Elucidating the gut microbiota-driven crosstalk: mechanistic interplay of lobetyolin in coordinating cholesterol homeostasis and anti-inflammatory pathways in hyperlipidemic mice models.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a prevalent metabolic disorder closely associated with gut microbiota imbalance. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated distinct advantages in the regulation of the gut microbiota and enhancement of metabolic health. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular processes by which lobetyolin modifies the gut microbiota to improve intestinal inflammation and lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice.

Suppresses CD8 T Cell Effector Function and Intestinal Inflammation.

The role of CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. Similarly, the posttranscriptional regulation of the highly heterogenic CD8 T cell populations and their effector function in IBD also remains poorly understood. Here, we find that and ) regulate T cell fate, and their expression is higher near damaged colon tissue in patients with IBD compared to controls.

Mitochondrial Transplantation Augments the Reparative Capacity of Macrophages Following Myocardial Injury.

The pathologically remodeled myocardial ischemic microenvironment, characterized by sustained hypoxia, metabolic insufficiency, and accumulation of inflammatory mediators, severely disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis. This dysfunction establishes a self-perpetuating cycle that impairs the coordinated healing cascade and compromises cardiac tissue repair following myocardial infarction (MI). To counteract these effects, a novel strategy of mitochondrial augmentation is proposed, whereby healthy exogenous mitochondria are introduced into macrophages to generate mitochondria-transplanted macrophages (Mito-T-Macros or MTMs), which can resist post-MI stress.

Measurement and characterization of the halo effect for mini-LED backlit LCDs.

The continuous upgrading of partition backlight technology has brought new competitive advantages to LCD, making it comparable to OLED in display performance, such as high contrast. Because the LCD does not have an ideal turn-off characteristic, there will be a halo phenomenon when local dimming is turned on. Due to the low luminance value of the halo and glare interference of the luminance meter, the actual light distribution is difficult to measure, so previous studies on halo effect characterization were mostly based on simulation or qualitative analysis.

Development of a dual-modal microscopic algae detection system integrating hyperspectral imaging and a U-Net convolutional neural network.

This study presents an integrated dual-modal microscopic algae detection system that combines hyperspectral imaging and a U-Net convolutional neural network. The system achieved a spatial resolution of and a spectral resolution of 10 nm. The fluorescence imaging mode exploits chlorophyll autofluorescence under 488 nm excitation for rapid preliminary screening and precise algae impurity differentiation, achieving 98.

Tailored Quantum Dots@Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Hypochlorite Detection in Live Cells and Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis.

Excess levels of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HClO/ClO) are associated with the development of tissue damage and the onset of various pathological conditions. The enzymatic reaction of myeloperoxidase produces HClO/ClO, which is closely related to hepatic ulcerative colitis (UC). The detection of HClO is particularly important as it provides valuable insights into the early diagnosis of UC.

Transcriptomic analysis of the effect of dietary melatonin on liver immunity in rice field eel (Monopterus albus).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the dietary effects of melatonin, particularly in relation to its ability to regulate the immune system. A total of 360 fish were fed with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg) for 70 days. The activities of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes in the liver showed that at a concentration of 120 mg/kg, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased, while the content of malondialdehyde and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were decreased (p < 0.

DNA mutagenesis driven by transcription factor competition with mismatch repair.

Despite the remarkable fidelity of eukaryotic DNA replication, nucleotide misincorporation errors occur in every replication cycle, generating mutations that drive genetic diseases and genome evolution. Here, we show that transcription factor (TF) proteins, key players in gene regulation, can increase mutagenesis from replication errors by directly competing with the recognition of DNA mismatches by MutSα, the primary initiator of eukaryotic mismatch repair (MMR). We demonstrate this TF-induced mutagenesis mechanism using a yeast genetic assay that quantifies the accumulation of mutations in TF binding sites.

Controlled Delivery of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 25 by a Hydrogel for Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by its heterogeneity and poor clinical prognosis, presents substantial unmet medical needs. Although exciting progress has been made in immunotherapy for TNBC, optimizing the composition of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a critical challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that CCL25-transduced tumor cells significantly enhance the accumulation of CCR9CD8T cells within tumors, translating into inhibited TNBC tumor growth in vivo.

Effects of Different Farming Models on Muscle Quality, Intestinal Microbiota Diversity, and Liver Metabolism of Rice Field Eel ().

As consumer demand for quality fish products continues to rise, quality has become a key factor in market competition. Ecological aquaculture research is exploring various farming methods to balance high-quality demand with environmental protection. This study compared three aquaculture models-cage culture (CG), recirculating aquaculture (RAG), and rice-fish co-culture (RG)-by analyzing muscle quality (AOAC, GC-MS), intestinal microbiota (16S rRNA), and liver metabolism (LC-MS) to assess their effects on .

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Enhanced SiC UV Photodetectors Based on Ordered Al/AlO Core-Shell Nanoparticle Arrays.

4H-SiC-based ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) are urgently required for applications in flame detection and secure communication. However, these devices are hindered by their low quantum efficiency properties and sluggish response speed. Here, a substantial enhancement in UV detection is implemented by integrating periodic triangular Al/AlO Core-Shell Nanoparticles (NPs) Arrays into 4H-SiC metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs.

A Novel Contact Lens Sensor System for Continuous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring: Evaluation of Accuracy in Human Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring by a novel contact lens sensor system (CLS) in human eyes.

Design: Cross sectional study.

Participants: Eighty eyes of 80 participants were recruited and divided into 3 groups: (1) 40 normal eyes; (2) 30 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) with normal IOP (<21 mmHg), including 27 POAG eyes and 3 OHT eyes; and (3) 10 POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP (≥21 mmHg), comprising 4 POAG eyes and 6 OHT eyes.

Neurotoxic risks of long-term environmental exposure to pesticides: a review.

Pesticides are chemical substances that prevent pests, control weeds, sterilize, and regulate plant growth. Although mechanized spraying of pesticides significantly improves operational efficiency, excessive use and improper handling of pesticides can lead to environmental pollution, resulting in long-term exposure of nontarget organisms and causing toxicity, particularly neurotoxicity in these organisms. This review summarizes the toxic effects of long-term pesticide exposure on various neurological functions, providing insights for future studies on pesticide exposure.

Comparative biochemical, transcriptome and metabolome investigation on reproductive maturation of wild and captive female Monopterus albus.

The main purpose of this study is to systematically elucidate mechanisms underlying ovarian development in wild and captive female Monopterus albus at the biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels. Wild and captive female M. albus in Shanghai were continually collected over 1 year, and their ovarian development was analyzed statistically.

Divergence in a eukaryotic transcription factor's co-TF dependence involves multiple intrinsically disordered regions.

Combinatorial control by transcription factors (TFs) is central to eukaryotic gene regulation, yet its mechanism, evolution, and regulatory impact are not well understood. Here we use natural variation in the yeast phosphate starvation (PHO) response to examine the genetic basis and species variation in TF interdependence. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main TF Pho4 relies on the co-TF Pho2 to regulate ~28 genes, whereas in the related pathogen Candida glabrata, Pho4 has reduced Pho2 dependence and regulates ~70 genes.

Framework for Brain-Derived Dimensions of Psychopathology.

Importance: Psychiatric diagnoses are not defined by neurobiological measures hindering the development of therapies targeting mechanisms underlying mental illness. Research confined to diagnostic boundaries yields heterogeneous biological results, whereas transdiagnostic studies often investigate individual symptoms in isolation.

Objective: To develop a framework that groups clinical symptoms compatible with ICD-10 and DSM-5 according to their covariation and shared brain mechanisms.

Tire wear particle leachate induces lipid metabolism disorders in Procambarus clarkii, leading to liver inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes.

Tire wear particle (TWP) leachate, an emerging pollutant that has gained widespread attention in recent years, poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and particularly to economically important freshwater species. The toxicity of TWP leachate to aquatic organisms underscores its detrimental impact on these ecosystems. In this study, the crayfish Procambarus clarkii was exposed to TWPs at concentrations of 0 %, 0.

Impact of Rearing Duration on Nutritional Composition, Flavor Characteristics, and Physical Properties of Asian Swamp Eel ().

The Asian eel, a medicinal and edible species, lacks systematic research on age-related nutritional and flavor dynamics. To optimize breeding strategies and product differentiation, this study systematically investigated the nutritional composition, flavor profiles, and physical properties of Asian eel muscles across five distinct growth stages (1, 3, 7, 11, and 22 years). Results showed that unsaturated fatty acids increased with age, while ω-3/ω-6 ratios peaked in 1-year-old eels.

Diagnostic performance and safety for robotic-assisted bronchoscopy in pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) is an emerging diagnostic tool that combines robotics and bronchoscopy. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the performance and safety of RAB for pulmonary nodule diagnosis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception up to 4 November 2024.

Maternal parenting behavioural profiles and developmental outcomes in early years: a latent profile analysis in rural China.

Background: Parenting behavioural profiles differ across cultural, economic, and ethnic contexts. China, with one of the largest child populations worldwide, faces the challenge of poor developmental outcomes during early childhood in rural areas. Using a data-driven approach, we aimed to explore distinct parenting profiles, their corresponding developmental outcomes during early childhood, and the associated family risk factors.

Efficiently constructing complete genomes with CycloneSEQ to fill gaps in bacterial draft assemblies.

Current microbial sequencing relies on short-read platforms like Illumina and DNBSEQ, which are cost-effective and accurate but often produce fragmented draft genomes. Here, we used CycloneSEQ for long-read sequencing of ATCC BAA-835, producing long-reads with an average length of 11.6 kbp and an average quality score of 14.

The combination of microscopic and metabarcoding analyses revealed a high diversity of algal bloom species in the Taiwan Strait.

The Taiwan Strait is located between Fujian and Taiwan Provinces, China, and is susceptible to various currents and human activities, which result in frequent algal blooms. Surface water samples were collected in the Taiwan Strait in the spring of 2022, and phytoplankton community structure was assessed by both microscopic and metabarcoding analyses. Diatoms dominated in phytoplankton community based on microscopy, while dinoflagellates dominated in the eukaryotic phytoplankton based on metabarcoding.

Thickness- and Wavelength-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Absorption in 2D Layered MXene Films.

As a rapidly expanding family of 2D materials, MXenes have recently gained considerable attention. Herein, by developing a coating method that enables transfer-free and layer-by-layer film coating, the nonlinear optical absorption (NOA) of TiCT MXene films is investigated. Using the -scan technique, the NOA of the MXene films is characterized at ≈800 nm.

Alternate Day Fasting Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Function During Aging by Regulating Mitochondrial Metabolism.

With advancing age, the decline in intestinal stem cell (ISC) function can lead to a series of degenerative changes in the intestinal epithelium, a critical factor that increases the risk of intestinal diseases in the elderly. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to devise effective dietary intervention strategies that target the alterations in senescent ISCs to alleviate senescence-related intestinal dysfunction. The 28-month-old naturally aging mouse model was utilized to discover that the primary factor contributing to the compromised barrier function and digestive absorption of the small intestine was a decrease in both the number and regenerative capacity of ISCs.