Risk factor for gametocyte carriage and gametocytemia in Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Understanding Plasmodium sexual differentiation is crucial for blocking transmission. This study identified risk factors for gametocyte carriage and gametocytemia in P. vivax and P.

Three Asparagine insertions in the K13-propeller led to Plasmodiumfalciparum becoming resistant to multiple antimalarial drugs.

Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum represents a significant challenge in malaria treatment. Identifying the molecular markers associated with P. falciparum resistance will effectively detect resistance and enhance treatment efficiency.

Efficacy of Primaquine for the Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Northeast Myanmar and the Impact of Cytochrome P450 2D6 Genotypes.

Background: The antirelapse activity of primaquine (PQ) for Plasmodium vivax malaria depends on the host cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme activity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of PQ for the radical cure of P. vivax malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion and determine the association of the post-PQ recurrences with CYP2D6 genotypes.

The protective effects of two varicella vaccination strategies: A Bayesian modeling study in two megacities in South China.

Background: China implemented diverse varicella vaccination strategies from 2012 to 2022, with unclear protective effects. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of two varicella vaccination (VarV) (the two-dose self-paid VarV and the two-dose free VarV) strategies implemented in Guangdong Province, China.

Research Design And Methods: We collected data on varicella cases and doses administered to children aged 0-14 in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Foshan from 2012 to 2022.

Temporal shifts in dengue epidemic in Guangdong Province before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Bayesian model study from 2012 to 2022.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the implementation of public health intervention measures have reshaped the transmission patterns of other infectious diseases. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue in Guangdong Province, China, and to investigate the temporal shifts in dengue epidemic in Guangdong Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Based on the data of dengue reported cases, meteorological factors, and mosquito vector density in Guangdong Province from 2012 to 2022, wavelet analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between the dengue incidence in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries and the local dengue incidence in Guangdong Province.

Association between smoking status and the prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between smoking status and the interval to brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on survival time after brain metastasis.

Methods: Data were collected from patients with NSCLC with brain metastases who were treated at our centre between January 2005 and December 2017. Clinical indices such as clinicopathological features and smoking status were recorded, and patients were followed up until 1 September 2022.

Evolution of COVID-19 dynamics in Guangdong Province, China: an endemic-epidemic modeling study.

Background: From January 2020 to June 2022, strict interventions against COVID-19 were implemented in Guangdong Province, China. However, the evolution of COVID-19 dynamics remained unclear in this period.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the evolution of within- and between-city COVID-19 dynamics in Guangdong, specifically during the implementation of rigorous prevention and control measures.

Investigating the molecular mechanisms between type 1 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment using bioinformatics analysis, with a focus on immune response.

The immune system is involved in the development and progression of several diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disorder, influences the progression of several other conditions; however, the link between T1DM and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclear. This study investigated the underlying immune response mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of T1DM and MCI.

Association study of Plasmodium falciparum Acetyl-CoA Synthetase Mutations S868G and V949I with antimalarial drugs.

Plasmodium falciparum acetyl-CoA synthetase (PfACAS) protein is an important source of acetyl-CoA. We detected the mutations S868G and V949I in PfACAS by whole-genome sequencing analysis in some recrudescent parasites after antimalarial treatment with artesunate and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, suggesting that they may confer drug resistance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we engineered parasite lines carrying the PfACAS S868G and V949I mutations in two genetic backgrounds and evaluated their susceptibility to antimalarial drugs in vitro.

Plasmodium vivax populations in the western Greater Mekong Subregion evaluated using a genetic barcode.

An improved understanding of the Plasmodium vivax populations in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS) is needed to monitor the progress of malaria elimination. This study aimed to use a P. vivax single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) barcode to evaluate the population dynamics and explore the gene flow among P.

Acetyl-CoA Synthetase Mutations S868G and V949I Do Not Confer Resistance to Antimalarial Drugs in .

acetyl-CoA synthetase (PfACAS) protein is an important source of acetyl-CoA. We detected the mutations S868G and V949I in PfACAS by whole-genome sequencing analysis in some recrudescent parasites after antimalarial treatment with artesunate and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, suggesting that they may confer drug resistance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we engineered parasite lines carrying the PfACAS S868G and V949I mutations in two genetic backgrounds and evaluated their susceptibility to antimalarial drugs in vitro.

Absence of association between Pfnfs1 mutation and in vitro susceptibility to lumefantrine in Plasmodium falciparum.

Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely used antimalarial drug for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria. This study evaluated whether the K65Q mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine desulfurase IscS (Pfnfs1) gene was associated with alternated susceptibility to lumefantrine using clinical parasite samples from Ghana and the China-Myanmar border area. Parasite isolates from the China-Myanmar border had significantly higher IC values to lumefantrine than parasites from Ghana.

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 interventions on the hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China: a Bayesian modeling study.

Background: The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19 may have affected the transmission of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). We aimed to assess the impact of the NPIs on HFMD in the high epidemic area of HFMD, Guangdong Province.

Methods: The data of HFMD cases, etiological information, and meteorological factors in Guangdong from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, were collected.

An imported malaria case with repeated episodes of neurological syndromes resulting from different Plasmodium species.

Background: Imported cerebral malaria (CM) cases in non-endemic areas are often misdiagnosed, which delays treatment. Post-malaria neurological syndrome (PMNS) after recovery from severe malaria can also complicate diagnosis.

Case: We report an imported malaria case from West Africa with two sequential episodes with neurological syndromes within about a month.

Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and illumination on the entomological parameters of Aedes albopictus: an experimental study.

Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) is a mosquito from Asia that can transmit a variety of diseases. This paper aimed to explore the effects of temperature, relative humidity, and illumination on the entomological parameters related to the population growth of Aedes albopictus, and provide specific parameters for developing dynamic models of mosquito-borne infectious disease. We used artificial simulation lab experiments, and set 27 different meteorological conditions to observe and record mosquito's hatching time, emergence time, longevity of adult females, and oviposition amount.

A simple alkali lysis method for Plasmodium falciparum DNA extraction from filter paper blood samples.

A fast, simple, easy, efficient, and inexpensive method for DNA extraction from malaria parasites collected on filter paper would be very useful for molecular surveillance. The quality and quantity of DNA are critical to molecular diagnosis and analysis. Here, we developed a simple alkali lysis method for DNA extraction from blood samples on filter paper.

Joint Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants with Hospital Admission of Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Studies have estimated the associations of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution with ischemic stroke. However, the joint associations of ischemic stroke with air pollution as a mixture remain unknown.

Methods: We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study to investigate 824,808 ischemic stroke patients across China.

The association of ambient temperature variability with blood pressure in southern China.

Objectives: Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between temperature variability and mortality, but few studies have investigated the effect of temperature variability on blood pressure (BP). We aimed to estimate the effect of temperature variability on BP in Guangdong Province, southern China.

Methods: Data on meteorological factors were obtained from the Guangdong Meteorological Center, and BP was collected from a series of cross-sectional surveys conducted in Guangdong Province, China, from 2004 to 2015.

Different In Vitro Drug Susceptibility Profile of Isolates from Two Adjacent Areas of Northeast Myanmar and Molecular Markers for Drug Resistance.

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is the epicenter of antimalarial drug resistance. We determined in vitro susceptibilities to 11 drugs of culture-adapted Plasmodium falciparum isolates from adjacent areas (Laiza and Muse) along the China−Myanmar border. Parasites from this region were highly resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine but relatively sensitive to other antimalarial drugs.