A Comprehensive Review: Genetic Mapping of Genes Associated with Green Leaf Color Variations in Main Vegetable Crops.

The diversity in the coloration of vegetable leaves carries substantial commercial and nutritional importance. Investigating mutants of vegetable leaf color is of paramount importance for uncovering the mechanisms behind leaf color variation and for developing new high-yielding vegetable varieties with enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. This paper encapsulates the principal advancements in research concerning vegetable leaf color mutants, elucidates the origins and gene mapping techniques for these mutants, and delineates the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in leaf color transformation.

Unraveling the role of M2 TAMs in ovarian cancer dynamics: a systematic review.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the dominant immune cell subset within the ovarian tumor microenvironment, which exhibits remarkable plasticity. They can readily undergo polarization toward an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in response to various factors secreted by tumor cells, playing a pivotal role in ovarian cancer advancement and the development of resistance to chemotherapy. M2 TAMs promote the invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells and their resistance to therapeutic agents through the secretion of numerous tumor-promoting factors, including cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and exosomes.

Serum NLR combined with CA125 and HE4 improves the diagnostic and prognostic efficiency in patients with ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) represents a common neoplasm within the female reproductive tract. The prognosis for patients diagnosed at advanced stages is unfavorable, primarily attributable to the absence of reliable screening markers for early detection. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) serves as an indicator of host inflammatory response and has been linked to poorer overall survival (OS) across various cancer types; however, its examination in OC remains limited.

Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Milk Fat Globules in Goat () Milk during Different Lactations and Human Milk.

Goat milk is considered the optimal substitute for human milk and is characterized by variations in the lipid composition of its fat globules across lactation phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the differences between goat milk during different lactations and human milk, aiming to offer scientific guidance for the production of functional dairy products. Compared with transitional and mature milk, the findings indicated that the total membrane protein content in goat colostrum exhibited greater similarity to that found in human milk.

Comprehensive analysis of phospholipid in milk and their biological roles as nutrients and biomarkers.

Phospholipids (PL) have garnered significant attention due to their physiological activities. Milk and other dairy products are important dietary sources for humans and have been extensively used to analyze the presence of PL by various analytical techniques. In this paper, the analysis techniques of PL were reviewed with the eight trigrams of phospholipidomics and a comprehensive fingerprint of 1295 PLs covering 8 subclasses in milk and other dairy products, especially.

AFB1 Triggers Lipid Metabolism Disorders through the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Mediates Apoptosis Leading to Hepatotoxicity.

As the most prevalent mycotoxin in agricultural products, aflatoxin B1 not only causes significant economic losses but also poses a substantial threat to human and animal health. AFB1 has been shown to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the underlying mechanism is not thoroughly researched. Here, we explored the toxicity mechanism of AFB1 on human hepatocytes following low-dose exposure based on transcriptomics and lipidomics.

Lipidomic profiling study on neurobehavior toxicity in zebrafish treated with aflatoxin B1.

Mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been proven to cause neurotoxicity, but its potential interference with the normal function of brain tissue is not fully defined. As the indispensable role of lipids in maintaining the normal function of brain tissue, the aim of this study is to clarify the effect of AFB1 short-term (7 days) exposure on brain tissue from the perspective of lipid metabolism. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to two concentrations (5, 20 μg/L).

Fabrication of UV-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Compact FeO Electron Transport Layer by FeCl Solution and FeO Nanoparticles.

Even though FeO is reported as the electron-transporting layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), its fabrication and defects limit its performance. Herein, we report a FeO ETL prepared from FeCl solution with a dopant FeO nanoparticle modification. It is found that the mixed solution can reduce the defects and enhance the performance of FeO ETL, contributing to improved electron transfer and suppressed charge recombination.

A secreted fungal subtilase interferes with rice immunity via degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1.

Serine protease subtilase, found widely in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, participates in various biological processes. However, how fungal subtilase regulates plant immunity is a major concern. Here, we identified a secreted fungal subtilase, UvPr1a, from the rice false smut (RFS) fungus Ustilaginoidea virens.

Benzimidazole-Resistant Isolates with E198A/V/K Mutations in the β-Tubulin Gene Possess Different Fitness and Competitive Ability in .

Previous studies in showed that resistance to methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBCs) was mainly related to E198A/V/K and F200Y mutations of the β-tubulin gene, and E198V was the dominant mutation in the resistant subpopulation in Hubei Province of China, indicating that resistant mutations might influence fitness. However, little is known about the effect of each E198A/V/K mutation on fitness. In this study, the fitness and competitive ability of isolates with E198A/V/K mutations were investigated.

Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-Arylindolines and 2,2-Disubstituted Indolines by Kinetic Resolution.

Kinetic resolution of 2-arylindolines (2,3-dihydroindoles) was achieved by treatment of their N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) derivatives with n-butyllithium and sparteine in toluene at -78 °C followed by electrophilic quench. The unreacted starting materials together with the 2,2-disubstituted products could be isolated with high enantiomer ratios. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy showed that the rate of Boc rotation was fast (ΔG ≈57 kJ/mol at 195 K).

Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Function of the Putative Ester Cyclase UvEC1 in the Pathogenicity of the Rice False Smut Fungus .

Rice false smut is a fungal disease distributed worldwide and caused by . In this study, we identified a putative ester cyclase (named as UvEC1) as being significantly upregulated during infection. UvEC1 contained a SnoaL-like polyketide cyclase domain, but the functions of ketone cyclases such as SnoaL in plant fungal pathogens remain unclear.

Comprehensive identification of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated proteins in Ustilaginoidea virens reveals the involvement of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in fungal virulence.

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (K ) is a newly identified post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important roles in transcription and cell proliferation in eukaryotes. However, its function remains unknown in phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we performed a comprehensive assessment of K in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach.

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of Novel Substituted 5-Anilino-α-Glucofuranose Derivatives.

In order to find novel antitumor candidate agents with high efficiency and low toxicity, 14 novel substituted 5-anilino-α-glucofuranose derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities in vitro. Their structures were characterized by NMR ( H and C) and HR-MS, and configuration (R/S) at C(5) was identified by two-dimensional H, H-NOESY-NMR spectrum. Their antiproliferative activities against human tumor cells were investigated by MTT assay.

Novel 4-arylaminoquinazolines bearing ,-diethyl(aminoethyl)amino moiety with antitumour activity as EGFR-TK inhibitor.

Herein, four novel 4-arylaminoquinazoline derivatives with ,-diethyl(aminoethyl)amino moiety were designed, synthesised and evaluated on biological activities . All synthesised compounds have inhibitory effects against tumour cells (SW480, A549, A431 and NCI-H1975). In particular, 4-(3-chloro-4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)phenylamino)-6-(5-((,-diethyl(aminoethyl))aminomethyl)furan-2-yl)quinazoline () and 6-(5-((,-diethylethyl)aminomethyl)furan-2-yl)-4-(4-()-(propen-1-yl)phenylamino)quinazoline () were potent antitumour agents which showed high antiproliferative activities against tumour cells .

Enrichment of novel quinazoline derivatives with high antitumor activity in mitochondria tracked by its self-fluorescence.

In novel synthetic 28 4-arylamino-6-fluoro quinazoline derivatives, compound 3a displayed the most remarkable inhibitory activities against tumor cells (IC values ranging between 0.71 and 2.30 μM) in vitro.

Catalyst-Free Deaminative Functionalizations of Primary Amines by Photoinduced Single-Electron Transfer.

The use of pyridinium-activated primary amines as photoactive functional groups for deaminative generation of alkyl radicals under catalyst-free conditions is described. By taking advantage of the visible light absorptivity of electron donor-acceptor complexes between Katritzky pyridinium salts and either Hantzsch ester or Et N, photoinduced single-electron transfer could be initiated in the absence of a photocatalyst. This general reactivity platform has been applied to deaminative alkylation (Giese), allylation, vinylation, alkynylation, thioetherification, and hydrodeamination reactions.

Synthesis and kinetic resolution of substituted tetrahydroquinolines by lithiation then electrophilic quench.

Treatment of -Boc-2-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with -butyllithium in THF at -78 °C resulted in efficient lithiation at the 2-position and the organolithiums were trapped with a variety of electrophiles to give substituted products. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy gave kinetic data that showed that the rate of -butoxycarbonyl (Boc) rotation was fast (Δ ≈ 45 kJ mol at -78 °C) and ReactIR spectroscopy showed fast lithiation at -78 °C. By carrying out the lithiation in the presence of the chiral ligand sparteine, kinetic resolutions with very high levels of enantioselectivity were achieved.

6,7-Dimorpholinoalkoxy quinazoline derivatives as potent EGFR inhibitors with enhanced antiproliferative activities against tumor cells.

A series of novel 6,7-dimorpholinoalkoxy quinazoline derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated as potent EGFR inhibitors. Most of synthesized derivatives exhibited moderate to excellent antiproliferative activities against five human tumor cell lines. Compound 8d displayed the most remarkable inhibitory activities against tumor cells expressing wild type (A431, A549 and SW480 cells) or mutant (HCC827 and NCI-H1975 cells) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (with IC values in the range of 0.

Quinazoline-1-deoxynojirimycin hybrids as high active dual inhibitors of EGFR and α-glucosidase.

A series of novel quinazoline-1-deoxynojirimycin hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against two drug target enzymes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and α-glucosidase. Some synthesized compounds exhibited significantly inhibitory activities against the tested enzymes. Comparing with reference compounds gefitinib and lapatinib, compounds 7d, 8d, 9b and 9d showed higher inhibitory activities against EGFR (IC: 1.

Novel 4-arylaminoquinazoline derivatives with (E)-propen-1-yl moiety as potent EGFR inhibitors with enhanced antiproliferative activities against tumor cells.

A series of novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives with (E)-propen-1-yl moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for biological activities in vitro. Most compounds exhibited highly antiproliferative activities against all tested tumor cell lines including A431, A549, NCI-H1975 and SW480 cells. Especially, compound 6e not only presented strong antiproliferative activities against the tested four tumor cell lines (IC of 1.

Isolation and identification of new chemical constituents from Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) and toxicological evaluation of raw and cooked Chinese chive.

Chinese chive (jiu cai) is a popular vegetable in China and has a unique flavour and aroma. The molecular basis of the characteristic fragrance and nutritional properties of Chinese chive has not been previously identified. Sequential extractions in a series of solvents and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate 40 compounds from Chinese chive.

Synthesis of substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by lithiation then electrophilic quench.

Substituted N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines were prepared and treated with n-butyllithium in THF at -50 °C to test the scope of the metallation and electrophilic quench. The lithiation was optimised by using in situ ReactIR spectroscopy and the rate of rotation of the carbamate was determined. The 1-lithiated intermediates could be trapped with a variety of electrophiles to give good yields of 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline products.