Comparative efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin and protein A immunoadsorption in severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective: To compare the differential effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and protein A immunoadsorption (PAIA) on neurological functional improvement in patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis (modified Rankin scale, mRS ≥ 3) at the Second People's Hospital of Hunan from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2024. Clinical efficacy was compared between the IVIg and PAIA groups.

Enlarged choroid plexus is associated with reduced gray matter volumes and increased plasma amyloid-beta: a population-based study of older adults.

Objectives: To characterize brain structures and plasma Alzheimer's-related biomarkers associated with enlarged choroid plexus (ChP) among rural older adults in China.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1115 older adults (age ≥ 60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China, who underwent structural brain MRI scans (3.0 T) in 2018-2020; of these, plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration, i.

Effect of preload on lumbar muscle contraction during co-activation of trunk muscles in young males simulating anti-G straining maneuver.

ObjectPreload is known to improve spinal stability; however, its effect on the voluntary contraction of lumbar muscles needs investigation. This study aimed to investigate the role of preload in enhancing the voluntary contraction of lumbar muscles in a group of young men.MethodsTwenty healthy participants successively participated in experiments with the following preload conditions arranged in random order: no preload, forward preload, backward preload, or right-hand-pull preload.

Tungsten sulfide sheets with tunable layered structures: Piezocatalysis via multi-channels to generate HO.

Driven by the urgent need for eco-friendly, safe and facile production processes for hydrogen peroxide (HO), piezocatalysis shows significant potential due to its accessible energy supply and capacity for on-site HO preparation. Owing to their tunable surface properties and unique electronic structures, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are regarded as promising piezocatalysts. Nevertheless, the uneven distribution of active sites, poor stability, and restricted electron transport capabilities hinder the further improvement of their piezocatalytic performance.

Multigene germline and somatic testing for epithelial ovarian cancer in China.

This study investigated BRCA1/2 and homologous recombination repair (HR) pathway gene variants in Chinese epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Germline and somatic variants in 21 HR-related genes were analyzed in 229 patients using a 21-gene ovarian panel and in 141 patients using a 508-gene pan-cancer panel. BRCA1, BRCA2, and HR-related gene mutation rates were 17.

Haptic feedback as affective amplifier: enhanced fear perception affects cognitive performance and avoidance actions in VR height exposure.

Haptic feedback serves as a potent affective amplifier in virtual reality (VR), intensifying threat perception to influence emotional intensity. This study investigated how haptic-enhanced fear stimuli (delivered through platform shaking during VR height exposure) impair cognitive performance and avoidance actions. Twenty male participants with self-reported fear of heights were subjected to four emotion-inducing conditions: neutrality, ground, stationary, and shaking, with each condition separated by 1 week.

Dihydrocapsaicin attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in acute myocardial infarction via promoting Raf-1/ASK1 complex formation.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a natural antioxidant derived from plants, has demonstrated pharmacological effects in various diseases. However, its research in the cardiovascular field remains relatively limited.

Data-Guided Exploration of Process Control in Carbon-Based Catalyst Design for Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction.

Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (HO) synthesis via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive and high-pollution anthraquinone oxidation process. Identifying a carbon-based electrocatalyst with high selectivity and activity for 2e ORR is crucial to large-scale electrochemical HO synthesis. However, optimizing catalyst composition and process parameters through experimental studies has been resource-intensive and machine learning techniques provide a solution to this problem.

Exploring the influence of privacy concerns, AI literacy, and perceived health stigma on AI chatbot use in healthcare: An uncertainty reduction approach.

Objective: Guided by Uncertainty Reduction Theory, this study aims to explore the influence of AI privacy concerns, AI literacy, and perceived health stigma on the preference for AI chatbots in Chinese healthcare contexts.

Method: We analyzed survey data from 1487 participants, employing frequency analyses to generate descriptive statistics and regression modeling to examine the relationships among key variables.

Results: The findings indicate that AI chatbots are most highly valued for their roles in health information dissemination and lifestyle guidance.

The source-to-sink system in continental rift lacustrine basins of the Nantun Formation in X Sag of the Tamtsag Basin, Mongolia.

The strata of the first member of the Nantun Formation constitute the primary targets for oil and gas exploration and development in X sag of the Tamtsag Basin. However, the distribution pattern of sand bodies within these strata remains poorly understood due to the complex interplay of factors such as provenance supply, boundary fault growth and evolution, and sediment transport pathways, which have led to diverse source-to-sink (S2S) systems. This study aims to provide a detailed characterization of these S2S systems.

A Biomimetic Soft Actuator Achieves Efficient Fluorescence via Covalent Cross-Linking.

The bioluminescence mechanisms of deep-sea organisms provide innovative ideas for biomimetic design. To meet the detection needs in low-light deep-sea environments, the development of soft robots with high-brightness luminescence is crucial for long-term in situ observation. Directly incorporating high-performance fluorescent molecules into hydrogel matrices presents challenges: fluorescent molecules tend to dissociate in physically crosslinked systems, and complex aqueous environments may lead to instability in the material structure.

Psychedelics and the Gut Microbiome: Unraveling the Interplay and Therapeutic Implications.

Classic psychedelics and the gut microbiome interact bidirectionally through mechanisms involving 5-HT receptor signaling, neuroplasticity, and microbial metabolism. This viewpoint highlights how psychedelics may reshape microbiota and how microbes influence psychedelic efficacy, proposing microbiome-informed strategies─such as probiotics or dietary interventions─to personalize and enhance psychedelic-based mental health therapies.

Advanced strategy for cancer detection based on volatile organic compounds in breath.

The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for cancer diagnosis, offering advantages in speed, safety, cost-effectiveness, and real-time monitoring. Two primary methodologies are employed for VOCs detection: mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, which provide high-precision identification and quantification of individual compounds, and sensor-based pattern recognition methods, which detect disease-specific VOC signatures. Despite their diagnostic potential, inconsistencies in accuracy highlight the need for a comprehensive evaluation of these techniques.

Accelerated discovery of stable, extra-large-pore nano zeolites with micro-electron diffraction.

Stable zeolites with extra-large pores and nano dimensions that are capable of processing large molecules are in high demand but have been difficult to produce. Their complex structures and nanoscale crystal sizes present challenges for analysis using conventional x-ray diffraction techniques, leading to inefficiencies in material development. We report NJU120-1 and NJU120-2, two robust and fully connected aluminosilicate nano zeolites featuring interconnected channel systems with extra-large 22-ring pores.

Metal-Support Interaction Induced Electron Localization in Rationally Designed Metal Sites Anchored MXene Enables Boosted Electromagnetic Wave Attenuation.

The electron localization is considered as a promising approach to optimize electromagnetic waves (EMW) dissipation. However, it is still difficult to realize well-controlled electron localization and elucidate the related EMW loss mechanisms for current researches. In this study, a novel two-dimensional MXene (TiCT) nanosheet decorated with Ni nanoclusters (Ni-NC) system to construct an effective electron localization model based on electronic orbital structure is explored.

A short-term prognostic model based on urinary IgG, COCP and TP for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

This study aimed to establish a short-term risk assessment model for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), to augment the current prognosis assessments of MM patients. This model serves as a reference for evaluating the short-term remission of patients. Between January 2013 and March 2023, a total of 232 NDMM patients were enrolled in the Hematology department.

A simple and low-cost paper chip-based smartphone sensor for enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets.

Lymphocyte count reflects the cellular immune function status of the body, and T lymphocyte subsets are of great value in the adjuvant diagnosis, efficacy monitoring, and prognostic assessment of clinical diseases. There is an urgent need to develop a simple and economical cell-counting platform for T lymphocyte subsets to meet clinical needs of cancer prognosis. Based on the vertical flow assay (VFA) and a polystyrene (PS) microsphere-labeled antibody specifically binding to target cells, we established a simple T lymphocyte counting assay (PS-VFA).

Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System Drives Dry Eye Onset Via Norepinephrine-β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Mice.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation have clear association with chronic environmental and psychogenic stress. However, the relationship of SNS activation with DED remains incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of SNS activation in dry eye pathogenesis.

An Explainable Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Model Integrating Histopathological Microenvironment and EHR Phenotypes for Germline Genetic Testing in Breast Cancer.

Genetic testing for pathogenic germline variants is critical for the personalized management of high-risk breast cancers, guiding targeted therapies and cascade testing for at-risk families. In this study, MAIGGT (Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Germline Genetic Testing) is proposed, a deep learning framework that integrates histopathological microenvironment features from whole-slide images with clinical phenotypes from electronic health records for precise prescreening of germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Leveraging a multi-scale Transformer-based deep generative architecture, MAIGGT employs a cross-modal latent representation unification mechanism to capture complementary biological insights from multimodal data.

Research and application of 3D attribute fusion technology based on lithology probability analysis.

To address the challenges of seismic attribute selection and the low accuracy of characterizing single-phase river channels with a single seismic attribute, a 3D seismic attribute fusion technology based on lithology probability curve analysis has been developed. This method uses lithology probability curve analysis to optimally select amplitude attributes that highlight the distribution characteristics of sedimentary sand bodies and coherence attributes that emphasize variations in sand body boundaries. These attributes are then fused to form a new attribute volume, effectively solving the issues of seismic attribute selection and the low precision of single attributes in characterizing river channels.

Physical and biopsychosocial frailty, cognitive phenotypes, and plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Chinese older adults: A population-based study.

Introduction: We sought to examine the associations of physical frailty (PF) and biopsychological frailty (BF) with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Chinese older adults and further to explore neuropathological mechanisms underlying the associations.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 5149 participants in the MIND-China baseline examination (2018); of these, we measured plasma amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and total tau in 1371 persons and phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in 3387 persons.

Results: PF and BF were significantly associated with increased likelihoods of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and MCI.

Minimizing Inter-Lattice Strain to Stabilize Li-Rich Cathode by Order-Disorder Control.

Li-rich Mn-based layered (LMR) cathodes with anionic redox chemistry show great potential for next-generation sustainable Li-ion battery (LIB) applications due to the low cost and high energy density. However, the asynchronous structural evolutions with cycling in the heterogeneous composite structure of LMR lead to serious lattice strain and thus fast electrochemical decay, which hinders the commercialization of LMR cathodes. Here, an order-disorder coherent LMR cathode is demonstrated that exhibits a higher average voltage (by 0.

Optimizing intracameral injection for targeted gene therapy and glaucoma model development.

Intracameral injection is a widely used surgical technique in animal research, serving various purposes such as injecting microbeads to establish a glaucoma model, delivering adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transduce the trabecular meshwork or corneal endothelium, and administering drugs into the anterior chamber. However, performing intracameral injections in mice is particularly challenging due to the small size of the eye and the shallow anterior chamber. To prevent leakage of injected substances, traditional methods often involve the co-injection of sterile air or viscous agents.

Novel nanoceria in situ-derived porphyrin heterostructure enhanced electrochemiluminescent and colorimetric dual-mode detection of tetracycline residue in foods.

Due to serious harm caused by tetracycline (TC) residue to human health, here a multifunctional nanoceria in situ-derived porphyrin heterogeneous framework (CeO-POF) was innovatively applied to an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and colorimetric dual-mode sensing platform for TC detection. Concretely, the CeO-POF fully interprets a "kill three birds with one stone" strategy. Firstly, CeO-POF integrated ECL luminophore ("bird" one) and co-reaction accelerator ("bird" two), obtaining a 1.

Responses of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family to Drought Stress in Broomcorn Millet ( L.).

Broomcorn millet ( L.), a drought-tolerant C4 crop, is crucial for agricultural resilience in arid regions. Lipoxygenases (LOXs), key enzymes in plant stress responses, have not been studied in broomcorn millet.