Prevalence of Myopia and Axial Length Distribution in China: The Wuhu Children and Adolescents Eye Study.

Purpose: To re-assess myopia prevalence, update the database of ocular biometric parameters, and assess the prevalence of fundus abnormalities in schoolchildren and adolescents in Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.

Methods: The Wuhu Children and Adolescents Eye Study (WCAES) is a longitudinal population-based cohort study, and the cross-sectional analysis results of the baseline assessment are reported here. It included 315,569 out of 330,173 eligible children and adolescents (95.

Giant elastic-wave asymmetry in a linear passive circulator.

Nonreciprocal transmission of waves is highly desirable for the transport and redistribution of energy. However, building an asymmetric system to break time-reversal symmetry is relatively difficult because it tends to work under stringent guidelines, narrow bandwidth, or external impetus, particularly in a three-port system. Without breaking reciprocity, realizing "one-way" transmission of elastic waves by a linear and passive structure in a higher-dimensional asymmetric system, such as a three-port circulator, poses quite a challenge.

Association of diurnal temperature range and childhood asthma: a population-based cross-sectional study in a Tropical City, China.

Background: Climate change has significantly impacted the diurnal temperature range (DTR), particularly in tropical regions of China, where DTR fluctuations are more frequent. While previous studies have primarily focused on the link between short-term DTR exposure and childhood asthma, there is limited information on the long-term effects from large-scale studies.

Methods: In 2022, a cross-sectional survey involving 9,130 children aged 2-10 years was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling in tropical Sanya, Hainan Province, China.

New Classification System for Radially Deviated Thumb Polydactyly.

Purpose: Radially deviated thumb polydactyly (RDTP) is a risk factor for secondary deformities but lacks comprehensive characterization. We developed a new classification system for RDTP based on the preoperative radiographic appearance that should inform surgical approaches: (1) D-shaped, (2) bell-shaped, (3) radial-concave phalanges, and (4) asymmetric Wassel III-like.

Methods: Radially deviated thumb polydactyly patients evaluated from January 2015 to December 2021 were classified into four types based on their preoperative radiographs.

Visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical evaluation between LASIK and LASIK combined with accelerated corneal crosslinking.

Aim: To assess the visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties of myopia patients between laser keratomileusis (LASIK) and LASIK combined with accelerated corneal crosslinking (LASIK Xtra).

Methods: This prospective study analyzed 52 consecutive myopia patients treated with LASIK Xtra and 45 consecutive myopia patients treated with LASIK. Only the right eyes in the two groups were analyzed.

Hand X-rays findings and a disease screening for Turner syndrome through deep learning model.

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the important causes of short stature in girls, but there are cases of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in clinical practice. Our aim is to analyze the hand skeletal characteristics of TS patients and establish a disease screening model using deep learning.

Methods: A total of 101 pediatric patients with TS were included in this retrospective case-control study.

The Joint Association of Sleep Quality and Outdoor Activity with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai.

Purpose: Aiming to investigate the combined association of sleep quality and outdoor activity with the risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children.

Patients And Methods: 16,936 children from kindergartens and primary schools in 13 administrative districts of Shanghai, China were involved in the analyses. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire were respectively used to evaluate the sleep quality, allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Immune evasion of Omicron variants JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 to the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients.

The Omicron BA.2.86 subvariants, JN.

The association of parental age at delivery with childhood allergic disease and the modified effect of breastfeeding.

Background: Childhood allergic diseases are a global concern; quite limited studies have examined the impacts of parental age at delivery. This study aimed to explore the association between separate and combined parental age at delivery and childhood allergic diseases and whether adequate breastfeeding could modify this association.

Methods: This cross-sectional study sampled 15,976 children from Shanghai, China.

Engineered bispecific antibodies with enhanced breadth and potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-related coronaviruses.

The concern of COVID-19 persists due to the continuous emergence of variants and the potential spillover of animal coronaviruses. The broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies play a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus (CoV) infections. Here, we constructed 18 bi-specific antibodies (bsAbs) using 9 antibodies isolated from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated individuals, designed as dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig).

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on clinical visits and subjective symptoms in childhood allergic rhinitis induced by house dust mites in Shanghai.

Background: Establishing the interaction between aeroallergens and air pollution in children with house dust mite induced allergic rhinitis (HDM-AR) remains challenging, especially in urban areas. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the subsequent lockdown measures provided a valuable opportunity.

Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of HDM-AR children between March and August in 2018-2020, and classified the children according to the type and the degree of HDM sensitization.

Isolation and characterization of spike S2-specific monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to pan-coronaviruses.

• Five broad-spectrum mAbs identified from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees possessed the ability to recognize spike S2 of pan-coronaviruses. • Five mAbs targeted distinct but conserved epitopes on spike S2 of pan-coronaviruses. • Three of these five mAbs were competitively bound to the fusion peptide epitopes of coronavirus spike protein.

Broad cross neutralizing antibodies against sarbecoviruses generated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in humans.

The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 highlight the need for countermeasures to prevent future coronavirus pandemics. Given the unpredictable nature of spillover events, preparing antibodies with broad coronavirus-neutralizing activity is an ideal proactive strategy. Here, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination could provide cross-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against zoonotic sarbecoviruses.

Regulatory T and CXCR3+ Circulating Tfh Cells Concordantly Shape the Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Individuals Who Have Recovered from Mild COVID-19.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in the antiviral immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, whether Treg cells are involved in the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response remains unclear. Here, we found that individuals who recovered from mild but not severe COVID-19 had significantly greater frequencies of Treg cells and lower frequencies of CXCR3+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells than healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequencies of Treg and CXCR3+ cTfh cells were negatively and positively correlated with the nAb responses, respectively, and Treg cells was inversely associated with CXCR3+ cTfh cells in individuals who recovered from mild COVID-19 but not in those with severe disease.

Associations of Insecticide Exposure with Childhood Asthma and Wheezing: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Sanya, China.

Insecticide exposure may affect childhood asthma/wheezing, but evidence is scarce in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Sanya, China. Generalized linear models were adopted to assess the associations of insecticide exposure with childhood asthma/wheezing, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Gender associations between phthalate exposure and biomarkers of oxidative stress: A prospective cohort study.

Previous epidemiologic research has shown that phthalate exposure in pregnant women is related to adverse birth outcomes in a sex-specific manner. However, the biological mechanism of phthalate exposure that causes these birth outcomes remains poorly defined. In this research, we investigated the association between phthalate exposure and placental oxidative stress in a large population-based cohort study, aiming to initially explore the relationship between phthalate exposure and gene expression in placental oxidative stress in a sex-specific manner.

SARS-CoV-2 spike-reactive naïve B cells and pre-existing memory B cells contribute to antibody responses in unexposed individuals after vaccination.

Introduction: Since December 2019, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented considerable public health challenges. Multiple vaccines have been used to induce neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and memory B-cell responses against the viral spike (S) glycoprotein, and many essential epitopes have been defined. Previous reports have identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-reactive naïve B cells and preexisting memory B cells in unexposed individuals.

Sex-specific difference in phenotype of Kabuki syndrome type 2 patients: a matched case-control study.

Background: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a monogenic disorder leading to special facial features, mental retardation, and multiple system malformations. Lysine demethylase 6A, (KDM6A, MIM*300128) is the pathogenic gene of Kabuki syndrome type 2 (KS2, MIM#300867), which accounts for only 5%-8% of KS. Previous studies suggested that female patients with KS2 may have a milder phenotype.

Non-Hermitian metagrating for perfect absorption of elastic waves.

Beyond the fashion of Hermitian physics, non-Hermiticity has inspired, most recently, a surge of nontrivial principles and significant applications in both open quantum and classical systems characterized by gain or loss. However, research on elastic wave manipulation is still predominantly focused on conservative Hermitian systems, overlooking the energy interaction with the environment. The unavoidable energy loss, originating from the inherent material properties, is normally ignored.

Time-series analysis of meteorological factors and emergency department visits due to dog/cat bites in Jinshan area, China.

Background: Meteorological factors play an important role in human health. Clarifying the occurrence of dog and cat bites (DCBs) under different meteorological conditions can provide key insights into the prevention of DCBs. Therefore, the objective of the study was to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and DCBs and to provide caution to avoid the incidents that may occur by DCBs.

Association of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody during pregnancy with placental morphology and inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.

Background: Studies suggest that thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity exposure during pregnancy may contribute to changes in placental morphology and pathophysiology. However, little is known about the association of maternal TPOAb during pregnancy with placental morphology and cytokines. This study focuses on the effect of repeated measurements of maternal TPOAb during pregnancy on the placental morphology and cytokines.