Tungsten sulfide sheets with tunable layered structures: Piezocatalysis via multi-channels to generate HO.

Driven by the urgent need for eco-friendly, safe and facile production processes for hydrogen peroxide (HO), piezocatalysis shows significant potential due to its accessible energy supply and capacity for on-site HO preparation. Owing to their tunable surface properties and unique electronic structures, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are regarded as promising piezocatalysts. Nevertheless, the uneven distribution of active sites, poor stability, and restricted electron transport capabilities hinder the further improvement of their piezocatalytic performance.

A Biomimetic Soft Actuator Achieves Efficient Fluorescence via Covalent Cross-Linking.

The bioluminescence mechanisms of deep-sea organisms provide innovative ideas for biomimetic design. To meet the detection needs in low-light deep-sea environments, the development of soft robots with high-brightness luminescence is crucial for long-term in situ observation. Directly incorporating high-performance fluorescent molecules into hydrogel matrices presents challenges: fluorescent molecules tend to dissociate in physically crosslinked systems, and complex aqueous environments may lead to instability in the material structure.

Low-Cost and "Green" Avenue toward Large-Scale Synthesis of In Situ Passivated Si Nanoflakes and Construction of Binder-Free Electrodes.

The high cost and low reproducibility issues of Si as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries still need to be addressed. Herein, we present a facile and scalable bead-grinding technique to down-size the cheap micron-Si into Si nanoflakes with in situ bonded pyromellitic acid (PMA) molecules. The bonded PMA not only deactivates the surfaces of Si nanoflakes but also acts as an artificial solid-electrolyte interface film.

Regular use of opioids and dementia, cognitive measures, and neuroimaging outcomes among UK Biobank participants with chronic non-cancer pain.

Introduction: We investigated the association between regular opioid use and incident dementia, neuroimaging outcomes, and cognitive measures.

Methods: Cox regression was used to assess the association between opioid use and incident dementia among197,673 UK Biobank participants with chronic non-cancer pain. Linear and logistic regression were applied to explore the associations between opioid use and dementia-related neuroimaging and cognitive function outcomes.

Disparities in the access to immune checkpoint inhibitors approved in the United States, the European Union and mainland China: a serial cross-sectional study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised antitumour therapy. However, regional differences in ICI labels, including the impact of the review process and supporting trial evidence, remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a serial cross-sectional study to examine trends and differences in indication approvals and associated clinical trials for ICIs across different regulatory agencies.

Polymorphic relaxor phase and defect dipole polarization co-reinforced capacitor energy storage in temperature-monitorable high-entropy ferroelectrics.

Energy storage high-entropy ceramics are famous for their ultrahigh power density and ultrafast discharge rate. However, achieving a synchronous combination of high energy density and efficiency along with intelligent temperature-monitorable function remains a significant challenge. Here, based on high-entropy strategy and phase field simulation, the polarization response of domains in BiNaTiO-based ceramics is optimized by constructing a concomitant nanostructure of defect dipole polarization and a polymorphic relaxor phase.

Modifiable factors for irritable bowel syndrome: evidence from Mendelian randomisation approach.

Background: The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have not been thoroughly documented. We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS, while accounting for the impact of unobserved confounders and coexisting disorders.

Methods: Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were integrated to identify potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders linked to IBS.

Association between fat-soluble vitamin co-exposure patterns and blood pressure in people with hypertension: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Existing epidemiological studies investigated the association between a single vitamin and hypertension. However, the potential relationship between the level of circulating multivitamins and blood pressure has not been explored. We aimed to investigate the association between multiple fat-soluble vitamin levels and blood pressure.

Superior Temperature Sensing and Capacitive Energy-Storage Performance in Pb-Free Ceramics.

The ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high power density (P) endow lead-free dielectric energy storage ceramics (LDESCs) with enormous application potential in electric vehicles. However, their low energy storage density and single energy storage performance (ESP) limit their further development and applicability in rugged environments. Here, through the design of vacancy defects and phase structure regulation, Pb-free (BiNa)TiO-based ceramics with an optimal composition can achieve a large maximum polarization (>44 µC cm) under a moderate electric field (410 kV cm), resulting in an extremely high recoverable energy storage density (≈6.

Photoconductivity and Photovoltaic Effect Strengthened via Microstructural Cotuning in Ferroelectrics: Intuitively Assessed by Macroscopic Transparency.

Photoferroelectrics that involve strong light-matter coupling are regarded as promising candidates for realizing bulk photovoltaic and photoelectric effects via light absorption. Nonetheless, understanding the photoresponse mechanism or modulation of performance from a microscopic point of view is scarcely explored through quantification of macroscopic properties. Herein, we design a model material, Gd-doped (KNa)NbO ferroelectric-transparent ceramics, and present an advantageous strategy to enhance the optoelectronic coupling through joint modulations of lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies, along with inner defects and ferroelectric domains.

Giant Capacitive Energy Storage in High-Entropy Lead-Free Ceramics with Temperature Self-Check.

Considering the large demand for electricity in the era of artificial intelligence and big data, there is an urgent need to explore novel energy storage media with higher energy density and intelligent temperature self-check functions. High-entropy (HE) ceramic capacitors are of great significance because of their excellent energy storage efficiency and high power density (P). However, the contradiction between configurational entropy and polarization in traditional HE systems greatly restrains the increase in energy storage density.

Ultrathin Layered Structure and Oxygen Vacancies Mediated Efficient Charge Separation toward High Photocatalytic Activity in BiOIO Nanosheets.

Previous bismuth-based photocatalysts usually employ a strong acid solution (e.g., HNO solution) to obtain an ultrathin structure toward high photocatalytic activity.

Targeting mPGES-2 to protect against acute kidney injury via inhibition of ferroptosis dependent on p53.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality but no specific therapy. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) is a PGE synthase but can metabolize PGH to malondialdehyde by forming a complex with heme. However, the role and mechanism of action of mPGES-2 in AKI remain unclear.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Risk Factor-Based Lung Cancer Screening Program by Low-Dose Computer Tomography in Current Smokers in China.

Although the effectiveness of lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) could be shown in China, there could be variation in the evidence concerning the economic impact. Our study explores the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening and optimizes the best definition of a high-risk population. A Markov model consisting of the natural history and post-diagnosis states was constructed to estimate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of LDCT screening compared with no screening.

BiNaTiO/ZnO Z-scheme heterojunction for piezo-photocatalytic water remediation: Mechanical energy harvesting and energy band configuration.

The decaying photocatalytic rate caused by carrier recombination is a thorny problem that has not been properly solved. Improvement of photocatalysis can be achieved through structural innovation, diversification of catalytic modes, or a combination of both. Herein, effective separation of photo-generated carriers in BiNaTiO/ZnO composites was achieved by heterojunction construction for energy band regulation and synchronously mechanical energy harvesting from piezoelectric effect.

HO activated moxa ash ball milling for ultrafast removal of mitoxantrone.

As emerging contaminants, antineoplastic drugs are widely used, but their residues in water may cause long-term genotoxicity to aquatic organisms and human beings. Here, waste moxa ash was selected as biomass raw material and modified by ball milling to obtain carbon-based materials with excellent adsorption performance, which were used to remove the antineoplastic drug mitoxantrone (MTX) from water. The experimental results indicate that moxa ash modified by ball milling in hydrogen peroxide exhibits ultrafast removal of MTX (the removal efficiency reaches 97.

Phase Stability and Dual-Mode Photoluminescence Modulation in Er-Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate Antiferroelectrics.

The electric-field-modulation (-modulation) of photoluminescence (PL) properties in bulk ceramics has attracted tremendous interest due to its potential application in optical data storage and communication devices. One promising approach of reversibly and largely modulating the PL intensity has been proposed in rare-earth Er-doped PbLaZrTiO (PLZT) antiferroelectrics (AFEs) based on the unique -dependent antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition. However, the AFE phase stability of PLZT doped with various Er contents and their -modulated PL properties have not been systematically investigated.

Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the dose-response relationship with three major antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing severe COVID-19 illness and death is uncertain due to the rarity of data in individual trials. How well the antibody concentrations can predict the efficacy is also uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy of these vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections of different severities and the dose-response relationship between the antibody concentrations and efficacy.

Hospital Strain and COVID-19 Fatality - England, April 2020-March 2022.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, tremendous efforts have been made in countries to suppress epidemic peaks and strengthen hospital services to avoid hospital strain and ultimately reduce the risk of death from COVID-19. However, there is limited empirical evidence that hospital strain increases COVID-19 deaths.

What Is Added By This Report?: We found the risk of death from COVID-19 was linearly associated with the number of patients currently in hospitals, a measure of hospital strain, before the Omicron period.

Characteristics and Containment of 74 Imported COVID-19 Outbreaks: Experiences, Lessons, and Implications - China, 2020-2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: After the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, the outbreaks during the dynamic-zero policy period in the mainland of China have not been systematically documented.

What Is Added By This Report?: We summarized the characteristics of 74 imported COVID-19 outbreaks between March 19, 2020 and December 31, 2021. All outbreaks of early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants were successfully contained with the aid of nucleic acid testing, modern communication technologies, and non-pharmacological interventions.

Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort.

Background: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study.

Methods: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021.

Association between plasma selenium and risk of ischemic stroke: A community-based, nested, and case-control study.

Background: The prospective association between plasma Se and stroke risk remains inconclusive. The relationship between Se and ischemic stroke among a low circulating Se status population deserves more attention, especially for Chinese people who were a high-risk group for Se deficiency.

Objective: The relationship between plasma Se concentration and ischemic stroke risk in a large-scale Chinese community-based population and any potential effect modifiers were investigated.

Cost-effectiveness of folic acid therapy for primary prevention of stroke in patients with hypertension.

Background: For hypertensive patients without a history of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI), the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) demonstrated that treatment with enalapril-folic acid reduced the risk of primary stroke compared with enalapril alone. Whether folic acid therapy is an affordable and beneficial treatment strategy for the primary prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients from the Chinese healthcare sector perspective has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods: We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis alongside the CSPPT, which randomized 20,702 hypertensive patients.