Genome sequencing highlights the fungal sclerotium formation of medicinal fungi Polyporus umbellatus.

Objectives: Polyporus umbellatus is a well-known medicinal fungus in Asia. Due to its long growth cycle, wild resources of P. umbellatus are rapidly declining.

Deep learning combined Monte Carlo simulation reveal the fundamental light propagation in apple puree: Monitoring the quality changes from different cultivar, storage period and heating duration.

This work explored the light propagation of purees from a large variability of apple cultivar, storage period and heating duration based on their optical absorption (μ) and reduced scattering (μ') properties at 900-1650 nm, in order to better monitor the chemical, structural and rheological parameters. The prolonged heating duration modified intensively on puree structure and rheology, and resulted significant increases of μ' at 900-1350 nm. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the maximum light attenuation distance at 1050 nm of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' apple puree increased intensively from 16.

Insights into the mechanisms and regulatory strategies for aroma profiles and browning phenomena in banana puree processing.

Banana puree, which serves as a vital intermediate raw material in the production of banana-based products, is prone to browning and aroma loss during the processing stage. This study focuses on elucidating the patterns of browning and aroma loss and investigating the mechanisms behind these phenomena, using Cavendish banana and Pisang Awak banana as subjects. The results showed that Cavendish banana exhibited superior processing suitability in terms of flavor.

Comparing the Drying Characteristics, Phytochemicals, and Antioxidant Characterization of L. Treated by Different Processing Techniques.

American ginseng (AG) has long been used as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its nutritional and economic value. AG is rich in nutrients, and its quality is greatly affected by how it is processed. However, there is a relative paucity of research on the comprehensive evaluation of different processing techniques of AG.

Exceptional Resistance to Chlorine-Induced Photocatalytic Poisoning via Vacuum UV Irradiation.

Catalyst deactivation poses a significant challenge in environmental remediation, especially for the photocatalytic oxidation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs). In this study, a functional flower-like TiO@Mn/rGO (FTMG) catalyst coupled with a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp was used as a novel photocatalytic oxidation (VUV-PCO) system for chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation. In this system, more than 80% of CB was efficiently oxidized at a high w8 hly space velocity of 600,000 g h, which was a 6.

Phenylthiourea synergistically enhances the hepatotoxicity of bavachalcone by interfering with metabolism in zebrafish: A factor to consider when evaluating toxicity of environmental pollutants using zebrafish models.

Phenylthiourea (PTU) is a well-known inhibitor of melanin synthesis that has been extensively utilized in ecotoxicological studies involving zebrafish. Although there are reports suggesting that PTU may influence the toxicity of various compounds, the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. Bavachalcone (BavaC) has a wide range of applications in agriculture and medicine, and it can enter groundwater through a variety of pathways that may pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems.

ENKD1 modulates innate immune responses through enhanced geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase activity.

Inflammation is a crucial element of immune responses, with pivotal roles in host defenses against pathogens. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation is imperative for developing effective strategies to combat infectious diseases. Here, we conducted a screening analysis and identified enkurin domain-containing protein 1 (ENKD1) as a promising regulator of inflammation.

Label-free upconversion nanosensor for water safety monitoring of permanganate and dichromate ions.

Water contaminated with heavy metal ions poses serious threat to the human health and environment protection. It is imperative to develop analytical tools to detect heavy metal ions. Herein, we propose autofluorescence free SiO modified upconversion nanosensor for label-free and fast determination of MnO and CrO anions.

Prediction of quality traits in packaged mango by NIR spectroscopy.

Packaging with paper bags is essential for protecting mangoes during growth, but strongly berries near infrared (NIR) spectral signals used for non-invasive analysis of their internal quality. This study focused on eliminating or minimizing the interference of paper bags on the NIR spectra of mangoes and developed innovative solutions to accurately assess mango firmness (FI), dry matter content (DMC), soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA). Specific NIR signals at around 1150-1250 nm and 2100-2400 nm were highlighted, which significantly reduced the precision of NIR predictions for these quality traits.

Hawthorn Pectin Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Ameliorating Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota.

Pectin, as a kind of soluble dietary fiber in hawthorns, exhibits a wide range of biological activities. Nevertheless, its role and mechanism in ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. In this study, the effect of hawthorn pectin (HP) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice and its underlying mechanism were evaluated.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Unveils the Metabolic Effect of 6PPD-Quinone in Exposed Mice.

-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) has gained widespread attention as an emerging significant environmental contaminant, but its biochemical toxicity in mammals remains inadequately explored. In this study, the systemic toxicological effects of 6PPD-Q in mouse models exposed to both high and low doses were investigated. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) was applied to evaluate its effects on major organs, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, and testes.

Hollow nanosystem-boosting synergistic effects between photothermal therapy and chemodynamic therapy self-supplied hydrogen peroxide and relieved hypoxia.

Nanomedicine-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has been considered as an excellent alternative for treatment of tumor tissue due to its high therapeutic efficiency and controllable range. However, the overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during PTT and the hypoxic properties of the tumor microenvironment can lead to intracellular thermal resistance and reduce its effectiveness. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), followed by the application of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can eliminate HSPs and overcome thermal resistance.

The re-precipitation and photo-induced cerium ions release of commercial cerium sulfide pigment in aqueous phase.

Cerium sulfide (CeS) pigment is an environmentally friendly novel inorganic red-colored metal pigment, representing a potential alternative to traditional heavy metal pigments. In this study, we report concurrent re-precipitation and photo-dissolution of cerium sulfide pigment in a sunlit aquatic phase. Commercial cerium sulfide pigment transforms into its re-precipitation product, CeCOOH, along with the generation of HS gas in its re-precipitation process.

Spatial metabolomics revealed multi-organ toxicity and visualize metabolite changes induced by borneol in zebrafish.

This study focuses on the potential hazards of borneol (BO) to aquatic organisms and human health. BO has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and detergents. In this study, zebrafish was used as a model organism to systematically evaluate the effects of BO on the heart, liver, kidney, and nervous system.

Marine life as a source of anti-prostate cancer agents: an updated overview (2003-2023).

Cancer is the deadliest threat that human beings are currently facing. Prostate cancer is the second largest cancer in males all over the world. During the last decade, scientists made breakthroughs in combatting this deadliest threat through naturally identified drugs.

Myricetin protects mice against colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway.

Objective: Myricetin is a bioactive compound in many edible plants. We have previously demonstrated that myricetin could significantly protect mice against colitis by regulating Treg/Th17 balance, while underlying mechanism remains unclear. The current study aimed to unravel the potential regulating mechanism of myricetin.

Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia from 1990 to 2021, with projections from 2022 to 2035: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The global burden of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias remains significant, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite medical advancements. This study aims to examine trends and cross-country inequalities in the burden of these hernias from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends to 2035.

Methods: Utilizing Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries and territories.

Identification of the KNOX Gene Family in Revealing Its Response Characteristics to Salt Stress.

is a herbaceous plant that possesses significant medicinal value. Land salinization affects the growth of , resulting in a decline in its quality and yield. Knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes are transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and abiotic stress.

Colorimetric, Quantitative, and Portable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Biosensing of Cholesterol and Malathion.

Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) possess a unique characteristic that allows the manipulation of the reflected color by adjusting the spacing between layers. This attribute can create a reliable and cost-effective colorimetric sensing platform for the on-site detection of various substances. In this study, CLCE films were coupled with cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (CLCE-PAA) or poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (CLCE-PDA) films to monitor cholesterol and malathion levels, respectively.

Quantification of water-soluble moroxydine hydrochloride residue using UPLC-MS/MS: Development and validation in 22 different complex plant-based food samples.

In order to overcome the challenge of determining water-soluble moroxydine hydrochloride (MH) from 22 plant-based food matrices with different properties, an extraction pretreatment method was developed in this study using trifluoroacetic acid solutions for high-water-content samples and formic acid solutions for low-water, high-oil-content samples. Moreover, the pH was adjusted to 8.5 ± 0.

Alkaline Phosphatase-Regulated DNAzyme Cleavage Coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a for Quantitative Detection of Deoxynivalenol in Agricultural Crops.

Sensitive and simplified detection of a mycotoxin such as deoxynivalenol (DON) is crucial for food safety. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas technology has demonstrated significant potential in detecting non-nucleic acids. Herein, we present a triple enzyme-assisted fluorescence immunoassay (TEFIA) that integrates alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-regulated DNAzyme cleavage with the CRISPR/Cas12a assay for the accurate detection of mycotoxin.

Exploration of Active Substances and Its Potential Mechanism of Gancao Fuzi Decoction on Inflammatory Based on Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology.

Gancao Fuzi decoction (GCFZT) is a traditional Chinese formula, which has been commonly used in clinical practice to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the active substance of GCFZT in the treatment of inflammation is not fully clarified. In this study, we used orthogonal experiments to design different GCFZT formulations, resulting in a total of 16 GCFZT formulations.

[Development goals and strategies of ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica].

This paper aims to contribute to guaranteeing the stable development and enhancing the understanding of ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica so that the national strategy and industrial demand can be better served. It first introduces current traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)policy and industrial development status from five aspects, including policy guarantee, theoretical support, technological innovation, standardization system, and brand influence. Then, the paper analyzes the development dilemma of TCM agriculture in production and quality increase and ecological environment protection.

Dietary Oligosaccharides Isolated from Coix Seed Mitigate Hyperuricemia through Modulation of Lipid Metabolites and Intestinal Homeostasis.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with chronic disease, posing significant global health challenges. Coix seed, a traditional cereal, has shown therapeutic potential against HUA, with oligosaccharides serving as its primary active components. However, the mechanisms of Coix seed oligosaccharides in HUA management remain underexplored.

Comparison of the properties of turmeric starch-dioscin-curcumin nanocarriers prepared by antisolvent co-precipitation and antisolvent precipitation.

In this study, two modified turmeric starch-dioscin-curcumin nanocarriers were synthesized by antisolvent co-precipitation (ASCP) and antisolvent precipitation (ASP) methods, with dioscin serving as a natural surfactant. Subsequently, the structural characteristics, physical stability, and curcumin sustained release properties of nanocarriers were comprehensively characterized. The results indicated that both modified nanocarriers exhibited similar morphology and functional groups, along with enhanced physical stability and storage stability.