Adaptive metric for knowledge distillation by deep Bregman divergence.

Knowledge distillation (KD) makes it possible to deploy high-accuracy models on devices with limited resources and is an effective means of achieving lightweight models. With the advancement of technology, the methods of knowledge distillation are also continuously developing and improving to adapt to different application scenarios and needs. To facilitate the transfer of knowledge from larger networks to smaller and lighter networks, KD has been employed to bridge the gap in probability outputs or middle-layer representations between teacher and student networks.

The association between parental migration and five subtypes of aggression by sex: A cross-sectional study of 20,484 Chinese adolescents.

Previous studies have found that parental migration is a risk factor for aggressive behavior in adolescents. However, the findings for five aggression subtypes are inconsistent. Besides, sex differences and the association between specific characteristics of parental migration (e.

Fast Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network Generation via Meta Contrastive Learning.

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are extensively utilized for information extraction from intricate heterogeneous graphs. Despite their prevalence, crafting an efficient HGNN architecture is a formidable challenge, necessitating both extensive domain expertise and considerable expenditure of time to fine-tune network hyperparameters. Heterogeneous Graph Neural Architecture Search (HGNAS) algorithms offer a viable solution, automatically discovering optimal network architectures for predefined tasks within a given search space, and frequently surpassing the performance of manually designed models.

Localization and Pixel-Confidence Network for Surface Defect Segmentation.

Surface defect segmentation based on deep learning has been widely applied in industrial inspection. However, two major challenges persist in specific application scenarios: first, the imbalanced area distribution between defects and the background leads to degraded segmentation performance; second, fine gaps within defects are prone to over-segmentation. To address these issues, this study proposes a two-stage image segmentation network that integrates a Defect Localization Module and a Pixel Confidence Module.

Exploring the Impact of Urinary Metal Exposure on Blood Lipid Profiles in Chinese Adults: Mediating Roles of Health-Related Indicators.

Background: The relationship between urinary metal exposure and lipid profiles remains unclear, particularly regarding potential mediators. This study aimed to investigate associations between urinary metals and lipid levels and to explore mediating health indicators.

Methods: We included 14 817 participants in the CMEC (Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort) study baseline data.

Left atrial appendage closure vs oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Long-term outcomes from 4 randomized trials.

Background: Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is primarily indicated for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have contraindications to long-term oral anticoagulants (OACs). However, the long-term comparative benefits of LAAC vs OACs in the broader AF population remain unclear.

Objective: To study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of LAAC compared with OACs in patients with AF, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

MCTR1 alleviates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia by regulating mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 in rats.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration-1 (MCTR1) can alleviate remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) by modulating the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1).

Methods: Pain behavioral tests were conducted 24 h before remifentanil infusion and at 4, 8, and 24 h postinfusion. The expression of DRP1 and NR2B was assessed by Western Blot (WB).

Modified Frailty Index-11-A New Predictor of Postoperative Complications in the Aging Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Patients.

Objective: Operation for thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is considered a high-risk surgery. Because of the frailty of elderly patients, the prediction for postoperative complications is crucial. This study investigated the relationship between frailty, as measured by the modified frailty index-11 (mFI-11), and postoperative complications in elderly patients with thoracic myelopathy secondary to TSS.

Effects of a multi-component positive psychological intervention on negative emotions, fatigue and quality of life in patients with breast cancer during initial chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a nurse-led positive psychological intervention on negative emotions, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer receiving initial chemotherapy.

Methods: In this two-group repeated-measures randomized clinical trial, 110 patients from a Chinese tertiary hospital were randomized to the intervention or control groups (55 each). The intervention group received a 3-week nurse-led PERMA-model intervention, while the control group received routine care.

Axial Length Dynamics and Safety of Occlusion Therapy in Pediatric Amblyopia: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of occlusion therapy on the elongation of axial length in children with amblyopia using real-world big data.

Methods: A cohort of 2932 children aged 3 to 15 years undergoing occlusion therapy with varying patching durations was analyzed using longitudinal data from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (May 1, 2019 to September 30, 2023). Retrospective analyses utilized multivariable linear regression to assess associations between patching duration and axial length elongation.

Latent profile analysis of five childhood maltreatment subtypes and its associations with smartphone addiction among Chinese adolescents.

Most victims of childhood maltreatment have experienced more than one form. Yet, few studies have investigated co-occurrence of multiple childhood maltreatment subtypes (including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) using person-centered approaches in Chinese adolescents. Moreover, little is known about associations between different childhood maltreatment subtypes and smartphone addiction.

A cascade sensing platform of glucose oxidase loaded Fe-MOF functionalized via boric acid modification and defect engineering for HO and glucose sensitive detection.

Of tunable porosity, high specific surface area and excellent stability, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as nanozyme capably not only catalyze the bio-substrate but load the natural enzyme, so as for the cascade catalyzation achievement. However, the limited mass transfer rate and natural enzyme abscission of MOFs are still fatal for the practical application. Herein, taking P-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a pore-size regulator and boronic acid (BA) as the bio-affinity sorbent, BA-MIL-100(Fe)-PABA of enlarged pores and better affinity was acquired as the peroxidase to ensure the efficient mass transfer and enzyme protection.

Fruit flies exploit behavioral fever as a defense strategy against parasitic insects.

Behavioral fever, a thermoregulatory response in which ectothermic animals seek warmer environments to elevate body temperature and combat parasite infections, is well documented against microparasites. However, its role and mechanisms against macroparasites remain largely unknown. Here, we show that hosts use behavioral fever to defend against parasitoid wasps.

Associations of exposure to heatwaves with depression and anxiety among adolescents: A cross-sectional study of the Chinese adolescent health survey.

Background: Limited research has examined the relationship between heatwaves and adolescent mental health, particularly depression and anxiety. This study aimed to explore the relationship between heatwaves and depression and anxiety.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 19,852 adolescents (mean age 15.

Impact of Atrazine on Sucrose Sensitivity in Honey Bees.

Honey bees () are essential pollinators, responsible for the pollination of over 80% of crops and flowering plants globally. However, there is concern that the extensive use of pesticides, particularly atrazine, can harm pollinators. Despite the widespread use of atrazine, the sublethal effects on honey bees remain unclear.

Potential Influence of Sagittal Parameters in the Pathogenesis of Patients With the Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum.

Purpose: There are many causes of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF), of which mechanical stress factors have gained increasing attention. This study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis of TOLF by comparing spinal sagittal alignment parameters between patients with TOLF and an asymptomatic population.

Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent surgical treatment for thoracic myelopathy caused by OLF at Peking University Third Hospital from 2012 to 2022.

Heavy Atom Engineering-Mediated Conformational Diversification to Construct Aggregation-Induced NIR-II Emission Luminogens for Cancer Phototheranostics.

Chromophores with emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window have captivated much interest by taking advantage of the reduced light scattering and bio-autofluorescence in this region. However, those conventional construction approaches to NIR-II chromophores inevitably suffer from some unpractically limitations, as well as from undiversified molecular skeletons and stereotyped design philosophy. A concise strategy is reported for developing an NIR-II chromophore, PSeD, through heavy chalcogen atom engineering-induced conformational diversification.

Correction: Advanced fabrication techniques for polymer-metal nanocomposite films: state-of-the-art innovations in energy and electronic applications.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4SC04600E.].

Analysis of the association between mixed exposure to multiple metals and comorbidity of hypertension and abnormal bone mass: Baseline data from the Chinese multi-ethnic cohort study (CMEC).

Comorbidity represents an increasingly significant public health challenge. While numerous studies have confirmed the association between metals and both hypertension and osteopenia, the relationship between the multi-faceted effects of mixed metal exposure and the comorbidity of hypertension with abnormal bone mass, as well as age-specific associations, remains unclear. This study utilized baseline data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study, investigating 9870 Chinese ethnic minorities (Dong and Miao) aged 30-79 years.

UV-light-promoted synthesis of a double Z-scheme BN/C/g-CN heterojunction with enhanced photodegradation performance for antibiotics.

Developing environmental-friendly non-metal photocatalysts for the efficient removal of antibiotics from environment is a significant challenge. The construction of heterojunction is regarded as a powerful strategy to enhance the photodegradation efficiency of photocatalysts for pollutants, being due that this strategy can effectively suppress the recombination of the photo-induced electron and hole. In this research, a novel double Z-scheme BN/C/g-CN heterojunction was successfully synthesized via one-step synthetic approach.

Personalized Rehabilitation for Residual Deficits: Tailoring Perceptual Learning for Improved Visual Function in Meridional Amblyopia.

Purpose: This study explored the efficacy and predictors of success for a novel monocular fine orientation discrimination perceptual learning (fine-PL) approach in addressing perceptual deficits in meridional amblyopia (MA).

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: Fifty-three children with persistent MA participated in this study.

Systemic Inflammatory Factors and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The present study employed Mendelian randomization to scrutinize the causal connections that may exist between 91 distinct inflammatory markers and six neuropsychiatric disorders, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), anxiety disorders (ANX), depressive disorders (DEP), and unexplained encephalopathy (UE).

Discussion: The methodology utilized involved the standard inverse variance weighting method within a two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization framework and integrated statistics from genome-wide association studies. To ascertain the robustness of the identified causal associations, sensitivity analyses were performed with the aid of the MR-Egger method and the weighted median test.

Stimulus-Responsive Emission via Dynamic Triplet Energy Transfer in Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Glass.

Dynamic organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) glasses with color tunability offer significant potential for practical applications due to their high transparency and excellent machinability. In this study, organic glasses with efficient and dynamic RTP properties are used as triplet donors, combined with commercially available chromophores as singlet/triplet acceptors, to successfully fabricate a series of host-guest doping glasses with color-tunable organic afterglow and dynamic responses to external stimuli. The energy transfer mechanisms, including triplet-to-singlet phosphorescence resonance energy transfer and Dexter-type triplet-to-triplet energy transfer, are confirmed using state-of-the-art femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.

Genistein improves depression-like behavior in rats by regulating intestinal flora and altering glutamate gene expression.

Depression is a mental disorder, and genistein is known to have antidepressant effects, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Here, the mechanism of genistein improving depression based on gut microbiota was explored using classic behavioral indicators of depression combined with genomic technology. The behavioral evaluation showed that rats gavaged with 20-40 mg/kg genistein showed an increase in body weight, glucose preference, absenteeism score, body temperature, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content, while a decrease in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) content compared to the depression rat model group, but there was no significant difference compared to the positive control (fluoxetine).

Bidirectional association between problematic smartphone use and aggressive behavior: A cross-lagged longitudinal study.

Background And Aims: Problematic smartphone use are prevalent worldwide, particularly among adolescents, and it is strongly linked with aggressive behavior. However, the understanding of how PSU may contribute to the emergence of aggressive behavior remains incomplete.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional links between aggressive behavior and PSU among adolescents, utilizing data from a two-wave longitudinal study (the time interval is 15 months) conducted among 2,650 students in middle and high school.