CAD hijacks STING to impair antitumor immunity and radiotherapy efficacy of colorectal cancer.

Radiotherapy (RT)-elicited antitumor immunity serves as a pivotal mechanism in RT-mediated tumor control. The strategic integration of RT with immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), is revolutionizing cancer therapeutics, demonstrating remarkable clinical potential. In this context, identifying molecular targets to potentiate radioimmunotherapy (RIT) efficacy represents a critical research priority.

Global Diversity Patterns in Anurans Are Determined by Terrestrial and Arboreal Species.

Understanding the mechanisms shaping biodiversity distribution patterns is essential in ecology, and species distributions are closely influenced by environmental factors. Previous studies have often focused on taxonomic levels, potentially overlooking important within-group ecological variations. Anurans, with six distinct ecotypes, each occupying unique habitats, serve as an ideal model to examine how environmental factors shape these ecotype-specific distributions.

Consolidative stereotactic radiotherapy for oligo-residual non-small cell lung cancer after first-line chemoimmunotherapy: A single-arm, phase 2 trial from China.

Background: Retrospective evidence indicated potential survival benefit of consolidative stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with metastatic driver mutation-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring oligo-residual disease (ORD) after effective immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, prospective data about consolidative SRT in this disease population after first-line chemoimmunotherapy remains scarce.

Methods And Findings: From March 2021 to March 2023, 59 patients (94.

The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy combined with surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer harboring defective mismatch repair system: a large-scale multicenter propensity score analysis.

Background: For locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with a deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H), particularly in patients not eligible for immunotherapy, the optimal treatment remains undetermined. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgery, surgery and chemotherapy, surgery and chemoradiotherapy, in patients with LARC harboring dMMR/MSI-H.

Methods: Patients included from three university centers between August 1, 2012 and March 1, 2023, were categorized into three treatment groups: surgery .

Low-dose Radiation Therapy Concurrent With Atezolizumab and Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: 3-Year Follow-up of a Multicenter, Single-arm, Phase 2 Trial (MATCH).

Purpose: Preclinical studies showed that low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) may act synergistically with immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC); however, its role in the treatment of extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) remains unclear.

Methods And Materials: This single-arm, multicenter, Simon's 2-stage, phase 2 study enrolled treatment-naïve patients with ES-SCLC. Patients received 4 21-day cycles of intravenous cisplatin (75 mg/m) or carboplatin (area under the curve value, 5 mg/mL/min), etoposide (100 mg/m), and atezolizumab (1200 mg), with concurrent LDRT (15 Gy in 5 fractions [3 Gy/fraction]), followed by atezolizumab maintenance therapy until loss of clinical benefit, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or death.

Robust Multi-contrast MRI Medical Image Translation via Knowledge Distillation and Adversarial Attack.

Medical image translation is of great value but is very difficult due to the requirement with style change of noise pattern and anatomy invariance of image content. Various deep learning methods like the mainstream GAN, Transformer and Diffusion models have been developed to learn the multi-modal mapping to obtain the translated images, but the results from the generator are still far from being perfect for medical images. In this paper, we propose a robust multi-contrast translation framework for MRI medical images with knowledge distillation and adversarial attack, which can be integrated with any generator.

Global Thyroid Cancer Patterns and Predictive Analytics: Integrating Machine Learning for Advanced Diagnostic Modelling.

Background: The global increase in thyroid cancer prevalence, particularly among female populations, underscores critical gaps in our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and diagnostic capabilities. Our investigation addresses these knowledge deficits by examining molecular signatures and validating diagnostic markers using clinical specimens to facilitate earlier detection and targeted therapeutic development.

Methods: We conducted comprehensive analyses of thyroid cancer specimens through multiple methodologies.

Correction to "CMA down-regulates p53 expression through degradation of HMGB1 protein to inhibit irradiation-triggered apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma".

[This corrects the article on p. 2308 in vol. 23, PMID: 28428710.

Innovative dual-pump regulation in veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A Single-center experience.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of veno-arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-AV ECMO) with a secondary centrifugal pump to control blood flow in return pathways as an alternative to the conventional Hoffman clamp.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent V-AV ECMO in our hospital from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Data, including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and ECMO-specific information, were systematically extracted from electronic medical records.

Determining the optimal radiation dose for locally advanced esophageal cancer: A pooled analysis of reconstructed individual patient data from randomized clinical trials.

Background: The optimal radiation dose of definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) for esophageal cancer (EC) has always been a concern in radiation oncology and has remained controversial for several decades, we performed a meta-analysis based on individual patient data (IPD) to explore the optimal dose.

Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing high-dose radiotherapy (HD-RT,≥59.4 Gy) with standard-dose radiotherapy (SD-RT, 50 Gy/50.

[Research Progress on Imaging Diagnosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Which Invades Pleura or Chest Wall].

Accurate staging is the fundamental basis for the treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and whether the tumor involves the pleura or chest wall is a critical aspect in assessing the staging of peripheral lung cancer. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used to determine pleural invasion in NSCLC. There has been an increasing number of studies evaluating whether NSCLC invades the pleura and the extent of such invasion.

CaecilianTraits, an individual level trait database of Caecilians worldwide.

Functional traits differ among species, which determine the ecological niche a species occupies and its ability to adapt to environment. However, differences in traits also exist at intraspecific level. Such variations shape differences in individual survival capabilities.

A feasibility study of automating radiotherapy planning with large language model agents.

Radiotherapy planning requires significant expertise to balance tumor control and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. Automated planning can improve both efficiency and quality. This study introduces GPT-Plan, a novel multi-agent system powered by the GPT-4 family of large language models (LLMs), for automating the iterative radiotherapy plan optimization.

CRTC2 Forms Co-Condensates with YTHDF2 That Enhance Translational Efficiency of m6A-Modified mRNAs to Drive Hepatocarcinogenesis and Lenvatinib Resistance.

As the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern. Despite its prevalence, treatment options are limited, underscoring the need to identify potential therapeutic targets and strategies. In this study, we identified amplification of cAMP response element-binding protein-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2), situated in the 1q21.

CK2B Induces CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion through HDAC8-Mediated Epigenetic Reprogramming to Limit the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Anti-PD-1 therapy has left an indelible mark in the field of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment; however, its efficacy is limited in clinical practice owing to differences in the degree of effector T-cell exhaustion. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a protein kinase that plays an important role in T-cell immunity. In this study, it is aimed to explore the potential of targeting CK2 and its regulatory subunit CK2B to prevent or reverse T-cell exhaustion, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC.

CBP/CREB Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes by Interacting With SERCA.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common congenital heart disease. In this study, we proposed that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) regulates the proliferation and apoptosis in TOF by interacting with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA). To confirm this, we collected right ventricle tissue samples from TOF patients during surgery to correct the deformity and from the donors.

Risk-adapted stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of large (>3 cm) primary lung cancer with or without histologic confirmation: A propensity score matched and weighted analysis.

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising therapeutic approach for inoperable, small (≤3 cm) primary lung cancer. However, the efficacy and safety of risk-adapted SBRT for treating large (>3 cm) primary lung cancer remains inadequately characterized.

Patients And Methods: Patients with large (>3 cm) primary lung cancer, diagnosed either clinically or histologically, were recruited between November 1, 2010 and December 31, 2022.

Sequential versus continuous feeding and its effect on the gut microbiota in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gut microbiota disturbance may worsen critical illnesses and is responsible for the progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In our previous study, there was a trend towards a higher α-diversity of the gut microbiota in sequential feeding (SF) than in continuous feeding (CF) for critically ill patients. We designed this non-blinded, randomized controlled study to confirm these results.

Immunochemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus immunochemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for treatment-naïve, advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (AEC-ICR-1st): A multi-center cohort study.

Immunochemotherapy is Currently the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its prognosis remains unsatisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunochemotherapy plus radiotherapy (ICR) compared with immunochemotherapy (IC) alone as a first-line treatment for advanced ESCC.

Xuebijing Injection Alleviates the Inflammatory Response in Patients with Venous-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Both acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its salvage treatment, venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), may lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and further aggravate tissue damage. Xuebijing (XBJ) may modulate cytokine production involved in the inflammatory response. We aimed to determine the efficacy of XBJ in cardiogenic shock patients on VA-ECMO.

A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus Sylvirana (Anura: Ranidae) highlights unrecognized diversity, revised classification and historical biogeography.

The genus Sylvirana includes 12 species widely distributed in South China and Southeast Asia. The phylogenetic relationships and species diversity for Sylvirana and allied genera remain unresolved and controversial due to insufficient data and incomplete taxon sampling. Using a combined dataset of mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) and 101 nuclear genes obtained through the amplicon sequence capture approach, we generated the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for the genus Sylvirana to date, inferring diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and historical biogeography with unprecedented levels of taxon and geographic sampling.

Construction and validation of an immune-related gene signature predictive of survival and response to immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor with the second incidence rate and the third mortality rate worldwide. In this study, we identified and validated an immune-related gene signature, explored the clinical and molecular characteristics of the signature-defined risk groups, and assessed its ability in predicting prognosis, immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy responses. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used as the training set while GSE39582 database as the validation set.