Astragalus polysaccharides restore neutrophil functions and gut microbiota homeostasis in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in periparturient cows is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and energy metabolism disorders. Although in vitro studies show that free fatty acids (FFA) and BHB impair polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions-potentially causing secondary infections-limited in vivo evidence exists. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) modulate metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiota, but their effects on PMN functions and gut microbiota in SCK cows remain unclear.

Functional stomach loss preceding body inflation evolution in Tetraodontiformes: Evidence of gene loss and rapid evolution.

Tetraodontiformes species exhibit several evolutionary innovations, notably the convergent evolution of two traits in some clades: defensive body inflation and the loss of acid-peptic digestion. It has been widely believed that the evolution of body inflation drove the loss of gastric digestion, as ingesting seawater during inflation would hinder acidification and ultimately lead to the loss of gastric digestion. Leveraging accumulating genome resources, we investigated the presence, synteny, gene expression, and rapid evolution of nine genes associated with acid-peptic digestion across seven species from four Tetraodontiformes families, representing two branches that underwent convergent evolution.

Nonsurgical Therapies for Preventing Corneal Scarring: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade.

Corneal scarring remains a leading cause of visual impairment and preventable blindness worldwide, particularly where access to corneal transplantation is limited. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in nonsurgical therapies aimed at preventing or mitigating corneal fibrosis. This systematic review summarizes emerging nonsurgical interventions, including synthetic drugs, plant- and animal-derived bioactives, biologics, cell-based therapies, and gene therapies.

β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils through a degranulation-macrophage-1 antigen axis in cows with subclinical ketosis.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK), a common metabolic disorder in dairy cows during the peripartum period, is accompanied by systemic inflammation and elevated circulating BHB. β-Hydroxybutyrate contributes to the development of systemic inflammation by inhibiting the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils in SCK cows. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear.

The Primary Cultivation of Oogonial Stem Cells from Black Rockfish (): Morphology and Transcriptome Landscape.

Black rockfish () is a marine ovoviviparous teleost that exhibits significant sexual dimorphism, with females growing faster and reaching larger sizes than males. Establishing stable oogonial stem cells (OSCs) is critical for understanding germline stem cell dynamics and facilitating all-female breeding. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured OSCs from for 12 passages.

Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphisms With Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye With and Without Sjögren's Syndrome.

Purpose: Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) has been described in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. It is unknown whether non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSDE) is related to HLA. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic association of HLA polymorphism with dry eye disease (DED).

The hepatic expression status of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in subclinical and clinical ketotic dairy cows and its impact on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.

Due to sustained lipolysis, excessive nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations are a common pathological factor of ketosis in peripartal cows. The NEFA provide an energy source to the liver during the transition period, but when in excess they can induce hepatic steatosis and liver dysfunction. In nonruminants, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is involved in lipid metabolism processes in the liver.

Characteristics of oocyte fertilization and early embryo development in infertile women with different ovarian reserves in the Changde region, China.

This study investigates the correlation between different ovarian reserves and the oocyte fertilization rate as well as early embryo development in the Changde area. A total of 325 infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure were recruited in the study and classified according to their anti-Müllerian hormone level into 3 groups: low ovarian reserve (LOR), normal ovarian reserve (NOR), and high ovarian reserve (HOR). Compared with LOR, the rate of total fertilization, the number of oocytes retrieved, day 3 good quality embryo and blastocyst formation were found to be significantly increased in NOR and HOR, respectively.

Salidroside protects bovine hepatocytes against fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation by activating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.

Fat mobilization and elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) resulting from severe negative energy balance (NEB) are the major causes of hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in dairy cows during the transition period. However, there is a lack of promising therapeutic agents to control NEFA-induced lipotoxicity in the liver of dairy cows. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salidroside (Sal), the principal bioactive component of Rhodiola, on NEFA-induced lipotoxicity in bovine hepatocytes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Regulating electronic states of porous branched core-shell Pd@PtCo nanozyme by Co-doping for boosting colorimetric analytical performance of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

A total antioxidant capacity index is critical for assessing antioxidant quality and oxidative stress in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, typically measured through colorimetric detection of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AA). Herein, porous branched core-shell Pd@PtCo nanozyme was prepared by a one-pot wet-chemical co-reduction method. The Co-doping greatly improved the catalytic activity due to regulating electronic states of Pd@PtCo nanozyme.

Rapid detection of colorants in black tea using mid- and short-wave near infrared spectroscopy.

This study investigated the feasibility of using mid- and short-wave near-infrared (MS-NIR) spectroscopy for the rapid detection of colorants in black tea. A portable spectrometer was employed to acquire MS-NIR spectra from black tea samples. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) models were developed for the discriminative detection of three colorants: tartrazine, sunset yellow, and ponceau 4R.

Hepatocyte necroptosis is associated with liver damage in dairy cows with ketosis.

Dairy cows with ketosis frequently exhibit impaired liver function and inflammation. Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with cellular lysis, releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) into injured tissues, thereby amplifying inflammatory responses and tissue damage. However, the role of necroptosis in the liver of ketotic cows remains unknown.

Diagnostic efficacy of fecal-based miR-92a for advanced colorectal neoplasia: a prospective multicenter screening trial.

Background: More efficacious, noninvasive screening methods are needed for advanced colorectal neoplasia. miR-92a is a reliable and reproducible biomarker for early colorectal cancer detection in stool samples. We compared the diagnostic efficacies of miR-92a, immunochemical fecal occult blood testing (FIT), and their combination (FIT + miR-92a) in a prospective multicenter screening trial.

Ftz-f1 is involved in gonadal development by transcriptionally regulating the cyp19a1 gene in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

The cyp19a1 gene is a ubiquitous sex-related gene that encodes aromatase, which catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen. Expression of the cyp19a1 gene is closely tied to female sex differentiation. Therefore, we studied sexual expression differences and the transcriptional regulatory mechanism in a fish that is easily sex-reversible, the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

Dual-Parameter Hypoxia Sensing in Spermatozoa: A Transformative Nitroreductase/Viscosity Fluorescent Probe Unravels Metabolic Dysregulation Biomarkers for Andrological Diagnostics.

Sperm energy metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, is critical for sperm function. Environmental stressors like hypoxia can disrupt metabolic activities, potentially leading to fertilization failure. As an NADH-dependent flavin reductase, altered nitroreductase (NTR) levels may reflect hypoxic metabolic abnormalities.

A rapid and efficient microenvironment improving hyaluronic acid microneedle dressing for burn wound synergistic treatment.

Burn wounds are often accompanied by severe oxidative stress, sustained high expression of inflammation and solid bacterial biofilms formation. Therefore, it is urgent and important to develop strategies for effectively penetrate biofilms and rapidly regulate the burn pathological microenvironment. Herein, a multi-functional microneedle system was constructed for burn wounds synergistic treatment.

Enhancing cognitive memory function with kumquat () polyphenol extract: mechanisms of action in D-galactose-induced aging model mice.

Kumquat polyphenols, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, have been less studied for their potential to delay aging and enhance cognitive memory. This research involved extracting and analyzing free and bound phenols from oil-skinned kumquat () for their antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Whole fruit free phenols (WFP) at low dose (WFP-L, 50 mg per kg per day) and high dose (WFP-H, 200 mg per kg per day) were administered to D-galactose-induced senescence model mice over six weeks, examining their impact on cognitive memory function and intestinal flora.

Construction of vascularized liver microtissues recapitulates angiocrine-mediated hepatocytes maturation and enhances therapeutic efficacy for acute liver failure.

Liver failure poses a significant challenge for millions of patients. The use of primary human hepatocytes and the engineering of liver organoids or liver tissue provide promising solutions to mitigate the shortage of donor organs. However, insufficient vascularization and functional immaturity remain major barriers impeding optimal functional recovery after transplantation.

Valtrate alleviates inflammation by targeting USP9X to enhance NLRP3 degradation.

Background: The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of innate immunity and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Regulating NLRP3 has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. Valtrate (Val), a natural compound derived from Valeriana officinalis Jones, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Meningeal malignant solitary fibrous tumor with multiple recurrence, extracranial extension, cervical lymph node metastases: case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a spindle cell neoplasm originating from mesenchymal tissue. SFT is prone to local recurrence or distant metastasis. The main sites of metastasis include the liver, lung, and bone.

Genetic variants of mA modification genes and the risk of neuroblastoma: novel insights from a Chinese case-control study.

Background: The N-adenosine methylation (mA) modification plays a significant role in various cancers. However, the functions of mA modification genes and their variants in neuroblastoma remain to be elucidated.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving 402 neuroblastoma patients and 473 cancer-free controls from China via the TaqMan genotyping method to evaluate mA modification gene polymorphisms.

Analysis of Lifestyle and Genetic Risk Factors in Urban Women in China Who Had Malignant or Suspected Malignant Breast Nodules Identified via Breast Cancer Screening.

Objective: Breast cancer seriously endangers women's health. It is very important to analyze the lifestyle and genetic risk factors for people with malignant or suspected malignant nodules in breast cancer screening for the prevention of breast cancer.

Methods: A total of 3,142 urban female residents in southern China completed a clinical screening for breast cancer.

synchrotron X-ray diffraction for actuation in sodium bismuth titanate relaxor ferroelectrics.

Sodium bismuth titanate-based (NBT-based) ergodic relaxor ferroelectrics have garnered significant attention for actuator applications due to their fully reversible electrostrain behavior. In general, it is believed that the electrostain originates from three main aspects: electric field-induced phase transitions with volume changes, non-180° domain switching, and lattice stretching without volume changes. However, the individual contribution remains to be quantitatively understood.

High entropy modulated quantum paraelectric perovskite for capacitive energy storage.

Electrostatic capacitors are critical components in the power system of electric vehicles (EVs). The current commercially available solutions are largely based on ferroelectric oxides of which the permittivity decrease with increasing electric field. Here, we propose a high entropy modulation design in a quantum paraelectric-ferroelectric/antiferroelectric matrix, which enables a stable and field-independent energy charge/discharge response across a wide voltage range.