AFF4 promotes tumor progression and cisplatin resistance by modulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis to accelerate glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Although aerobic glycolysis contributes to malignancy and drug resistance in human cancers, the vital regulators of glycolysis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unknown. Transcription factor AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4) is the scaffolding protein of the super elongation complex (SEC) and regulates the transcription of cancer-related genes. However, the role of AFF4 in glycolysis and LUAD development remains unidentified.

A radiomics nomogram based on MRI for differentiating vertebral osteomyelitis from vertebral compression fractures.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the value of a radiomics nomogram based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguishing vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) from vertebral osteomyelitis (VOs).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data from 100 patients with VCFs and VOs, respectively at our hospital. The cases were randomly divided into training (n = 140) and testing sets (n = 60) in a 7:3 ratio.

Chemotherapy-Mediated Induction of PD-L1 via SEI1 Facilitates Myeloma Immune Evasion.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell-derived malignancy. While immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has advanced myeloma treatment, chemotherapy remains the primary therapy. How chemotherapy interacts with immune checkpoint expression and impacts immunotherapy efficacy remains unclear.

EZH2 serves as a viable therapeutic target for myeloma-induced osteolytic bone destruction.

Myelomatous bone disease is a complication characterized by lytic bone lesions, reduced bone formation, bone pain, and increased fracture risk. Understanding these underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic approaches. Here we show the role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in bone lesions induced by myeloma cells.

Avenanthramide A potentiates Bim-mediated antineoplastic properties of 5-fluorouracil targeting KDM4C//GSK-3 negative feedback loop in colorectal cancer.

Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a significant challenge in treating colorectal cancer (CRC). Novel combined regimens to thwart chemoresistance are therefore urgently needed. Herein, we demonstrated that the combination of Avenanthramide A (AVN A) and 5-FU has significant therapeutic advantages against CRC.

IDO1-mediated kynurenine production inhibits IGFBP5 signaling to promote 5-fluorouracil-induced senescence escape and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of growth arrest, and induction of senescence is considered a potential therapeutic strategy against cancer. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme catabolizing L-tryptophan into kynurenine, plays a key role in tumor immune tolerance. However, the roles of IDO1 in cellular senescence and chemoresistance remain elusive.

Lower fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates ulcerative colitis by eliminating oral-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum and virulence factor.

Background: Recently, the oral oncobacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), has been linked with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we aim to investigate whether Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) can alleviate UC by restoring gut microbiota and eliminating oral-derived F.

Predicting the prognosis of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its efficacy varies. This review summarized the ability of various markers to predict the efficacy of HAIC and provided a reference for clinical applications. As of October 25, 2023, 51 articles have been retrieved based on keyword predictions and HAIC.

Recent advances in stereoselective construction of fluorinated quaternary carbon centers from fluorinated compounds.

There are many fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Organic chemists are interested in the stereoselective synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units. Constructing a fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenter can be achieved directly and efficiently by the asymmetric catalytic reaction of fluorinated compounds as substrates.

Circ_0000376 regulates miR-577/HK2/LDHA signaling pathway to promote the growth, invasion and glycolysis of osteosarcoma.

Background: Many studies have confirmed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) mediate the malignant progression of various tumors including osteosarcoma (OS). Our study is to uncover novel molecular mechanisms by which circ_0000376 regulates OS progression.

Methods: The expression of circ_0000376, microRNA (miR)-577, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.

An enhanced respiratory mechanics model based on double-exponential and fractional calculus.

We address mathematical modelling of respiratory mechanics and put forward a model based on double-exponential and fractional calculus for parameter estimation, model simulation, and evaluation based on actual data. Our model has been implemented on a publicly available executable code with adjustable parameters, making it suitable for different applications. Our analysis represents the first application of fractional calculus and double-exponential modelling to respiratory mechanics, and allows us to propose a hybrid model fitting experimental data in different ventilation modes.

Latent space search based multimodal optimization with personalized edge-network biomarker for multi-purpose early disease prediction.

Considering that cancer is resulting from the comutation of several essential genes of individual patients, researchers have begun to focus on identifying personalized edge-network biomarkers (PEBs) using personalized edge-network analysis for clinical practice. However, most of existing methods ignored the optimization of PEBs when multimodal biomarkers exist in multi-purpose early disease prediction (MPEDP). To solve this problem, this study proposes a novel model (MMPDENB-RBM) that combines personalized dynamic edge-network biomarkers (PDENB) theory, multimodal optimization strategy and latent space search scheme to identify biomarkers with different configurations of PDENB modules (i.

M2 Microglia Extracellular Vesicle miR-124 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Ischemic Stroke via AAK1/NOTCH.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from M2 microglia (M2-microglia-derived small extracellular vesicles [M2-sEVs]) contribute to central nervous system repair, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanism through which microRNA-124 (miR-124) carried in sEVs promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the ischemic mouse brain.

Methods: M2-sEVs with or without miR-124 knockdown were injected intravenously for 7 consecutive days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.

Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Cu/Pd Co-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of α-pyridyl-α-fluoroesters: Construction of Quaternary C-F Stereocenters.

New methods for preparation of chiral alkyl fluorides have been studied intensively in recent years due to the favorable physicochemical and biological properties of those structures. Herein, we describe the regio- and enantioselective allylic alkylation of α-pyridyl-α-fluoroesters with allyl acetates promoted by Cu/Pd synergistic catalysis, constructing the carbon- fluorine quaternary stereocenters. In this co-catalytic system, palladium catalyst mainly constructed the C-C bond, while chiral copper catalyst controlled the enantioselectivity.

Regular fecal microbiota transplantation to Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice delayed the aging of locomotor and exploration ability by rejuvenating the gut microbiota.

Recent evidence points out the role of the gut microbiota in the aging process. However, the specific changes and relevant interventions remain unclear. In this study, Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into four groups; young-FMT-group transplanted fecal microbiota from young donors (2-3°months old) and old-FMT-group transplanted from old donors (10-11°months old); additionally, other two groups either adult mice injected with saline solution or untreated mice served as the saline and blank control groups, respectively.

Research on efficient feature extraction: Improving YOLOv5 backbone for facial expression detection in live streaming scenes.

Facial expressions, whether simple or complex, convey pheromones that can affect others. Plentiful sensory input delivered by marketing anchors' facial expressions to audiences can stimulate consumers' identification and influence decision-making, especially in live streaming media marketing. This paper proposes an efficient feature extraction network based on the YOLOv5 model for detecting anchors' facial expressions.

Multi-modal optimization to identify personalized biomarkers for disease prediction of individual patients with cancer.

Finding personalized biomarkers for disease prediction of patients with cancer remains a massive challenge in precision medicine. Most methods focus on one subnetwork or module as a network biomarker; however, this ignores the early warning capabilities of other modules with different configurations of biomarkers (i.e.

Osteocyte CIITA aggravates osteolytic bone lesions in myeloma.

Osteolytic destruction is a hallmark of multiple myeloma, resulting from activation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and reduction of osteoblast-mediated bone formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts within a myelomatous microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the osteocyte-expressed major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA) contributes to myeloma-induced bone lesions.

Network Control Models With Personalized Genomics Data for Understanding Tumor Heterogeneity in Cancer.

Due to rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and biotechnology, it has brought new opportunities and challenges in developing efficient computational methods for exploring personalized genomics data of cancer patients. Because of the high-dimension and small sample size characteristics of these personalized genomics data, it is difficult for excavating effective information by using traditional statistical methods. In the past few years, network control methods have been proposed to solve networked system with high-dimension and small sample size.

Cucurbitacin E Triggers Cellular Senescence in Colon Cancer Cells via Regulating the miR-371b-5p/TFAP4 Signaling Pathway.

The induction of cellular senescence is considered as a potent strategy to suppress cancer progression. Cucurbitacin E (CE) belongs to the triterpenoids and has received substantial attention for its antineoplastic property. However, the function of CE on cellular senescence remained elusive.

Atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalyst displaying ultra-high stability and recyclability for efficient electroreduction of CO to CO.

To avoid the agglomeration of iron NPs and improve the dispersion of Fe SAs, we employed a mixed-ligand strategy to regulate the iron content in PCN-224(ZnFe) and PCN-222(ZnFe). Thanks to the sublimation of Zn and the Kirkendall effect, uniform dispersions of Fe SAs with 1.04-1.

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharide on the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Remission.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Prebiotic therapy is a potential approach for UC management especially remission maintaining. Xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) is an efficient prebiotic with proven health benefits and few side effects.

Induction of mA methylation in adipocyte exosomal LncRNAs mediates myeloma drug resistance.

Background: Therapeutic resistance occurs in most patients with multiple myeloma (MM). One of the key mechanisms for MM drug resistance comes from the interaction between MM cells and adipocytes that inhibits drug-induced apoptosis in MM cells; MM cells reprogram adipocytes to morph into different characterizations, including exosomes, which are important for tumor-stroma cellular communication. However, the mechanism by which exosomes mediate the cellular machinery of the vicious cycle between MM cells and adipocytes remains unclear.

The facilitating role of dispositional mindfulness in the process of posttraumatic growth: A prospective investigation.

Objective: Traumatic events can lead not only to psychological distress but also to posttraumatic growth (PTG). As trauma challenge one's fundamental assumptions, traumatized individuals may initially experience intrusive rumination. However, these challenged assumptions could facilitate further cognitive processing of trauma (i.