0618A Volatiles Inhibit and Enhance Soil Health in the Biocontrol of Peanut Southern Blight.

Peanut southern blight, caused by , is a severe soil-borne disease. Given the adverse effects associated with chemical fungicides, this study investigated the biocontrol potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 0618A. VOCs produced by 0618A at 1 × 10 CFU/mL almost completely inhibited mycelial growth and sclerotia germination.

BST-2 Promotes N Protein Degradation and Inhibits Viral Replication Through the MARCHF8/NDP52 Autophagy Pathway.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently discovered enteric coronavirus that has caused considerable economic losses in the pig industry. SADS-CoV was first reported in 2017 in Guangdong Province, China, and subsequently in Fujian, Guangxi, Henan and Jiangxi Provinces. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2), also known as tetherin, acts as an antiviral protein to limit the release of a wide range of enveloped viruses.

The horse gut bacteriome and anaerobic mycobiome are influenced by seasonal forages and small intestinal starch digestibility.

Aims: The equine gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, housing a diverse consortium of bacteria and anaerobic fungi (AF) capable of breaking down complex plant matter and converting it into vital energy sources for their host. The aim of this study was to broaden our current understanding of bacterial and AF diversity in the equine hindgut and how it differs between cohorts and responds to dietary shifts.

Methods And Results: Faecal samples were collected from 48 horses and the bacteriome and anaerobic mycobiome analysed using long-read amplicon sequencing.

Association Between Lateral Femoral Condyle Height and Depth Ratio, Medial Tibial Plateau Slope, and Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture.

Background: The morphological features of the femoral condyles have recently attracted attention as a potential risk factor for knee injuries. However, little is known about whether the femoral condylar morphology is related to posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury.

Purpose: To investigate whether the morphological characteristics of the femoral condyle are risk factors for isolated PCL rupture.

Pharmaceuticals in drinking water in suburban communities in Chengdu, China: potential risks on the human health.

Water supplies have come under serious environmental stress in suburban communities in China due to developmental activities. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in county-level drinking water sources within Chengdu City. The solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the residues of pharmaceuticals in the water sources for water supply in Chengdu.

Metal-Phenolic Outer Membrane Vesicles for Cancer Radioimmunotherapy.

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with catalase deposition have significant potential for cancer immunotherapy, yet their therapeutic efficiency is limited by insufficient immune activation. Metal ions with a high atomic number could act as radiosensitizers to increase radiation-dose deposition at tumor sites and boost the immunogenic effects of radiotherapy (RT). Herein, we report metal-phenolic OMVs by cloaking OMVs with hafnium (Hf)-phenolic networks (Hf-OMVs) for enhanced cancer radioimmunotherapy.

Salidroside protects bovine hepatocytes against fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Fat mobilization and elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) resulting from severe negative energy balance (NEB) are the major causes of hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in dairy cows during the transition period. However, there is a lack of promising therapeutic agents to control NEFA-induced lipotoxicity in the liver of dairy cows. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salidroside (Sal), the principal bioactive component of Rhodiola, on NEFA-induced lipotoxicity in bovine hepatocytes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Starlike Au nanoparticle unleashing siDDIT3 and photothermal power to combat ferroptosis - driven osteoarthritis.

Unlabelled: Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common degenerative joint disease globally, has garnered increasing attention, and emerging evidence implicated ferroptosis played an important role in both its onset and progression. In this study, we identify DDIT3, a ferroptosis-related gene, from the GEO public database of OA patient data. We demonstrate that DDIT3 accelerates articular cartilage degeneration by promoting ferroptosis, making it a viable target for therapeutic intervention.

Hepatocyte necroptosis is associated with liver damage in dairy cows with ketosis.

Dairy cows with ketosis frequently exhibit impaired liver function and inflammation. Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with cellular lysis, releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) into injured tissues, thereby amplifying inflammatory responses and tissue damage. However, the role of necroptosis in the liver of ketotic cows remains unknown.

SAL1-PAP retrograde signaling orchestrates photosynthetic and extracellular reactive oxygen species for stress responses.

Cellular responses to abiotic stress involve multiple signals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca, abscisic acid (ABA), and chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signals such as 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). The mechanism(s) by which these messengers intersect for cell regulation remain enigmatic, as do the roles of retrograde signals in specialized cells. Here we demonstrate a mechanistic link enabling ABA and PAP to coordinate chloroplast and plasma membrane ROS production.

Interaction Between Glycoside Hydrolase FsGH28c from and PnPUB35 Confers Resistance in .

Pathogens deploy various molecular mechanisms to overcome host defenses, among which glycoside hydrolases (GHs) play a critical role as virulence factors. Understanding the functional roles of these enzymes is essential for uncovering pathogen-host interactions and developing strategies for disease management. wilt has occurred in the main cultivation regions, which seriously affects the yield and quality of .

Fungal Warriors: Effects of and on CCYV-Carrying Whiteflies.

is a major agricultural pest that affects both greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant sap, which impairs plant growth, and by secreting honeydew, promotes sooty mold growth that further reduces photosynthesis. Additionally, these insects are vectors for viruses such as the cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), which causes significant damage to cucurbit crops. Traditional chemical pesticide treatments have limitations, including the development of resistance, harm to non-target organisms, and environmental contamination.

Shionone protects cerebral ischemic injury through alleviating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), rapidly transition from a resting to an active state in the acute phase of ischemic brain injury. This active state mediates a pro-inflammatory response that can exacerbate the injury. Targeting the pro-inflammatory response of microglia in the semi-dark band during this acute phase may effectively reduce brain injury.

PABPC4 Inhibits SADS-CoV Replication by Degrading the Nucleocapsid Protein Through Selective Autophagy.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel enteric coronavirus that causes severe clinical diarrhea and intestinal pathological injury in pigs. Selective autophagy is an important mechanism of host defense against virus invasion. However, the mechanism through which SADS-CoV-mediated selective autophagy mediates the innate immune response remains unknown.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Derived Peptide-Conjugated Nanozyme-Integrated Photoenhanced Hybrid Hydrogel for Cascade-Regulated Bone Regeneration.

Critical-sized bone defects present a clinical challenge due to their limited self-repair capacity. Application of bone tissue-engineering scaffolds often overlooks the dynamic modulation of the microenvironment, resulting in unsatisfactory bone-regeneration outcomes. In this study, a bone morphogenetic protein-2-derived peptide-loaded honeycomb manganese dioxide (BHM) nanozyme was incorporated into a composite hydrogel (BHM@CG) composed of l-arginine-modified methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan and gallic acid-grafted methacrylated gelatin.

The underlying mechanism of Porcine Teschovirus 2 3C antagonizing the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Porcine teschovirus (PTV) can cause diseases such as poliomyelitis, pneumonia, and reproductive disorders in sows, but research on the pathogenesis of PTV infection is limited. In this investigation, we observed that PTV infection inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. PTV 3C inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis by degrading NLRP3, IL-1β, and GSDMD.

Potential of Virus-Mediated RNAi of Insect Genes in Plants to Control Aphids.

Expression of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in plants is an emerging strategy to efficiently control insects. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated pest control takes advantage of double-stranded RNA that can suppress the expression of one or more insect genes that encode key proteins. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a useful tool for plant expression of dsRNAs to control pests without altering the plant's genome.

A high-throughput protocol for testing heat-stress tolerance in pollen.

Unlabelled: Viable pollen is crucial for fertilization, but pollen is generally highly susceptible to heat stress. A quick, reliable method for testing the heat-stress tolerance of pollen is needed to improve the heat-stress tolerance in plants, but current methods require considerable space and labor. In addition, many such methods only test tolerance to a single constant temperature, making it time-consuming to screen heat tolerance over a wide temperature range and to examine the dynamics of pollen viability at different temperatures.

Photoinduced Assembly of Diverse Homoallylic Boronates from -Diborons.

In comparison to alkyl monoboron or 1,2-diboron, which can generate alkyl radicals via tetracoordinate boron species under photocatalytic conditions, the participation of -diborons as substrates in such reactions remains to be developed. Herein, we report a method utilizing -diborons as starting materials to generate α-boryl radicals, which then react with various olefins, successfully and efficiently constructing a diverse range of high-value homoallylic boronates; meanwhile, the -difluorohomoallylic skeletons could also be smoothly obtained. This transformation demonstrates broad substrate scope and excellent tolerance toward functional groups, enhancing the utility of -diboron as precursors for C-C bond construction and the production of valuable products.

Cytotoxic lymphocytes induced by engineered human dendritic cells mediate potent anti-leukemia activity.

Effective treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an urgent unmet need. Adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against leukemia-associated antigen (LAA) has strong potential to improve AML treatment. However, the clinical translation of this therapeutic modality is hindered by the difficulty of obtaining large quantities of LAA-specific CTLs.

The critical role of the Hippo signaling pathway in renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis is a fundamental pathological change in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases to the end stage of renal disease. The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionary highly conserved signaling pathway that is involved in the regulation of organ size, tissue regeneration, and human reproduction and development. Currently, many studies have shown that it is closely associated with renal diseases, such as, renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and renal cancer.

Microalgae-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Synergize with Herbal Hydrogel for Energy Homeostasis in Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains challenging owing to its complex pathological microenvironment, which involves reactive oxygen species, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, and cartilage degeneration. Herein, we report for extracellular vesicles (SP-EVs) derived from the photosynthetic microorganism contain antioxidative and ATP-dependent active and metabolic-related compounds for OA treatment. SP-EVs were effectively delivered to chondrocytes, demonstrating the potential for modulating cellular communication and energy homeostasis.

The role of glutathione S-transferase mu 2 in mitigating fatty acid-induced hepatic inflammation in dairy cows.

Fatty liver is a major metabolic disorder in perinatal dairy cows, characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and hepatic inflammation. Glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2), a phase II detoxification enzyme, regulates cellular antioxidant and detoxification processes in nonruminants. However, its involvement in NEFA-induced hepatic inflammation in dairy cows with fatty liver remains unclear.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α mediates nonesterified fatty acids and hypoxia-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes.

Ketosis is a metabolic disorder frequently occurring in the perinatal period, characterized by elevated circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) due to negative energy balance, resulting in fatty liver in dairy cows. However, the mechanism of hepatic steatosis induced by high concentrations of NEFA in ketosis remains unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), which mediates adaptation to hypoxic stress, plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism.

Quantitative peripheral live single T-cell dynamic polyfunctionality profiling predicts lung cancer checkpoint immunotherapy treatment response and clinical outcomes.

Background: Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportional score (TPS), remain limited in clinical applications.