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via gut microbiota-SCFAs axis.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide and has become a global emergent disease. Probiotics have been reported to be effective in relieving colitis. Previous studies found ripened Pu-erh tea (RPT) promoted gut microbiota resilience against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by increasing relative abundance of Lactobacillus.

Dibromomethane-Triggered Electrochemical Cyclization of Enaminones with Amidines for the Synthesis of 5-Acylimidazoles.

An electrochemical tandem cyclization of enaminones with amidines has been reported for the first time using dibromomethane as an initiating agent in an undivided cell. Following this protocol, a vast variety of polysubstituted 5-acylimidazoles were obtained in moderate to good yields without the use of external oxidants. Mechanistic studies indicate that the bromide anion, electroreductively generated from dibromomethane, acts as a redox mediator to complete the catalytic cycle.

Modulating Aggregation and Deaggregation Based on Assembling Strategy to Switch on NIR-II Light-Excited Fluorescence for Self-Reporting Viability of Eliminating Cancer Cell.

The fabrication of self-reporting photosensitizers (PSs), enabling real-time evaluation of the extent of elimination of cancer cells, holds significant scientific importance in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) process. To address the intrinsic challenge of the short-wavelength light source, this work proposed an innovative approach of rational design second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) light-excited fluorescent PS systems (named , , and , respectively) through modulating aggregation and deaggregation based on assembling strategy. Therein, the suitable interplanar distance of adjacent linked with C-H···π interactions was an idea for relieving compact π···π packing for fluorescent imaging as well as elevating the spin-orbit coupling for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

Tea Bud Detection Model in a Real Picking Environment Based on an Improved YOLOv5.

The detection of tea bud targets is the foundation of automated picking of premium tea. This article proposes a high-performance tea bud detection model to address issues such as complex environments, small target tea buds, and blurry device focus in tea bud detection. During the spring tea-picking stage, we collect tea bud images from mountainous tea gardens and annotate them.

Controlled Hierarchical Construction of Ultrahomogeneous CoS@CoAl-LDH/NF Layered Core-Shell Heterostructures for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

The rational collocation and construction of multiphase composite electrode materials with ingenious structures is a key strategic to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors (SCs). Within this project, a unique CoS@CoAl-LDH/NF core-shell heterostructure consisting of CoAl-LDH/NF ultrathin nanosheets sturdily attached to CoS/NF needle-like nanorods is grown in situ on self-supported conductive substrate nickel foam (NF) by an effortless and productive multistep hydrothermal method. The construction of the core-shell structure can effectively enhance the capacitive properties as well as the mechanical strength of the material.

Rheological properties of polyether polyurethane rubber based magnetorheological elastomers under transverse shear and vertical pressure.

A novel magnetorheological vibration isolator with two operating conditions, horizontal shear and vertical compression, was designed and manufactured. The rheological properties of the energy-dissipating material were directly related to the volume fraction of iron powder in the laminated working unit of the magnetorheological vibration isolator. Aggregation of the carbonyl iron powder (CIP) strongly influenced on the rheological properties of the magnetorheological vibration isolator.