Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis of Yulan Jiangtang capsules in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a serious diabetic complication, currently has limited treatment options. Yulan Jiangtang capsules (YL) are a clinically approved traditional Chinese medicine formula for glycemic control and diabetes-related complications. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic effects remain incompletely elucidated.

Structure and transport mechanism of the human prostaglandin transporter SLCO2A1.

SLCO2A1 is a member of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family, which preferentially transports prostaglandins (PGs) into cells and plays a vital role in regulating PGs inactivation and distribution. Dysregulation or genetic mutation of SLCO2A1 is associated with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) and chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS). Although the biophysical and biochemical properties of SLCO2A1 have been characterized, the precise mechanism by which SLCO2A1 recognizes and transports PGs remains unclear.

Antineuroblastoma Activity Evaluation and Mechanism of Novel PD-L1 Small Molecule Inhibitors through Immune and Non-Immune Pathways.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric solid tumor originating in the sympathetic nervous system, primarily affecting children under 10 years old. Metastatic, high-risk NB often exhibits elevated PD-L1 expression, which is linked to poor prognosis. In this study, we screened 41 newly synthesized biphenyl small molecules for activity against PD-L1 highly expressed NB cell lines.

A review on the epigenetic regulation of testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells.

Epigenetics studies heritable changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence and is involved in diverse biological processes. In male reproduction, Leydig cells, the main site of testosterone synthesis, play an important role in maintaining the reproductive process. However, the role of epigenetics in the mechanism of testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells is still not well understood.

Hydroxychloroquine-Derived Ionizable Lipid Facilitates Spleen-Tropic Transfection and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy.

The success of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines has boosted their development against various diseases, especially tumors. However, their clinical application is hindered by limited therapeutic efficacy and non-negligible side effects. Many studies attempt to improve therapeutic effect against tumors by using spleen-tropism mRNA delivery systems.

Machine Learning-Driven Dynamic Measurement of Environmental Indicators in Multiple Scenes and Multiple Disturbances.

Digital city water management systems require extensive data sensing for various environmental indicators, yet measurement accuracy often falls short under diverse extreme conditions. This study proposes a chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurement method based on ultraviolet-visible spectrum analysis and machine learning (ML), taking into account the removal of interferences, including temperature, pH, turbidity, common anions and cations, as well as COD composition and different water environments. The data collected from the river and wastewater were processed through principal component analysis, and random forest (RF) performed the best among the multiclass models with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 6.

The efficacy and mechanisms of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation on pain: a systematic review of human and animal studies.

Background: Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique for pain treatment, with the unique ability to modulate deep brain nuclei associated with pain. The aim of this study is to systematically review and summarize the evidence for the efficacy of LITUS in pain management and to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying its analgesic effects.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five databases up to Mar 31st, 2025.

SPARCL1 targeting BST2 mediates meniscal inflammation and catabolic dysfunction by activating the NF-κB/P65 pathway.

Objectives: Meniscus injury is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and its pathogenesis is associated with age, mechanical stress, and inflammatory injury. However, the mechanism of meniscal degeneration remains unclear, and this study aimed to investigate the role of SPARCL1 in meniscal degeneration.

Methods: Transcriptome sequencing of osteoarthritic/non-osteoarthritic meniscus from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was analyzed.

Androgens Are a Key Factor Affecting Immune Related Diseases.

Androgens mainly have suppressing effects on immune function, affecting the different progression of immune diseases in males and females, but their main mechanisms are still unclear. Bibliometric methods are used to analyze relevant literature in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database over the past decade, with a focus on key and hot topics. The results show that prostate cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and sex differences in respiratory diseases, etc.

A Programmable Nonvolatile Schottky Diode Based on van der Waals Ferroelectric Junction.

Programmable and nonvolatile Schottky junctions are highly desirable for next-generation electronic and neuromorphic systems. However, conventional metal-semiconductor and even van der Waals (vdW) Schottky diodes often suffer from fixed rectifying behaviors or limited tunability. Here, we report a programmable nonvolatile ferroelectric Schottky diode based on a vdW heterojunction between semimetallic 1T'-MoTe and ferroelectric α-InSe.

Emapunil relieves osteoarthritis by regulating the CD14/TLR4/LY96 pathway in synovial macrophages through translocator protein 18 kDa.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease, lacks effective therapies due to unclear pathogenesis. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) and its ligand emapunil in OA.

Methods: TSPO expression was assessed in synovium, macrophages, and cartilage from OA mice and patients.

Mechanism Exploration of Spider-Silk-Inspired Multiple-Hydrogen-Bond Polyurethane Healable Elastomers for Anticorrosion.

Spider-silk-inspired multiple-hydrogen-bond polyurethane (PU) healable elastomers have garnered significant attention across various industries. While individual hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, their collective cooperation generates strong interaction forces with geometrically hydrogen-bond-confined arrays. Under the guidance of this discovery, the synthesized PU elastomer (PU-MDI) had superior mechanical characteristics and a self-healing efficiency of 98%, which can provide a robust barrier to effectively delay the penetration of corrosive ions and resist external impact energy dissipation.

Ankle Proprioception Assessed in Landing: The Effects of Height, Strategy and Gender.

To investigate the effects of landing height, descent strategy, and gender on ankle proprioception, and to explore the correlation between ankle proprioception performance, landing height, and step-off/drop-off descent strategy. Cross-sectional study. Thirty-four participants (21 males and 13 females) volunteered.

Multifunctional Subnanowires Modulating Polymerization for High-Voltage Solid-State Batteries.

polymerized poly(1,3-dioxolane) (PDOL) electrolytes endow excellent interfacial contact and satisfactory compatibility in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, their limited oxidative stability hinders compatibility with high-voltage cathodes. Herein, an effective molecular weight modulation-induced strategy via multifunctional subnanowires (SNWs) was proposed to realize the superior oxidative stability of PDOL electrolytes with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD).

Dual cross-linked network cyclodextrin-based aerogel with enhanced green flame-retardant and noise reduction properties.

Biomass porous materials, such as polysaccharides, possess significant potential across various domains due to their unique physical properties. However, the flammability and inadequate noise reduction capabilities of these eco-friendly porous materials restrict their applications in practical conditions. Herein, polysaccharides such as cyclodextrin (CD), sodium alginate (Alg), and phytic acid (PA) were utilized as raw materials to prepare PCD/Alg/PA aerogels through a simple freeze-drying technique.

Estrogen-Related Receptor Potential Target Genes in Silkworm (): Insights into Metabolic Regulation.

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are important transcription factors within the nuclear receptor family that regulate cellular energy storage and consumption by binding to estrogen-related receptor response elements (ERREs) on gene promoters. While ERRs' role in vertebrates is well-studied, their molecular mechanisms in insect metabolism and development remain unclear. This study systematically summarizes the functions of ERRs in insects, focusing on silkworms by analyzing gene functions and comparing databases.

A novel dynamic membrane-equipped element sulfur-based denitrification reactor for efficient and easily maintainable treatment of high-nitrate wastewater.

Using powdered sulfur (S) with high specific surface area enables high efficiency in an elemental sulfur-based denitrification (ESDeN) reactor but faces challenges with S retention. While integrating the ESDeN process with microfiltration membranes (MM) has been shown to effectively reject S powder, severe membrane fouling and high membrane costs restrict its practical application. This study, for the first time, reports a dynamic membrane-equipped ESDeN (ESDeN-DM) reactor.

Enhanced THz Emission and Chirality Control in van der Waals Ferromagnetic FePdTe/Pt Heterostructures.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, with their unique van der Waals (vdW) layered structure, tunable magnetism, and strong spin-orbit coupling, are promising for spintronic applications like terahertz (THz) emitters. Our study investigates the THz radiation properties of the newly discovered vdW ferromagnet FePdTe, which features a one-dimensional Fe zigzag chain structure and strong in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. Using ultrafast reflective THz emission spectroscopy (TES), we demonstrate that the paramagnetic FePdTe produces weak THz emission at room temperature.

[ Formula ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway].

Objectives: To explore the mechanism of (SQBZ) Formula for alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in light of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway.

Methods: Fifty male SD rat models of COPD, established by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation, exposure to cigarette smoke, and gavage of Senna leaf infusion, were randomized into 5 groups (=10) for treatment with saline (model group), SQBZ Formula at low, moderate and high doses (3.08, 6.

Advances in cancer immunotherapy using small-molecular inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

Cancer cells evade immune responses by interacting with PD-1 and its ligand, PD-L1. Although monoclonal antibodies targeting this pathway have revolutionized oncology, their high production costs, poor oral bioavailability, and limited tumor penetration remain significant challenges. Small-molecule inhibitors provide a promising alternative, offering advantages such as improved tumor penetration and cost-effectiveness.

Feedback inhibition derived from hydrogen sulfide in microbial sulfidogenic process via elemental sulfur disproportionation.

Elemental sulfur disproportionation (SDisp), a key sulfidogenic process, has not only been known to play significant roles in biogeochemical sulfur cycles but has also received increasing attention in various wastewater treatment systems. For a sulfidogenic process, understanding the feedback inhibition (FBI) derived from the sulfide it produces is essential and fundamental, while this issue has yet to be systematically studied within the context of SDisp. In this study, the FBI for SDisp was investigated in Desulfocapsa-enriched mixed cultures.

Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Metal Layers on 3D-Printed Resin via Laser for Flexible Electronics and Magnetic Droplet Manipulation.

3D-printed flexible electronics have the advantage of flexible shapes and the freedom to customize 3D structures to further enhance functionality. However, conventional fabrication methods involve printed conductive inks or multi-material 3D printing, which bring a series of problems for the adhesion strength of the conductive layer and the fabrication complexity. In addition, the metal conductive layer is exposed to air and faces the problem of being susceptible to deterioration.

Data-driven differentiable model for dynamic prediction and control in wastewater treatment.

Wastewater treatment plants, while critical for environmental protection, face mounting challenges in operational efficiency and sustainability due to increasing urbanization and stricter environmental standards. In this study, we introduce an innovative continuous-time neural framework based on Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) to enhance the modeling of sewage treatment processes. Addressing the dual challenges of operational efficiency and sustainable development in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), our methodology marks a significant departure from traditional approaches by implementing a continuous-time neural framework that captures the inherent dynamics of wastewater treatment processes while reducing computational demands by 95 % compared to discrete-time models.

From farm to table: assessing the status and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Henan Province.

Introduction: In recent years, industrial and agricultural advancements in Henan Province have increased heavy metal contamination in rice, raising public concerns. The aim of this study was to investigate the contamination levels of five heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and inorganic arsenic (As), in rice from Henan Province and to assess potential health risks.

Methods: A total of 6,632 rice samples were collected from 18 regions between 2020 and 2022.

Xanthatin induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated c-FLIP inhibition in human retinoblastoma cells.

Retinoblastoma is widely considered the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy during childhood. Xanthatin has been reported to selectively inhibit the proliferation of RB cells, but the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, human RB cells were treated with different doses of xanthatin, and then cell survival, cell apoptosis, and protein expression were assessed using CCK8 assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting to investigate the possible mechanism of xanthatin in RB cells.