Anti-epileptic effect of saikosaponin a by inhibiting ferroptosis via the IL-17/Akt/ERK signaling pathway in the temporal lobe epilepsy model.

Saikosaponin A (SSa), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, possesses multiple pharmacological properties, including anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which SSa exerts therapeutic effects in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), with a particular focus on the involvement of ferroptosis pathways. In a kainic acid-induced TLE mouse model, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to monitor seizure frequency.

Preparation and characterization of a iRGD-modified recombinant spider silk particles for antitumor polypeptide drug delivery into cancer cells.

Spider silk is highly attractive material because of its superior mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility, enabling it to self-assemble into a wide range of morphological structures for drug delivery system. However, most spider silk particles developed as drug carriers are based on complex repetitive domains of spider silk proteins and exhibit relatively large particle sizes (> 300 nm), which limits their biomedical applications. In this study, we engineered a novel recombinant spider silk protein (NC-iRGD) by integrating terminal domains derived from major ampullate silk and the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD.

A pomalidomide-based gefitinib PROTAC degrader effectively inhibits lung cancer progression in EGFR-TKIs-acquired resistant models by targeting EGFR degradation and ETFA-mediated ATP generation.

Activating mutations in EGFR confer sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs and are associated with improved outcomes. However, resistance develops due to a secondary mutation in EGFR, limiting the benefits of lung cancer patients with EGFR-TKIs. There is an urgent need of improved therapeutics for lung cancer patients harboring EGFR activating mutation.

Macrophage Derived Galectin-3 Promotes Renal Fibrosis and Diabetic Kidney Disease by Enhancing TGFβ1 Signaling.

Over 30% of patients with type 2 diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which has emerged as a major contributor to end stage renal disease. Renal fibrosis represents the final pathological outcome of most chronic kidney disease, particularly DKD. This study demonstrates elevated levels of Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin associated with inflammatory and fibrotic conditions, in the plasma and kidneys of DKD mice.

Developing and validating a prognostic model to predict ICU mortality in patients with sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia: a retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV.

Objective: Given the high morbidity and mortality of patients with sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SATP) in the intensive care unit, this study retrospectively analysed the influencing factors for poor prognosis in patients with SATP using the MIMIC database, constructed a nomogram model and verified the predictive performance of the model.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The data from MIMIC-IV, V.

Clinical adverse events to voclosporin: a real-world drug safety study based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objectives: Voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor, is emerging as a promising treatment for lupus nephritis (LN). It inhibits T and B cell activation with unique pharmacokinetic profile and superior safety. To optimise clinical management, a comprehensive assessment of real-world safety is urgently needed.

Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Elderly Patients with Chronic Lung Respiratory Disease in Ningbo, China: Impact of Free Vaccination Policies and the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Elderly patients with chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRDs) demonstrate an increased susceptibility to complications arising from influenza. Influenza vaccination remains the most effective strategy against influenza-related diseases among elderly CLRD patients. This study aimed to evaluate the influenza vaccination status of older CLRD patients and the factors affecting influenza vaccination.

MITF promotes MFN2-dependent mitochondrial fusion to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from mitochondrial damage.

There is growing indication that protecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) against mitochondrial damage is crucial for preventing RPE cell dysfunction and retinal degeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a potent antioxidant inducer in RPE, promotes mitochondrial fusion in RPE cells and protects them from mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitochondrial damage in ARPE-19 or mouse primary RPE cells ex vivo and Mitf heterozygous mice (Mitf-/+), Mitf-overexpressing transgenic mice (Dct-Mitf) or AAV mediated MITF overexpression mice in vivo.

Transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatic insights into myocardial injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Myocardial injury is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and is associated with poor outcomes. While RNA plays a critical role in pathophysiological processes, its expression patterns and functions in myocardial injury after aSAH (aSAH-MI) remain poorly understood.

Objective: To construct the RNA expression profile of aSAH-MI patients, explore their biological functions, and establish a gene expression regulatory network for aSAH-MI.

The effects of indole-2,3-dione on radiosensitivity of U251 cells and zebrafish embryos.

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for gliomas, which are among the most malignant tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). A significant challenge in glioma radiotherapy is improving tumor control while minimizing damage to normal nervous tissue. In this study, we investigated the dual role of indole-2,3-dione (Isatin, ISA), a compound with diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, in modulating radiosensitivity.

Burden of cataracts in developing countries: a trend analysis based on data from China, 1990 to 2021.

Objective: To investigate the trends in cataract-related blindness and vision impairment burden among cataract patients in China, the largest developing country, from 1990 to 2021, providing evidence to inform future cataract prevention and control strategies in developing countries.

Patients And Methods: This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to assess the prevalence, age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), and years lived with disability (YLDs) associated with cataract-related blindness and visual impairment in China and other regions from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression, decomposition analysis, and ARIMA modeling were employed to analyze trends and predict future disease burden.

Pharmacological inhibition of PLK1/PRC1 triggers mitotic catastrophe and sensitizes lung cancers to chemotherapy.

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling drives tumor malignancy and chemotherapy resistance, which is an unmet clinical need. Recruiting PLK1 to the central spindle during anaphase is necessary for its function in promoting cancer cell proliferation, which is achieved by binding to microtubule-associated protein regulating of cytokinesis (PRC1) located in the spindle. However, the role of PLK1/PRC1 signaling in chemotherapy resistance is unknown.

Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Three-Dimensional Visualization Perspective.

In Asia, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy is an alternative therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the current application of HAIC lacks precision, as drug dosages are typically calculated based solely on body surface area. This approach often results in underdosing for patients with larger liver tumors or greater liver volume and overdosing for those with smaller liver tumors or reduced liver volume.

Efficacy of Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment With Choroidal Detachment: Analysis by Proteomics.

Purpose: Glucocorticoids are widely used for their anti-inflammatory properties, but their specific molecular mechanisms in treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) remain unclear. This study aims to identify key regulatory factors in the vitreous humor of RRDCD patients and analyze protein changes after hormonal intervention.

Methods: Vitreous fluid samples were collected during surgery from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD, n = 40), non-glucocorticoid treated RRDCD (nT-RRDCD, n = 35), and glucocorticoid-treated RRDCD (T-RRDCD, n = 32).

Scutellarein ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension via sirtuin 1 mediated deacetylation of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase.

Scutellarein (Sc), a natural flavonoid, holds potential for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), yet its mechanisms remain unexplored. This study investigated Sc's therapeutic effects and underlying pathways in PAH. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Sc significantly attenuated right ventricular hypertension, pulmonary arterial remodeling, αSMA expression, and vascular inflammation in PAH models.

The association between the C-reactive protein-to-albumin-to-lymphocyte index and retinopathy: insights from a population-based study.

Introduction: Retinopathy is a multifactorial disease influenced by metabolism, immunity, inflammation, and other factors. The C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel immunonutritional score that has shown promise in various health contexts. This study aims to investigate the association between the CALLY index and retinopathy risk, and to compare its predictive performance with other established inflammatory markers.

Fragment Autoantigens Stimulated T-Cell-Immunotherapy (FAST) as a Fast Autologous Cancer Vaccine.

Tumor cells often down-regulate antigen presentation and mount an immunosuppressive microenvironment, hindering successful cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development. Additionally, due to genomic instability, tumor cells are usually heterogeneous and constantly evolving. Therefore, vaccines need broad antigen coverage and rapid preparation.

Targeting the CXCR7 pathway with TC14012 to inhibit endothelial necroptosis and lung cancer metastasis.

Endothelial necroptosis plays a crucial role in regulating cancer metastasis. Our previous research demonstrated that TC14012, which is an agonist of CXCR7, exhibits protective effects against endothelial injury. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of TC14012 on endothelial necroptosis and cancer lung metastasis, along with deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Rituximab therapy for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Rituximab (RTX) is utilized for treating connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) by eliminating pathogenic B cells, yet its clinical benefit remains debated. This study evaluates RTX's efficacy and safety in CTD-ILD.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies on RTX in CTD-ILD up to May 24, 2024.

Combination Therapy Dramatically Promotes Remyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease in the central nervous system that is characterized by demyelination, axonal degeneration, and progressive neurological disability and is so far incurable. Current medications are predominantly immune-targeted but fail to prevent disease progression due to their inability to actively promote remyelination. Small molecules have been reported to promote myelin regeneration but their therapeutic efficacy is limited by insufficient immune modulation.

Novel Biomarkers for Screening Retinal Detachment Associated with Choroidal Detachment Using DIA-MS-Based Proteomics.

Purpose: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) is known for its rapid progression and poor prognosis, making it a subject of significant clinical interest due to its complex pathogenesis. This study aims to utilize mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis of vitreous humor to identify proteins and biomarkers critical to the pathophysiology of RRDCD.

Methods: Data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry was employed to analyze vitreous humor samples from RRDCD and Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients.

CRF12 specifically regulates the flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana under non-inductive conditions.

The flowering time of Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant, is significantly accelerated when exposed to long-day (LD) conditions, as it is a typical LD plant. Consequently, the investigation of the flowering regulatory network in A. thaliana under LD conditions has garnered considerable attention in the study of flowering signals, resulting in a significant breakthrough.