Time Profile of U.S. Neighborhoods: Datasets of Time Use at Social Infrastructure Places.

Social infrastructure plays a critical role in shaping neighborhood well-being by fostering social and cultural interaction, enabling service provision, and encouraging exposure to diverse environments. Despite the growing knowledge of its spatial accessibility, time use at social-infrastructure places is underexplored due to the lack of a spatially resolved national dataset. We address this gap by developing scalable Social-infrastructure Time Use (STU) measures that capture length and depth of activity engagement, diversity, and spatial inequality, supported by the first-of-their-kind datasets spanning multiple geographic scales-from census tracts to metropolitan areas.

Hippocampal-prefrontal communication subspaces align with behavioral and network patterns in a spatial memory task.

Rhythmic network states have been theorized to facilitate communication between brain regions, but how these oscillations influence communication subspaces, i.e. the low-dimensional neural activity patterns that mediate inter-regional communication, and in turn how subspaces impact behavior remains unclear.

Lightweight deep neural network for contour detection and extraction of wheat spikes in complex field environments.

Background: Spikelet number, a core phenotypic parameter for wheat yield composition, requires precise estimation through accurate spike contour extraction and differentiation between grain surfaces and spikelet surfaces. However, technical challenges persist in precise spike segmentation under complex field backgrounds and morphological differentiation between grain/spikelet surfaces.

Method: Building on two-year multi-angle wheat spike imagery, we propose an enhanced YOLOv9-LDS multi-scale object detection framework.

Interfacial Interaction Modulated Radiation Defects for Self-Charging Persistent Mechanoluminescence.

Self-charging persistent mechanoluminescence (SC-PML) is of particular interest for stress sensing/visualization applications, as it not only notably extends the time window available for stress observation, but also avoids the pre-charging with great convenience. However, the intrinsic physical principles of the SC-PML are still unclear. Herein, a phosphor SrLiMg(PO): Dy with an initially clean trap structure is reported to exhibit repeatable SC-PML up to 30 s when incorporated into a flexible polydimethylsiloxane.

Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveals the therapeutic effect of nitazoxanide in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and deadly cancer with limited treatment options, for which autophagy has a dual impact. Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug showing promise in treating cancer, but its role in regulating autophagy in HNSCC remains unexplored.

Materials And Methods: The molecular mechanisms were explored through Differential expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis, risk prognostic model, nomogram model, GSEA, GSVA, WGCNA, mutation analysis, scRNA analysis, spatial transcriptomic analysis, and L1000FWD analysis.

Integrated bulk and single cell sequencing with experimental validation identifies type 2 diabetes biomarkers.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and long-term carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism disruptions. This study aimed to identify biomarker of T2D and analyze immune cell infiltration in the islets of T2D patients. Using the GSE76895 dataset, 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between islet samples from T2D and non-diabetic (ND) individuals.

Metagenomic analysis reveals Northwest Pacific Ocean as a reservoir and evolutionary hub of antibiotic resistance genes.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified as a novel type of environmental contaminants. Ocean is thought to be one of the ultimate environments where ARGs gathered. Marine ecosystems represent vast reservoirs of ARGs, yet their dynamics in open-ocean environments remain poorly characterized.

Cuproptosis-related gene as a biomarker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma via multi-omics techniques and experimental validation.

Background: Background. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The clinical significance of cuproptosis in PAAD combining single cell data with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data is unclear.

Organophotocatalytic acyltrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes enabled the efficient synthesis of CF-substituted chroman-4-ones.

Herein, a novel and practical strategy for the synthesis of CF-modified chroman-4-ones was reported organophotocatalytic acyltrifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes. This method offers mild conditions, a wide range of substrates and compatibility with different functional groups. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that this catalytic system may involve an oxidative quenching process.

Lattice-matching formed covalent heterointerfaces based on epitaxial growth of ZnInS nanosheet on CuS nanobox to accelerate charge separation for effective antibiotic degradation cooperated with hexavalent chromium reduction.

Nowadays, water pollution issues caused by antibiotics and heavy metals have become a focus of global concern, and it is greatly significant to develop effective methods to remove heavy metal and organic contaminant from wastewater. Herein, newly-designed CuS/ZnInS p-n heterojunction with internal electric field is constructed by using epitaxial growth strategy. Importantly, lattice well-matched heterointerface between CuS and ZnInS presents very low charge transfer resistance.

Optimizing Plant Alkaloid Biosynthesis under Drought Stress: Regulatory Mechanisms and Biotechnological Strategies.

Global climate change exacerbates drought stress, severely affecting plant growth, agricultural productivity, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, nitrogenous compounds with diverse biological activities, hold substantial medicinal value across various plant species. This review investigates the regulatory mechanisms through which drought stress influences alkaloid synthesis, focusing on key pathways such as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses that modulate gene expression and metabolic processes.

Bio-inspired mid-infrared neuromorphic transistors for dynamic trajectory perception using PdSe/pentacene heterostructure.

Mid-infrared (MIR) intelligent sensing technology is essential for precise identification and tracking for dynamic target detection in challenging and low-visibility environments. However, existing MIR vision systems based on traditional von Neumann architecture face significant delays and inefficiencies due to the separation of sensing, memory, and processing units. Neuromorphic motion devices offer better tracking capabilities, but most studies are limited to the near-infrared spectrum.

An enzyme-free self-cascade catalytic dual-read biosensor for noninvasive detection of glucose based on oxidase-mimic Fe-MOF.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have attracted much attention in the glucose detection owing to their high porosity and diverse catalytic sites. In this study, we synthesized Fe-MOF material with both glucose oxidase (GOD) activity and peroxidase (POD)-like activity. Mechanistically, Fe-MOF with GOD activity catalyze decomposition of glucose into HO and gluconic acid, which self-cascade catalysis catalyze HO decomposition to yield hydroxyl radical (•OH) by means of POD activity.

Prolonged sitting time and all-cause mortality: the mediating and predictive role of kidney function markers.

Objective: To investigate the association between daily sitting time and all-cause mortality, with a focus on the mediating effect and predictive value of the makers relating to kidney.

Methods: The cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2020. The makers relating to kidney were assessed through estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and other relevant markers.

Efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese medicine injections in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Objectives: Several studies have explored the efficacy and safety of various traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections for unstable angina pectoris. However, comprehensive systematic evidence confirming the advantages of these injections is still lacking. This Bayesian network meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different TCM injections in treating unstable angina pectoris.

Visible light-mediated decarboxylative allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with unactivated aliphatic acids.

Carboxylic acids are bench-stable and readily available chemical feedstocks that function as optimal and fundamental synthetic platforms for the construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds through decarboxylation processes. Herein, a visible light-induced and metal-free strategy for the direct decarboxylative allylic alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with aliphatic acids was developed. The model delivered a series of trisubstituted alkenes in good to excellent yields.

Decarboxylative Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates with Aliphatic Acids via Photochemical Iron-Mediated Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer.

Carboxylic acids are bench-stable and readily available chemical feedstocks that function as optimal and fundamental synthetic platforms for the construction of C(sp)-C(sp) bonds via decarboxylation processes. We present a novel and practical protocol for the decarboxylative alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates with various carboxylic acids via a photoinduced iron-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process under redox-neutral conditions. This method exhibits remarkable tolerance to a wide array of carboxylic acids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids, obviating the requirement for preactivated radical precursors.

Enhancing active ingredient biosynthesis in Chinese herbal medicine: biotechnological strategies and molecular mechanisms.

Background: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a fundamental component of traditional Chinese medical practice, offering a rich source of natural remedies with significant therapeutic potential. However, the scarcity of active ingredients and complex extraction procedures present substantial challenges to their widespread clinical application. This review aims to address this gap by exploring the potential of modern biotechnological advancements in enhancing the biosynthesis of these valuable compounds.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics provide insights into the biosynthesis of militarine in the cell suspension culture system of Bletilla striata.

Militarine is a monomer molecule with abundant and distinctive biological properties, also the lead member of secondary metabolites in Bletilla striata, while its biosynthesis mechanism is still unknown. To improve the production efficiency of militarine, sodium acetate and salicylic acid (SA) were introduced as elicitors into the suspension-cultured callus of B. striata.

Bibliometric insights into astrocytic roles in depression and treatment.

Objective: Depression is a mental disorder that significantly impairs both physical and mental health. Recent studies have shown that reactive astrogliosis have gained significant attention for their involvement in the pathophysiology of depression. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field.

The secretion of TGF-β3 by adipose-derived stem cells inhibits melanin synthesis and its impact on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.

This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) secreted by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in suppressing melanin synthesis during the wound healing process, particularly in burn injuries, and to explore the underlying mechanisms involving the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. ADSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation assays. A burn injury model was established in mice, followed by UVB irradiation to induce hyperpigmentation.

The Mitochondrial Blueprint: Unlocking Secondary Metabolite Production.

Mitochondrial metabolism plays a pivotal role in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites, which are crucial for the survival and adaptation of organisms. These metabolites are synthesized during specific growth stages or in response to environmental stress, reflecting the organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. Mitochondria, while primarily known for their role in energy production, directly regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis by providing essential precursor molecules, energy, and reducing equivalents necessary for metabolic reactions.

Enhancement of dewatering performance and effective degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in biological oily sludge using atmospheric pressure plasma jet.

The presence of petroleum hydrocarbon components (PHCs) in biological oily sludge increases the toxicity of the sludge and makes dewatering even more difficult. In this study, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) technology was used for treating biological oily sludge. The results showed that under specific conditions-a sludge/water ratio of 1:100, a discharge power of 440 W, and a 60-min treatment-the degradation rate of PHCs reached 36.