Expressions of apoptotic protein and gene following sulfur mustard-induced acute pulmonary injuries in rats.

Objectives: Pathomechanisms of sulfur mustard (SM) are not fully understood, and no specific medical countermeasures exist to prevent SM-induced pulmonary injury. This study aimed to evaluate the apoptosis following SM-induced acute pulmonary injury.

Materials And Methods: Acute pulmonary injury models were established using SM at an equivalent toxicity dose (1 LD50), administered via intraperitoneal injection or intratracheal instillation.

Roles of long non-coding RNAs in oesophageal cancer pathogenesis.

With high morbidity and mortality internationally, oesophageal cancer is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. The most frequent approaches to the treatment of oesophageal cancer are a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Inevitably, some individuals with oesophageal cancer fail to respond favourably to these treatments because of therapeutic resistance, with eventual unfavourable outcomes.

Enhanced Disease Segmentation in Pear Leaves via Edge-Aware Multi-Scale Attention Network.

Accurate segmentation of pear leaf diseases is paramount for enhancing diagnostic precision and optimizing agricultural disease management. However, variations in disease color, texture, and morphology, coupled with changes in lighting conditions and gradual disease progression, pose significant challenges. To address these issues, we propose EBMA-Net, an edge-aware multi-scale network.

Controlled Synthesis of SnO Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gaps.

Tin-(IV) oxide nanocrystals (SnO NCs) have significant potential in various applications, with their performance closely related to their band gap. The band gap is influenced by the size and shape of the NCs, which can be precisely controlled by adjusting reaction conditions. In this study, we present deliberately designed synthesis protocols to produce high-quality SnO NCs with tunable band gaps using different methods.

An automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay for a novel biomarker NT-IGFBP-4: analytical performance and clinical relevance in heart failure.

Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) fragments are reported as emerging biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. To ensure data reliability and improve clinical application, the first automatic chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for NT-IGFBP-4 was developed and its distribution across CVDs was evaluated in this study.

Methods: Fragment-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to develop immunoassay, followed by comprehensive analytical validation, including limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LoQ), linearity, specificity, precision, sample type compatibility, and stability.

Characterization of the Avian Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c and Its Potential Role as a Metabolic Regulator.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide that plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, gene expression, and immune processes. However, current research primarily focuses on mammals like humans and mice, with no reports on avian MOTS-c. This study aimed to identify and characterize MOTS-c coding sequences across major poultry species through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Machine learning prediction of extended length of stay following endoscopic decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop and validate interpretable ML models for extended length of stay (eLOS) prediction following endoscopic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) decompression, and identify modifiable risk factors influencing healthcare costs and recovery.

Methods: A prospective-retrospective cohort of 350 patients (2019-2025) undergoing single-level endoscopic decompression was analyzed. The eLOS was defined as >9 days via classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Programmed cell death regulates hematopoietic cell homeostasis under radiation conditions.

Background: It is well-known that hematopoietic cells are sensitive to irradiation exposure. Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis might contribute to irradiation-induced hematopoietic injury. However, it is uncertain whether different hematopoietic cells apply specific cell death pathways under irradiation exposure.

Development of a multispectral imaging apparatus for cost-effective fundus disease detection.

Fundus spectral imaging (FSI) integrates fundus photography with spectral techniques, providing both spatial and spectral information for retinal imaging. Whereas existing FSI systems have demonstrated advantages in structural and functional imaging, their widespread adoption is hindered by high costs and complex optical designs. To address these challenges, we propose a low-cost multispectral fundus camera with a simplified optical design, built from off-the-shelf optics, 3D-printed parts, and equipped with fiber-bundle-coupled multi-wavelength LED illumination source (470-740 nm).

12/15-lipoxygenase mediates disturbed flow-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

Background: Disturbed flow regions in the vasculature are predisposed to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaque formation. The enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX, encoded by ALOX15) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between 12/15-LOX and disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis remains uncharacterized.

BSE-YOLO: An Enhanced Lightweight Multi-Scale Underwater Object Detection Model.

Underwater images often exhibit characteristics such as low contrast, blurred and small targets, object clustering, and considerable variations in object morphology. Traditional detection methods tend to be susceptible to omission and false positives under these circumstances. Furthermore, owing to the constrained memory and limited computing power of underwater robots, there is a significant demand for lightweight models in underwater object detection tasks.

Dehydrocostus Lactone Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation by Targeting CYP2A6 to Improve Ischemic Brain Injury.

Background: Neuroinflammation is an important factor in ischemic stroke. Dehydrocostus lactone (DHC) plays an anti-inflammatory role in certain diseases. However, the role of DHC in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke remains unclear.

A safety message dissemination method in a travel guidance system.

In the past studies, a road accident message was often broadcast by forming a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), in which the safety message broadcasting methods often lead to broadcast storms. This study presented a method to broadcast accident messages in a travel guidance system (TGS) that avoids broadcast storms that avoids the need for vehicles to form an ad hoc network. Unlike most current methods, which disseminate messages to as many vehicles as possible, this method sends messages only to the exact vehicles that will be influenced by an accident.

Expression and potential regulatory mechanism of cellular senescence-related genes in Alzheimer's disease based on single-cell and bulk RNA datasets.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. However, the particular cause of AD development has not been fully elucidated. Currently, cellular senescence is recognized as a contributing factor to the aging process and age-related diseases.

Matrix-bound EGF promotes malignant phenotypes of breast cancer organoids in the biomimetic ECM of alginate.

As multiple malignant phenotypes appear during cancer progression, it is essential to recognize the possible mechanisms from original to metastatic states. However, both two-dimensional monolayer cell culture and in vivo animal models have their inherent limitations, such as lack of proper cell-ECM interactions and uncontrollable variables. By their heterogeneous simulation of tumor processes, 3D organoids can better recapitulate real tumor characteristics and more realistic responses to distinct factors.

CMSAF-Net: integrative network design with enhanced decoder for precision segmentation of pear leaf diseases.

Pear leaf diseases represent one of the major challenges in agriculture, significantly affecting fruit quality and reducing overall yield. With the advancement of precision agriculture, accurate identification and segmentation of diseased areas are critical for targeted disease management and optimizing crop production. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel segmentation model, CMSAF-Net, for pear leaf diseases.

Processing wheat straw into strong and flexible cellulose fiber bundle: Waste-to-wealth strategy.

The excessive reliance on traditional petroleum resources poses significant environmental challenges. Fortunately, agricultural straw, which is often regarded as a waste product, has considerable potential for various applications. However, these materials are frequently crushed into particles, thereby neglecting their inherent structural advantages.

The Classification of Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) and Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma (CPAM) Based on Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis.

: This study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1W + C) and T2-weighted (T2W) imaging modalities in differentiating vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and cerebellopontine angle meningiomas (CPAMs), aiming to optimize clinical imaging protocols for these tumors. : A retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 surgically and pathologically confirmed cases (65 VS, 32 CPAM) from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Imaging features from ADC, T1W + C, and T2W sequences were extracted using medical imaging software.

Beneficial effect of nisin supplementation at different dosages on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, immunity, and fecal microbial community of weaned piglets.

Background: Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, is widely used as a natural preservative for many food products. However, its effects on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets are unknown.

FFAE-UNet: An Efficient Pear Leaf Disease Segmentation Network Based on U-Shaped Architecture.

The accurate pest control of pear tree diseases is an urgent need for the realization of smart agriculture, with one of the key challenges being the precise segmentation of pear leaf diseases. However, existing methods show poor segmentation performance due to issues such as the small size of certain pear leaf disease areas, blurred edge details, and background noise interference. To address these problems, this paper proposes an improved U-Net architecture, FFAE-UNet, for the segmentation of pear leaf diseases.

Shionone protects cerebral ischemic injury through alleviating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), rapidly transition from a resting to an active state in the acute phase of ischemic brain injury. This active state mediates a pro-inflammatory response that can exacerbate the injury. Targeting the pro-inflammatory response of microglia in the semi-dark band during this acute phase may effectively reduce brain injury.

Wo interacts with SlTCP25 to regulate type I trichome branching in tomato.

Plant trichomes serve as a protective barrier against various stresses. Although the molecular mechanisms governing the initiation of trichomes have been extensively studied, the regulatory pathways underlying the trichome branching in tomato remain elusive. Here, we found that () mutant and its overexpression transgenic plants displayed branched type I trichomes The expression level of , a transcription factor of type TB1 of the TCP subfamily, was obviously decreased in mutant and overexpressing lines.

Development and validation of an ensemble learning risk model for sepsis after abdominal surgery.

Introduction: Although their importance has gained attention, the clinical applications of methods for screening patients at high risk of sepsis after abdominal surgery have been restricted. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate models for screening patients at high risk of sepsis after abdominal surgery based on machine learning with routine variables.

Material And Methods: The whole dataset was composed of three representative academic hospitals in China and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database.

Cloning, phylogenetic analysis, tissue expression profiling, and functional roles of NPC1L1 in chickens, quails, and ducks.

The Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine, is essential for cholesterol absorption from both dietary intake and biliary secretion. Despite this conserved function across mammals, the full-length coding sequence of NPC1L1 remains uncharacterized in key avian models including chicken (Gallus gallus), quail (Coturnix japonica), and duck (Anas platyrhynchos). In this study, we successfully cloned the full NPC1L1 mRNA sequence in chicken, quail, and duck, including the entire 5' and 3' untranslated regions, utilizing rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods.

Breathable and Self-Healing Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating Featuring Exceptional Liquid Impalement Resistance and Anti-/Deicing Capabilities for Concrete Materials.

Ice accumulation and moisture condensation pose significant challenges to the longevity and performance of modern architectural materials. Superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings often suffer mechanical and chemical degradation, particularly in outdoor settings subject to heavy rain or impact. Additionally, most existing coatings are airtight, leading to humidity accumulation and potential substrate deterioration, especially in cement-based materials.