Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosing subtypes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a comparative study with poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Pathologically, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is classified into small-duct (SD) type and large-duct (LD) type, each with distinct clinicopathological characteristics. The contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of the two ICC types remain insufficiently explored.

Purpose: To evaluate liver CEUS imaging for differentiating the SD and LD types of ICC and further compare them with poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (pHCC).

(+)-/(-)-Ormohenins A and B, two pairs of ormosanine-type enantiomers and their derivatives with neuroprotective activity from Ormosia henryi Prain.

Two pairs of undescribed alkaloid enantiomers, (+)-/(-)-ormohenins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the seeds of Ormosia henryi Prain, along with four undescribed alkaloids (3, 4, 7 and 8) and seven known ones (5, 6, 9-13). Compounds 1-6 belong to the ormosanine-type alkaloids, compounds 7, 9, and 11 are of the lupinine-type, compounds 8 and 10 are classified as anagyrine-type alkaloids, 12 and 13 are cytisine-type alkaloids. The chemical structures of 1-13 were elucidated through comprehensive NMR and MS data analyses.

Application of sialography in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgG4-related sialadenitis.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify imaging features of IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) and differentiate it from Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and chronic obstructive parotid/submandibular sialadenitis (COP/COS).

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of sialographic findings was conducted on 40 IgG4-RS patients. Two radiologists blindly evaluated sialographic features, including ductal dilation, wall smoothness, duct interruption, acinar patterns, and glandular emptying.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease at Quantitative US: International Prospective Study.

Background Quantitative US is promising in assessing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but prospective multicenter studies are lacking. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative US in assessing MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Materials and Methods This prospective study included participants with MASLD from tertiary hospitals in China and Korea, undergoing multiparametric US from August 2021 to December 2023.

Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationship between brain imaging-derived phenotypes and risk of low back pain.

Low back pain (LBP) has long been the leading cause of worldwide productivity loss and the top cause of years lived with disability. Observational studies have reported associations between brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and LBP; however, it is uncertain whether these relationships are causal. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to explore the causal relationship between IDPs and LBP.

Dual-energy CT angiography-Guided vascularised free thoracodorsal artery lateral branch chimeric flaps for complex maxillofacial defect repair: An anatomical and clinical study.

A modified thoracodorsal artery lateral branch (TDAL) chimeric flap was developed using dual-energy computed tomography (CT) angiography data of perforators to explore the anatomical characteristics and postoperative outcomes of TDAL flaps in complex maxillofacial defect repair. TDAL flaps were harvested from patients with locally advanced oral cancer. Preoperative perforator detection was performed with dual-energy CT angiography.

Multimodal ultrasound: a non-invasive method for identifying dedifferentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma during active surveillance.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of multimodal ultrasound in differentiating anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to evaluate its capability in detecting thyroid carcinoma (TC) aggressiveness.

Methods: Sixty nude mice were randomly assigned to ATC and PTC groups and injected subcutaneously with KHM-5M and TPC-1 cell lines, respectively. Tumors were analyzed using B-mode ultrasound (B-US), Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

A new thyroid imaging reporting and data system for nodules: Based on grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography.

Objective: To construct and validate a new thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) based on radiating blood flow and grayscale US features.

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled patients from 4 hospitals from January 2018 to November 2023 retrospectively and prospectively. All US features associated with malignant thyroid nodules were assessed by multivariable logistic regression to construct baseline US TI-RADS (BUS TI-RADS), which was tested with internal validation set, external validation set and prospective validation set.

Contrast-enhanced US Bosniak Classification: intra- and inter-rater agreement, confounding features, and diagnostic performance.

Background: The contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) Bosniak classification, proposed by the European Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) in 2020, predicts malignancy in cystic renal masses (CRMs). However, intra- and inter-rater reproducibility for CEUS features has not been well investigated.

Purpose: To explore intra- and inter-rater agreement for US features, identify confounding features, and assess the diagnostic performance of CEUS Bosniak classification.

Prediction of allograft function in pre-transplant kidneys using sound touch elastography (STE): an ex vivo study.

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate renal quality and predict posttransplant graft function using ex vivo sound touch elastography (STE).

Methods: In this prospective study, 106 donor kidneys underwent ex vivo STE examination and biopsy from March 2022 to August 2023. The mean stiffness of the superficial cortex (STE), deep cortex (STE), and medulla (STE) was obtained and synthesized into one index (STE) through the factor analysis method.

Prediction of testicular histology in azoospermia patients through deep learning-enabled two-dimensional grayscale ultrasound.

Testicular histology based on testicular biopsy is an important factor for determining appropriate testicular sperm extraction surgery and predicting sperm retrieval outcomes in patients with azoospermia. Therefore, we developed a deep learning (DL) model to establish the associations between testicular grayscale ultrasound images and testicular histology. We retrospectively included two-dimensional testicular grayscale ultrasound from patients with azoospermia (353 men with 4357 images between July 2017 and December 2021 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China) to develop a DL model.

Ultrasomics differentiation of malignant and benign focal liver lesions based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Objectives: To establish a nomogram for differentiating malignant and benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) using ultrasomics features derived from contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Methods: 527 patients were retrospectively enrolled. On the training cohort, ultrasomics features were extracted from CEUS and b-mode ultrasound (BUS).

Nomogram based on liver stiffness and spleen area with ultrasound for posthepatectomy liver failure: A multicenter study.

Background: Liver stiffness (LS) measurement with two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) correlates with the degree of liver fibrosis and thus indirectly reflects liver function reserve. The size of the spleen increases due to tissue proliferation, fibrosis, and portal vein congestion, which can indirectly reflect the situation of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. It was reported that the size of the spleen was related to posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Ultrasomics in liver cancer: Developing a radiomics model for differentiating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) represent the predominant histological types of primary liver cancer, comprising over 99% of cases. Given their differing biological behaviors, prognoses, and treatment strategies, accurately differentiating between HCC and ICC is crucial for effective clinical management. Radiomics, an emerging image processing technology, can automatically extract various quantitative image features that may elude the human eye.

Liver stiffness in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis patients: Hepatitis B virus infection and transaminases should be considered.

Background: Liver condition is a crucial prognostic factor for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but a convenient and comprehensive method to assess liver condition is lacking. Liver stiffness (LS) measured by two-dimensional shear wave elastography may help in assessing liver fibrosis and liver condition. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an important risk factor for HCC progression, but LS was found to be less reliable in assessing liver fibrosis following hepatitis viral eradication.

Ultrasound findings and clinical characteristics in differentiating renal urothelial carcinoma from endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and features of conventional ultrasound (CUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating between renal urothelial carcinomas (RUC) and endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinomas (EccRCC).

Methods: A total of 72 RUCs and 120 EccRCCs confirmed by pathology were assessed retrospectively. Both CUS and CEUS were performed within 4 weeks before the surgery.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Radioactive Iodine-Induced Sialadenitis: A 10-Year Endoscopic Experience.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the endoscopic characteristics of radioactive iodine-induced sialadenitis (RAIS), and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of endoscopic intervention for RAIS.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients (11 males and 71 females) diagnosed as RAIS from Nov.

Radiating blood flow signal: A new ultrasound feature of thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: To summary radiating blood flow signals and evaluate their diagnostic value in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively recruited consecutive patients undergoing US at 4 hospitals from 2018 to 2022. In a training dataset, the correlations of US features with malignant thyroid nodules were assessed by multivariate logistic analysis.

US-based Sequential Algorithm Integrating an AI Model for Advanced Liver Fibrosis Screening.

Background Noninvasive tests can be used to screen patients with chronic liver disease for advanced liver fibrosis; however, the use of single tests may not be adequate. Purpose To construct sequential clinical algorithms that include a US deep learning (DL) model and compare their ability to predict advanced liver fibrosis with that of other noninvasive tests. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included adult patients with a history of chronic liver disease or unexplained abnormal liver function test results who underwent B-mode US of the liver between January 2014 and September 2022 at three health care facilities.

Divergent Total Syntheses of Lycorine Alkaloids via a Sequential C-H Functionalization Strategy.

A Pd-catalyzed one-pot sequential C-H functionalization strategy was utilized to prepare four lycorine alkaloids and one -lycorine alkaloid from the common intermediate . By switching the followed oxidative conditions of air, DMSO/HO/I, and DMSO/O, based on the Pd(PPh)/KCO/toluene catalytic system, three key intermediates , , and with different substitution patterns could be obtained in a well-controlled manner. As a result, four natural products γ-lycorane, hippadine, anhydrolycorinone, and anhydrolycorine as well as a -lycorine alkaloid Δ-6-oxodihydrolycorine were successfully synthesized within 10 steps through this divergent route.

Bowel Stiffness Assessed by Shear-Wave Ultrasound Elastography Predicts Disease Behavior Progression in Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: There is a lack of reliable predictors of disease behavior progression in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) is a novel method for evaluating tissue stiffness. However, its value for assessing CD has not yet been investigated.

Imaging-based diagnosis and classification of radioactive iodine-induced sialadenitis.

Objectives: To establish an inflammation grading system for radioactive iodine-induced sialadenitis (RAIS) based on spiral computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography and sialography.

Methods: In all, 120 RAIS patients (18 males and 102 females) were retrospectively included. Spiral CT, ultrasonography and sialography appearances were analysed and categorized as follows: grade I, approximately normal or mild sialadenitis; grade II, moderate sialadenitis; and grade III, severe sialadenitis.

Hosimosines A-E, structurally diverse cytisine derivatives from the seeds of Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils.

Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils (Fabaceae family) is an arbor species endemic to China. The seeds of O.