The intermolecular differences in dissolved organic matter derived from microplastics during photo-aging and photo-bio-aging processes.

Microplastics (MPs) at the ocean surface undergo synergistic aging through irradiation and biological processes, leading to substantial release of dissolved organic matter (DOM). While extensive characterizations have been conducted on MPs-DOM derived from single-photo-aging processes, the molecular properties derived from combined photo-bio-aging processes and their intermolecular differences remained poorly understood, despite the latter's heightened environmental relevance. This study systematically investigated the molecular characteristics and transformation pathways of MPs-DOM derived from aliphatic (polypropylene) and aromatic (polystyrene) polymers under single ultraviolet irradiation and continuous photo and enzymatic reactions.

Delivery of penetration-enhancing antioxidant polyphenol nanoparticles with Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide microneedles for synergistic treatment of psoriasis.

Poor drug penetration due to local skin thickening and microenvironmental redox imbalance remain a critical challenge in the treatment of epidermal diseases. Considering that oxidative stress due to the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the skin microenvironment is one of the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we developed a ROS-sensitive transdermal drug delivery system to enhance topical treatment of psoriasis. Cross-linked cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (COF) containing curcumin (CUR) was dispersed in two types of dissolving polysaccharide microneedles (CPPAP-MNs-CUR@COF, CPPNP-MNs-CUR@COF) made from Codonopsis pilosula neutral polysaccharides (CPPNP) and acidic polysaccharides (CPPAP) for topical administration.

A Quantitative Relationship between Settling and Wettability for Weathered Microplastics in Aquatic Systems.

Settling plays a crucial role in determining the residence time, distribution, transport, and ultimate fate of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. The settling dynamics of particles are influenced by their macroscale shape, mesoscale roundness, and microscale surface properties, along with ambient fluid flow conditions. Variations in the wettability of submillimeter MPs affect molecular interactions at the particle-water interface, altering the microscopic flow field and subsequently modifying drag forces during settling.

Occurrence of microplastics and distinct plastisphere in aquatic environments of metal mining areas in South China.

Microplastic pollution is a growing global environmental concern, significantly impacting aquatic ecosystems. In metal mining regions, acid mine drainage (AMD) can exacerbate the issue as microplastics may carry heavy metals, heightening the risks to both human health and ecosystems. AMD can also form a distinct plastisphere further influencing the behavior and distribution of heavy metals.

Adsorption and desorption of phenanthrene and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene by goethite-coated polyvinyl chloride.

Microplastics loaded with phenanthrene and derivatives are widely detected in aquatic environments, and the coating of natural minerals or organic macromolecules may change the environmental behavior of microplastics. In this study, three kinds of composites with different coverage were prepared by coating goethite on the surface of polyvinyl chloride microplastics to investigate the adsorption and desorption behavior of phenanthrene (PHE) and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHPHE), and the effect of mucin on desorption was investigated. The results showed that goethite promoted the adsorption of PHE and 1-OHPHE by increasing the specific surface area of the composites.

The community dynamic alterations mechanisms of traveling plastics in the Pearl River estuary with the salinity influence.

Most ocean plastics originate from terrestrial emissions, and the plastisphere on the plastics would alter during the traveling due to the significant differences in biological communities between freshwater and marine ecosystems. Microorganisms are influenced by the increasing salinity during traveling. To understand the contribution of plastic on the alteration in biological communities of plastisphere during traveling, this study investigated the alterations in microbial communities on plastics during the migration from freshwater to brackish water and saltwater.

Ring-shaped segmentation phase design method for the combined point spread function.

The study presents a method for designing phase masks, specifically the ring-shaped segmentation method, which can be employed in creating the modulation phase for specialized point spread functions (PSFs), such as multi-focus PSFs and those with axial encoding functions. An algorithm for phase inversion optimization is introduced to enhance the optical transfer function efficiency of the designed phase mask, which is based on the Fresnel approximation imaging inverse operation and iterative Fourier transform algorithm. The ring-shaped segmentation phase design approach effectively combines individual phases, resulting in unified PSFs with unique properties.

In vivo permeation of 2-phenoxyethanol in human skin.

A number of baby wipe formulations contain 2-phenoxyethanol (PE) as a preservative and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a surfactant with antimicrobial activity. Previously, we reported the skin absorption of PE in porcine skin and human skin in vitro. In the present work, the permeation of PE from preparations with CPC and without CPC was investigated in human skin in vivo.

The role of gastrodin in the management of CNS-related diseases: Underlying mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.

Central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases have a high mortality rate, are a serious threat to physical and mental health, and have always been an important area of research. Gastrodin, the main active metabolite of Gastrodia elata Blume, used in Chinese medicine and food, has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mostly related to CNS disorders. This review aims to systematically summarize and discuss the effects and underlying mechanisms of gastrodin in the treatment of CNS diseases, and to assess its potential for further development as a lead drug in both biomedicine and traditional Chinese medicine.

Topical and transdermal botanical formulations of the Chinese pharmacopoeia-A review.

In pharmaceutics, ingredients are classified as active ingredients and excipients. In topical/transdermal phytomedicines, an ingredient may serve both functions. Published information on these dual-purpose ingredients and their pharmacological relevance is limited.

Influence of macromolecules and electrolytes on heteroaggregation kinetics of polystyrene nanoplastics and goethite nanoparticles in aquatic environments.

Fate and transport of nanoplastics in aquatic environments are affected by their heteroaggregation with minerals in the presence of macromolecules. This study investigated the heteroaggregation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) with goethite nanoparticles (GNPs) under the influence of macromolecules [humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and DNA] and electrolytes. Under 1 mg C/L macromolecule, raising electrolyte concentration promoted heteroaggregation via charge screening, except that calcium bridging with HA also enhanced heteroaggregation at CaCl concentration above 5 mM.

A Janus Microsphere Delivery System Orchestrates Immunomodulation and Osteoinduction by Fine-tuning Release Profiles.

Bone regeneration is a well-orchestrated process synergistically involving inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, an effective bone graft should be designed to target multiple molecular events and biological demands during the bone healing process. In this study, a biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based Janus microsphere delivery system containing calcium phosphate oligomer (CPO) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is developed based on natural biological events.

Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Milk Fat Globules in Goat () Milk during Different Lactations and Human Milk.

Goat milk is considered the optimal substitute for human milk and is characterized by variations in the lipid composition of its fat globules across lactation phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the differences between goat milk during different lactations and human milk, aiming to offer scientific guidance for the production of functional dairy products. Compared with transitional and mature milk, the findings indicated that the total membrane protein content in goat colostrum exhibited greater similarity to that found in human milk.

Comprehensive analysis of phospholipid in milk and their biological roles as nutrients and biomarkers.

Phospholipids (PL) have garnered significant attention due to their physiological activities. Milk and other dairy products are important dietary sources for humans and have been extensively used to analyze the presence of PL by various analytical techniques. In this paper, the analysis techniques of PL were reviewed with the eight trigrams of phospholipidomics and a comprehensive fingerprint of 1295 PLs covering 8 subclasses in milk and other dairy products, especially.

AFB1 Triggers Lipid Metabolism Disorders through the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Mediates Apoptosis Leading to Hepatotoxicity.

As the most prevalent mycotoxin in agricultural products, aflatoxin B1 not only causes significant economic losses but also poses a substantial threat to human and animal health. AFB1 has been shown to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the underlying mechanism is not thoroughly researched. Here, we explored the toxicity mechanism of AFB1 on human hepatocytes following low-dose exposure based on transcriptomics and lipidomics.

[Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Tetracycline Antibiotics (TCs) in Soil-Vegetable System with Soil Fertilized with Animal Manure].

The effects of antibiotic contamination on vegetable safety and the ecological risks of soil after returning livestock and poultry manure to the land require sufficient future attention. Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are often detected at high concentrations in livestock manure and vegetable production soils. Recently, pot experiments and field investigation methods have often been used to understand the effects of TCs contamination on the vegetable safety and ecological risks of soil, whereas field experiments are employed less frequently.

Apically extruded debris, canal transportation, and shaping ability of nickel-titanium instruments on contracted endodontic cavities in molar teeth.

Purpose: Apically extruded debris, canal transportation and shaping ability were compared between contracted endodontic cavities (CECs) and traditional endodontic cavities (TECs) after instrumentation with XP-endo Shaper (XPS), ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProTaper for hand-use (HPT) and Hero Shaper.

Methods: The CECs or TECs groups were sub-divided into 24 groups according to root canal morphology and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments. The weight of apically extruded debris was calculated using the Myers and Montgomery model.

Lipidomic profiling study on neurobehavior toxicity in zebrafish treated with aflatoxin B1.

Mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been proven to cause neurotoxicity, but its potential interference with the normal function of brain tissue is not fully defined. As the indispensable role of lipids in maintaining the normal function of brain tissue, the aim of this study is to clarify the effect of AFB1 short-term (7 days) exposure on brain tissue from the perspective of lipid metabolism. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to two concentrations (5, 20 μg/L).

Porphyromonas gingivalis‑derived lipopolysaccharide inhibits brown adipocyte differentiation via lncRNA‑BATE10.

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between obesity and periodontal disease. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an anti-obesity effect. However, the effects of periodontitis on obesity and BAT remain unclear.

Field study on loss of tetracycline antibiotics from manure-applied soil and their risk assessment in regional water environment of Guangzhou, China.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) introduced into agricultural fields via manure application tend to accumulate in soils and further reach water environments via surface runoff and leachate, posing potential risks to regional water environment. This study investigated the loss of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) in surface runoff and leachate samples collected from a vegetable farmland with manure application in Guangzhou, South China. A risk assessment method was constructed for evaluating the ecological and health risks of manure-associated antibiotics released from soil into water environment.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula and effects of its acid hydrolysate on the biological function of Caenorhabditis elegans.

The present study was designed to explore the in vivo-antioxidant capacity and the probable mechanism of AAPs-H, prepared from Auricularia auricula polysaccharides with the optimal extraction conditions by Box-Behnken design and acid hydrolysis, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The effects of AAPs-H on the locomotion behavior, life span, antioxidant-related enzymes activities, and antioxidants levels in C. elegans were studied.

and evaluation of the antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with antifungals against biofilms and oral candidiasis.

biofilms are responsible for oral candidiasis. Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant, with certain anti- activities. The antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with various antifungals against biofilms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in this study.

A new dicyanoisophorone-based ratiometric and colorimetric near-infrared fluorescent probe for specifically detecting hypochlorite and its bioimaging on a model of acute inflammation.

To explore how hypochlorous acid (HClO) affects human health, a highly sensitive, selective, and trace detection method for hypochlorite (ClO) is crucial for determining its non-negligible function in both environment and living systems. Herein, a dicyanoisophorone-phenylboronic acid-based novel ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe (Probe 1) was designed for the rapid and specific detection of ClO based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Excess addition of HClO to the Probe 1 solution, 186-times ratio (I/I) augment were gained.

A Ratiometric and Colorimetric Hemicyanine Fluorescent Probe for Detection of SO Derivatives and Its Applications in Bioimaging.

Based upon the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed to detect SO/HSO. The probe displayed both colorimetric and ratiometric responses toward SO/HSO. It displayed a quick response (within 60 s), good selectivity and high sensitivity (a detection limit of 28 nM) towards SO/HSO.

Pumpkin polysaccharide preparation, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and in vivo biodistribution.

We employed a single factor and response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize the extraction of pumpkin polysaccharides. We then simulated pumpkin polysaccharide gastrointestinal digestion in vitro and investigated their biodistribution in mice. The optimal extraction conditions, with a yield of 7.