Methionine-based insights into C-S-Fe-P transformations in anaerobic co-digestion of sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds.

Anaerobic co-digestion of sulfur-containing organic wastes with waste-activated sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds (FePs) was recently suggested as an environment-friendly strategy to promote phosphate release, energy recovery, and hydrogen sulfide (HS) control. Nevertheless, the mechanistic coupling between FePs speciation and the concurrent transformation of carbon, sulfur, iron, and phosphorus within this system remains to be fully elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, methionine, a typical hydrolysis product of sulfur-containing organics, and five FePs prevalent in sludge (ferric-phosphate tetrahydrate (FePO⋅4HO), ferric-phosphate dihydrate (FePO⋅2HO), vivianite (Fe(PO)·8HO), phosphate coprecipitated with Fe(III) (COP-P), and phosphate adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO-P)) were selected to elucidate C-S-Fe-P transformations in this study.

Iron-Catalyzed Radical Addition Reaction of Dehydroglycine with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids.

Iron-catalyzed ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) processes have emerged as robust strategies for diverse organic transformations. Despite this potential, their application to addition reactions of C═N unsaturated bonds remains underexplored. Herein, we report an LMCT-enabled, photoredox/iron-catalyzed radical addition to dehydroglycine derivatives.

DC Reactive-Sputtered NiO Hole Transport Layers with Tailored Nickel Vacancies for Perovskite Single-Junction and Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.

Sputtered nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising material for hole transport layers (HTLs) in industrializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its scalable and conformal growth. However, its low conductivity and interfacial instability limit device performance. Herein, high-quality undoped NiO (DC-N) HTLs are developed fabricated via direct current (DC) reactive sputtering (Ni target) coupled with low-temperature (≤ 200 °C) air annealing.

Sensing of molecular hydrogen using direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.

This study presents sensitive and precise measurements of molecular hydrogen using direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The S(1) H quadrupole transition at 2122 nm (4713 cm) was investigated using an 11.4-meter multipass cell.

A precisely regulated Streptomyces expression system pTZYp facilitated by the strong promoter stnY and cmt operon.

One of the characteristics of actinomycetes, especially streptomycetes, is the high GC content in their genome, which often leads to the failure of heterologous expression in E. coli, and thus hinders in vitro enzyme activity experiments. Therefore, we have developed a precisely regulated and efficient Streptomyces expression system, pTZYp, that relied on the strong promoter stnY and the cmt operon.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Coupling of Isocyanates with Tertiary Alkyl Halides for Sterically Bulky Chiral Amide Synthesis.

The ubiquity of amide bonds in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products, and peptides underscores the enduring demand for efficient amide synthesis in organic chemistry. Nevertheless, the facile construction of sterically congested chiral amides bearing α-quaternary stereogenic centers remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Herein, we report a catalytic reductive addition strategy that leverages readily accessible and stable isocyanates for stereoselective carbon-carbon bond formation.

"Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction in Frontal Hairline Correction with Hair Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study".

Background: Frontal hairline correction with hair transplantation is a widely performed aesthetic procedure; however, patient satisfaction remains variable. Despite this, limited studies have investigated the factors influencing satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to identify key predictors of satisfaction in frontal hairline correction to provide clinicians with insights to optimize patient outcomes.

8-Quinox Cobalt Catalyst Enables the Reductive Alkylative Addition of Sulfinylamines with Unactivated Alkyl Halides.

Sulfur-based chiral centers play a critical role in drug discovery yet pose significant challenges in achieving precise stereochemical control. Sulfinamides, serving as versatile intermediates and chiral auxiliaries, have traditionally required multistep synthesis or auxiliary-dependent strategies. Recent advances using -sulfinyltritylamine (TrNSO) enabled catalytic arylative additions; however, stereoselective alkylative approaches remain underdeveloped, likely due to the highly reactive alkyl radical intermediate.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Triplophysa scleroptera.

Triplophysa scleroptera is an endemic fish species in Qinghai Lake and the upper reaches of the Yellow River. However, studies on conservation and evolutionary genetics were seriously impeded by the absence of a reference genome. Here, by using PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C assembly technology, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of T.

Bioinert Albumin Surface Enables Ultra-High Vascular Cell Selectivity Superior to Specific Binding Ligands.

Enhancing the selectivity of endothelial cells (ECs) over smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on material surfaces is critical for improving the prognosis of cardiovascular device implantation, preventing restenosis, and avoiding late-stage thrombosis. However, existing surface modification strategies typically involve specific binding ligands such as antibodies and extracellular matrix peptides to promote EC adhesion, which exhibit low EC selectivity with EC/SMC ratios of less than 10. Herein, we report that an albumin coating, traditionally regarded as a bioinert surface lacking specific recognition functions, achieves unprecedented high EC selectivity with an EC/SMC ratio exceeding 200 in the medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum.

Fiber-reinforced zwitterionic elastomer composites for artificial heart valves.

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) offer potential solutions for treating VHDs but are limited by issues like thrombosis, calcification, and inflammation. Surface modification with antifouling coatings has been explored to mitigate those complications, but these coatings often exhibit poor stability and mechanical mismatch with elastomer substrates.

Library of Stereoregular Polythioesters for Stereocomplex Formation Enabled by Isomerization-Driven Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization.

Supramolecular stereocomplexation is an important tool to advance sustainable polymers, and oxygen-containing polymers represent the most widely studied materials for stereocomplexation. However, the sulfur-containing analogues, a newly emerged class of sustainable polymers, remain essentially unexplored because of a significant challenge encountered in the synthesis of stereoregular polymers and relatively low supramolecular interaction. In this contribution, by the utilization of [EtO][B(CF)] as a metal-free cationic initiator, controlled isomerization-driven ring-opening polymerizations (IROPs) of nine examples of chiral five-membered thionolactones have been achieved with free or suppressed racemization via unique monomer-stabilized S2 propagation mechanism, which allows an unprecedented access to a library of new stereoregular polythioesters with high isotacticities (80.

Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular asymmetric dearomatizative arylation of indoles and benzofurans.

Indoles represent one of the most robust and synthetically versatile classes of heteroaromatic compounds. However, the stereoselective conversion of planar indole rings into three-dimensional indoline skeletons bearing multiple stereogenic centers remains a persistent challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe an intermolecular catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of simple indoles via a palladium-catalyzed three-component cross-coupling reaction.

Reproducibility and relative validity of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire developed for adults in the coastal area of southeast China.

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a 93-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to assess usual dietary habits over the past year among adults in the southeast coastal region of China.

Methods: Qualified dietary data of 477 subjects (75.26% female, mean age = 59.

Direct Visualization of Metal-Induced Gap State Distribution and Valley Band Evolution at Metal Versus Semimetal MoS Interfaces.

The interlayer coupling between metals and the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors' conduction band (CB), encompassing metal-induced gap states (MIGS) and valley band modulation, critically influences both the Schottky barrier height (SBH) and intrinsic sheet resistance. Understanding the CB modulation induced by metals/semimetals is, therefore, essential for contact engineering optimization. Given that the MIGS decay length and orbital interactions are spatially confined to the nanoscale region proximate to the 2D semiconductor interface, we employed scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to quantitatively determine the MIGS decay length and CB minimum on various metal/semimetal substrates.

Sodium citrate enhances anaerobic fermentation of granular sludge: the multifaceted roles of structure disruption and metabolic regulation.

Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient approach for recovering organic carbon and other valuable resources from waste sludge, yet its efficiency is constrained by the structural stability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially for aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Despite the abundant physical-chemical pre-treatment approaches for enhancing EPS dissolution, biocompatible strategies coordinating structural disruption with metabolic regulation remain unexplored. Herein, sodium citrate (SC) was used to enhance the performance of anaerobic fermentation of AGS.

Site-Selective Creation of Blue Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been of great interest due to its ability to host several bright quantum emitters at room temperature. However, the identification of the observed emitters remains challenging due to spectral variability, as well as the lack of atomic defect structure information. In this work, we demonstrate the site-selective creation of blue emitters in exfoliated hBN flakes with high-energy ion irradiation.

Effects of different drying methods on the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of Orah () slices.

This study evaluated the effects of microwave vacuum drying (MVD), microwave drying (MD), heat pump drying (HPD), hot air drying (HAD), and freeze drying (FD) on the drying kinetics, and changes of physicochemical properties and bioactive compound of Orah slices. In the analysis of the seven models examined, the Page model was found to be the most accurate in describing the changes in moisture content during the drying process. MD was significantly faster than HAD and HPD, reducing drying time by 95.

Large-scale alkali-assisted growth of monolayer and bilayer WSe with a low defect density.

The development of p-type WSe transistors has lagged behind n-type MoS because of challenges in growing high-quality, large-area WSe films. This study employs an alkali-assisted CVD (AACVD) method by using KOH to enhance nucleation on sapphire substrates, effectively promoting monolayer growth on c-plane sapphire and enabling controlled bilayer seeding on miscut surfaces with artificial steps. With AACVD, we achieve 2-inch monolayer and centimeter-scale bilayer WSe films with defect densities as low as 1.

Enhancing Neuroplasticity for Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: Mechanisms, Models, and Neurotechnology.

Stroke remains a significant global health challenge, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Post-stroke neurorehabilitation aims to maximize functional recovery and mitigate persistent disability through effective neuromodulation, while many patients experience prolonged recovery periods with suboptimal outcomes. This review explores innovative neurotechnologies and therapeutic strategies enhancing neuroplasticity for post-stroke motor recovery, with a particular focus on the subacute and chronic phases.

Leveraging Extended Windows in End-to-End Deep Learning for Improved Continuous Myoelectric Locomotion Prediction.

Current surface electromyography (sEMG) methods for locomotion mode prediction face limitations in anticipatory capability due to computation delays and constrained window lengths typically below 500 ms-a practice historically tied to stationarity requirements of handcrafted feature extraction. This study investigates whether end-to-end convolutional neural networks (CNNs) processing raw sEMG signals can overcome these constraints through extended window lengths (250 ms to 1500 ms). We systematically evaluate six window lengths paired with three prediction horizons (model forecasts 50 ms to 150 ms ahead) in a continuous locomotion task involving eight modes and 16 transitions.

Cellular and Histopathological Characteristics of Ultrasonically Underdiagnosed 3/4a Thyroid Nodules.

Objective To analyze the cellular and histopathological characteristics of underdiagnosed thyroid nodules of Chinese thyroid imaging reporting and data system(C-TIRADS) categories 3 and 4a,thus improving the understanding of these lesions. Methods The data of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology were collected from 683 nodules diagnosed based on pathological evidence in 549 patients undergoing thyroid surgery.The cellular and histopathological characteristics of C-TIRADS 3 and 4a nodules were analyzed.

Regulating Cell-Material Interfacial Interactions through Selective Cellular Resistance.

Regulating the behavior of different types of cells at the material-tissue interface is pivotal for inducing tissue regeneration. Traditional methods enhance target cell activity using specific ligands such as peptides and antibodies, which have stability issues within biological environments. Herein, we show that selective cell resistance can be realized by fine-tuning the material surface chemistry, achieving strong cell selectivity superior to that of extracellular matrix peptides.

Identification of blood-derived exosomal tumor RNA signatures as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for multi-cancer: a multi-phase, multi-center study.

Background: Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, making early detection crucial for improving survival outcomes. The study aims to develop a machine learning-enabled blood-derived exosomal RNA profiling platform for multi-cancer detection and localization.

Methods: In this multi-phase, multi-center study, we analyzed RNA from exosomes derived from peripheral blood plasma in 818 participants across eight cancer types during the discovery phase.

Electrospun anisotropic fiber reinforced composites for artificial heart valves.

Anisotropic composite valves that approximate natural heart valves are essential for the successful construction of tissue-engineered heart valves. In this work, anisotropic nylon (polyamides, PA) fiber membranes were prepared electrospinning and further composited with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by the impregnation method to obtain anisotropic PA/TPU composite valves. Young's modulus of the PA/TPU composite valves in the axial and radial directions along the fibers was 85.