Genomic resequencing reveals genetic diversity, population structure, and core collection of durian germplasm.

Durio zibethinus Murr. is a tropical fruit crop of growing global importance, prized for its unique flavor and nutritional value. Yet only a narrow genetic base has been utilized in breeding efforts.

Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in monocytes exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat poisoning.

Paraquat (PQ), a total contact herbicide, triggers progressive pulmonary fibrosis and multiorgan failure. This toxicity occurs via DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study systematically investigated monocytic cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling in PQ-associated fibrotic lung pathology, focusing on its mechanistic involvement in innate immune regulation.

Host-Guest Synergistic Regulation in Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Vanadium-based metal-organic framework (V-MOF) cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are prone to be pronounced volumetric expansion during charging/discharging processes, which causes structural collapse, capacity fading, and compromised cycling stability. Herein, a series of novel hybrid nanomaterials (Br@P-X) are successfully prepared via a one-step solution method by confining polyoxometalates (POMs) within the pores of the V-MOF and precisely controlling the POMs loadings. The synergistic structural and functional interactions between the porous MOF framework and the uniformly dispersed POMs, as well as the precise tuning of guest POM clusters endow the system with unique electrochemical behavior.

Vanillin-mediated green synthesis of polyacrylic acid/chitosan dual-network hydrogels with antibacterial properties and enhanced mechanical performance.

The polyphenol-metal catalytic scheme plays a crucial role in the synthesis of polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels. Herein, vanillin (VA) not only initiates dynamic redox reactions with Fe to accelerate the polymerization of acrylic acid but also forms Schiff-base bonds with chitosan (CS), thereby facilitating the formation of a CS molecular network. Consequently, VA enables rapid, environmentally friendly synthesis of dual-network hydrogels comprising PAA and CS.

Aging acceleration, not chronological age, is associated with cognitive performance in older adults: A cross-sectional study on the protective role of physical activity.

Cognitive decline in older adults is a growing public health concern, and traditional measures such as chronological age are insufficient for accurately assessing cognitive function. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), which reflect biological age and aging acceleration, may be better predictors of cognitive decline. Additionally, physical activity (PA) has been recognized for its protective effects on aging and cognitive health.

Integrated chemical composition, transcriptomics, and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction in ACS model rats.

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), as the most critical pathological type of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, has a high morbidity and lethality, and the long-term treatment of modern medicine is still faced with the problems of restenosis, microcirculation obstruction and drug resistance. The addition of Traditional Chinese Medicine provides new ideas for ACS treatment. Our previous study found that Jia-Wei-Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (HJ11) can improve the inflammatory response and cardiac function in ACS.

Evaluating the Predictive Performance of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations for Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used worldwide to treat the growing incidence of coronary artery disease due to population growth and aging. However, postoperative complications, especially acute kidney injury, are a major concern affecting patient outcomes. We aimed to evaluate different estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation methods to predict postoperative acute kidney injury after CABG, highlighting their importance in assessing surgical risk and renal function preoperatively.

Natural small molecule smart hydrogels inhibited the Hsp90/NF-κB signaling axis in inflammation to achieve sustained antipyretic effect.

In general, pseudoephedrine (PE) is a safe and universally employed in cold medicine, which displays powerful effect on antipyretic. Nonetheless, the sustained drug delivery system can effectively put an end to the above problems attributable to the drawbacks of low bioavailability and short intervals of administration. "Complexation" hydrogels are capturing enormous attention in a diverse array of fields in that there is no necessity to carry out external intervention for drug delivery.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of kidney transplant patients regarding post-transplant complications: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The management of complications following kidney transplantation involves self-management, which requires adequate knowledge and favorable attitudes. This study explored the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of post-transplant complications among kidney transplant patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included (convenience sampling) kidney transplant patients from our hospital.

Manganese-Based Metal-Organic Coordination for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries With Varying Mechanical Adaptability and Machine Learning-Assisted Performance Decoding.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant attention owing to their high safety and low cost; however, their development is hindered by the poor cycling stability and low capacity of traditional inorganic cathode materials. This study innovatively utilizes dihydroxy/diamino anthraquinone (DHAQ/DAAQ) ligands featuring π-conjugated systems and quinone-based redox activity. By precisely regulating the substitution sites (1,2-/1,4-/1,5-) and coordinating them with Mn, layered flower-cluster Manganese-based metal-organic coordination is successfully constructed.

-Induced Apoptosis in Gastric Diseases: Mechanisms, Implications, and Diagnostic Applications.

is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium that causes one of the most common infections worldwide, affecting a significant portion of the human population. It plays a crucial role in regulating cellular activities, such as apoptosis, through various virulence factors, thereby contributing to the development and progression of gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Here, we explored the complex relationship between infection and apoptosis, emphasizing how induces apoptosis via virulence factors (such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A), death receptor pathways, and host cell responses.

Modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for predicting advanced colorectal neoplasia.

Background: Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency. Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.

Aim: To propose and evaluate a modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for the prediction of ACN.

Clinical-radiomics models with machine-learning algorithms to distinguish uncomplicated from complicated acute appendicitis in adults: a multiphase multicenter cohort study.

Increasing evidence suggests that non-operative management (NOM) with antibiotics could serve as a safe alternative to surgery for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis (AA). However, accurately differentiating between uncomplicated and complicated AA remains challenging. Our aim was to develop and validate machine-learning-based diagnostic models to differentiate uncomplicated from complicated AA.

Library of Stereoregular Polythioesters for Stereocomplex Formation Enabled by Isomerization-Driven Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Supramolecular stereocomplexation is an important tool to advance sustainable polymers, and oxygen-containing polymers represent the most widely studied materials for stereocomplexation. However, the sulfur-containing analogues, a newly emerged class of sustainable polymers, remain essentially unexplored because of a significant challenge encountered in the synthesis of stereoregular polymers and relatively low supramolecular interaction. In this contribution, by the utilization of [EtO][B(CF)] as a metal-free cationic initiator, controlled isomerization-driven ring-opening polymerizations (IROPs) of nine examples of chiral five-membered thionolactones have been achieved with free or suppressed racemization via unique monomer-stabilized S2 propagation mechanism, which allows an unprecedented access to a library of new stereoregular polythioesters with high isotacticities (80.

Microbial dysbiosis and its diagnostic potential in androgenetic alopecia: insights from multi-kingdom sequencing and machine learning.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of hair loss, has been linked to dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome. In this study, we collected microbiome samples from the frontal baldness and occipital regions of patients with varying stages of AGA and conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterial and fungal communities using 16S rRNA and ITS1 sequencing. Our results revealed that although the scalp microbiome dynamics in healthy subjects correlated strongly with chronological age, this trend was disrupted in AGA patients due to severe microbial imbalances, emphasizing the significant impact of AGA on the scalp microecology.

TaxaCal: enhancing species-level profiling accuracy of 16S amplicon data.

Background: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing is a widely used method for microbiome composition analysis due to its cost-effectiveness and lower data requirements compared to metagenomic whole-genome sequencing (WGS). However, inherent limitations in 16S-based approach often lead to profiling discrepancies, particularly at the species level, compromising the accuracy and reliability of findings.

Results: To address this issue, we present TaxaCal (Taxonomic Calibrator), a machine learning algorithm designed to calibrate species-level taxonomy profiles in 16S amplicon data using a two-tier correction strategy.

Improving Electron and Ion Transport in Nano-Si Anodes through Integration with Conductive Nano-Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Conductive metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) and nanosilicon (nano-Si) composites (Si-M-HHTP, M = Co, Ni, or Cu, HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene) were synthesized using a single-step methodology to enhance the performance of nano-Si anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The promoting role of M-HHTP is reflected in the following: (i) extensive π-d conjugation enhances electrical conductivity; (ii) molecules stack into 2D rods for rapid Li transport; (iii) 2D rods construct a 3D structure to mitigate volume expansion. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that the 3D structure and conductive M-HHTP play a significant role in stabilizing the long-term cycling performance and enhancing rate capabilities.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies cellular heterogeneity in endothelial and epithelial cells associated with nitrogen dioxide-induced acute lung injury.

Inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (NO), a representative irritant gas, can trigger acute lung injury (ALI), typically characterized by increased permeability and dysfunction of the blood-air barrier. However, the exact mechanisms underlying NO inhalation-induced ALI (NO-ALI) remain poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified significant alterations in endothelial and epithelial cells during NO-ALI.

Nano-immunomodulator amplifies STING activation in tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy.

The initiation of tumor-specific T cell responses is critically dependent on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Nevertheless, as the most dominant APCs in tumors, M2-like macrophages largely restrained T cell activation due to inefficient antigen cross-presentation. Herein, we rationally designed a nano-immunomodulator (FANP) to restore the antigen presentation capability of M2-like macrophages by amplifying stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation.

Study of self-assembly behavior and ionic conductivity of conjugated liquid crystals with T-shaped facial-polyphilic structure.

The unique self-assembly of liquid crystals (LCs), combined with their potential application as organic semiconductors, has become a focus of recent research. Here, a joint experimental and computational study of the self-assembly and ionic conduction was carried out on a series of T-shaped conjugated LCs consisting of three incompatible components. By extending the EOn side-chain length, several experimental evaluations confirmed a decrease of the order-disorder transition temperature, while coarse-grained simulations revealed a structural evolution from a smectic phase to a columnar phase.

Electrochemical Exfoliation of the Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework for High-Performance Urea Electrooxidation.

Two-dimensional (2D) conjugated metal-organic frameworks (c-MOFs) have attracted extensive interest in electrochemical fields due to their inherent electrical conductivity. However, the severe interlayer stacking still poses barriers toward their potential applications. The reliable synthesis of ultrathin c-MOF nanosheets is crucial yet remains challenging.

Role of Glycoprotein 3 in neutralizing antibody recognition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been causing significant economic losses in the global swine industry since its emergence. Insufficient knowledge of the structural glycoprotein characteristics of NADC30-like strains has hindered the development of effective control strategies. In this study, we found that the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in pig sera against NADC30-like PRRSV strain FJ1402 (lineage 1) and highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain BB0907 (lineage 8) exhibited low cross-neutralizing activity against each other.

Protective Effects of Polysaccharides Against Type 2 Diabetic Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin.

Polysaccharides possessing hypoglycemic effects have shown promising results in treating diabetes. polysaccharide (PSP) is one of the most active ingredients in the Chinese medicine Redoute with many biological activities. However, its efficacy in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unexplored.

Genetic Differentiation of Chinese Fir Populations From Mainland China and Taiwan as Revealed by Genotyping-By-Sequencing Analysis, With Implication for Taxonomic Position of the Species.

Climate change and strait isolation during the glacial period had a profound effect on the differentiation of gymnosperms on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. The taxonomic status and population structure of (Taiwan) and (mainland China) remain contentious due to conflicting morphological and molecular evidence. Thus, we sampled 92 accessions from seven natural populations, six from mainland China and one from Taiwan, and conducted high-throughput genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis.

Factors Influencing Removal of Trichloroethylene in a Zero-Valent Iron Fenton System.

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a volatile organic compound commonly used as a solvent, is frequently detected in contaminated groundwater. In the zero-valent iron (ZVI) Fenton process, TCE can be eventually dechlorinated into non-toxic products, which is mainly caused by hydroxyl radicals derived from HO. However, some key factors in the dechlorination of TCE in the zero-valent iron Fenton process have not been studied clearly.