Green preparation and evaluation of physicochemical, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber from navel orange peel.

Background: Citrus fruits are an important source of dietary fiber. However, on the one hand, traditional preparation methods of citrus fiber rely on chemical hydrolysis, resulting in unavoidable environmental contamination and nutrients loss. On the other hand, citrus fiber usually requires modification due to its low soluble dietary fiber content.

Unveiling the multifaceted pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau phosphorylation-induced neurofibrillary tangles. This review comprehensively summarizes AD pathogenesis and related factors, drawing on a wealth of authoritative reports and research findings. Specifically, we delve into the intricate mechanisms underlying AD pathology, including Aβ deposition, tau protein phosphorylation, cholinergic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, ferroptosis, imbalance in the gut microbiota, and microRNA dysregulation.

Dihydromyricetin ameliorates neurotoxicity induced by high glucose through restraining ferroptosis by inhibiting JNK-inflammation pathway in HT22 cells.

Diabetes mellitus is recognized as an important cause of cognitive dysfunction. Ferroptosis plays a key role in diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD). Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has promising neuronal protective effects, but it is unclear the mechanism.

Isolation and characterization of spike S2-specific monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to pan-coronaviruses.

• Five broad-spectrum mAbs identified from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinees possessed the ability to recognize spike S2 of pan-coronaviruses. • Five mAbs targeted distinct but conserved epitopes on spike S2 of pan-coronaviruses. • Three of these five mAbs were competitively bound to the fusion peptide epitopes of coronavirus spike protein.

[Research progress on GSDME-mediated cell pyroptosis resulting in GSDME type hearing loss].

Pyroptosis is a novel mode for programmed cell death discovered and confirmed in recent years. The Gasdermins (GSDMs) family is a key effector molecule mediating pyroptosis. As an important cause of extensive inflammatory damage and side effects of conventional chemotherapy drugs, anomalous pyroptosis has also been associated with hearing loss, tumor, and disorders of the immune system.

Dihydromyricetin Improves High Glucose-Induced Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage by Activating AMPK-Autophagy Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: In recent years, a growing number of clinical and biological studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia results in abnormal glucose metabolism, which in turn causes pathological changes similar to PD, leading to selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with various biological activities including antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties.

Regulatory T and CXCR3+ Circulating Tfh Cells Concordantly Shape the Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Individuals Who Have Recovered from Mild COVID-19.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are involved in the antiviral immune response in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, whether Treg cells are involved in the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response remains unclear. Here, we found that individuals who recovered from mild but not severe COVID-19 had significantly greater frequencies of Treg cells and lower frequencies of CXCR3+ circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells than healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequencies of Treg and CXCR3+ cTfh cells were negatively and positively correlated with the nAb responses, respectively, and Treg cells was inversely associated with CXCR3+ cTfh cells in individuals who recovered from mild COVID-19 but not in those with severe disease.

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells exhibit unique responses in infected and vaccinated individuals.

Long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for preventing reinfection. The production of neutralizing antibody (nAb) and B cell differentiation are tightly regulated by T follicular help (T) cells. However, the longevity and functional role of T cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients remain poorly defined.

Identification of broad neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients.

• BF.7 and BQ.1, escaped most neutralizing antibodies isolated from the recovered COVID-19 individuals and vaccine recipients.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted 3-(2'-benzimidazolyl)coumarin platinum(II) complexes as new telomerase inhibitors.

Eight new platinum(II) complexes Pt1-Pt8 with substituted 3‑(2'‑benzimidazolyl) coumarins were successfully synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), infrared spectrophotometry (IR) and elemental analysis. Crystallographic data of these Pt1-Pt8 complexes showed that the Pt(II) has distorted four-coordinated square planar geometry. Pt1-Pt8 were found to display high cytotoxic activity in vitro against the cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3/DDP cancer cells with a low IC from 1.

Lipase-immobilized biocatalytic membranes for biodiesel production.

Microbial lipase from Candida rugosa (Amano AY-30) has good transesterification activity and can be used for biodiesel production. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was grafted with 1,4-diaminobutane and activated by glutaraldehyde for C. rugosa lipase immobilization.