Global Prevalence of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorder among Children and Adolescents According to the Rome III and IV Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/aims: Despite the global burden of functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) and its four subtypes (irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional dyspepsia [FD], abdominal migraine [AM], and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified [FAP-NOS]), studies involving an estimation of FAPD prevalence based on the Rome III or IV criteria are limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of FAPD and its four subtypes.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library.

Evolution and Spread of Y280-Lineage H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Korea, 2020-2023.

In 2020, Y280-lineage H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza was detected in South Korea for the first time. Active surveillance from live bird markets (LBMs) and farms revealed the continuous circulation of Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses, replacing the previously indigenous Y439-lineage and becoming dominant in South Korea. Antigenic mapping showed a substantial antigenic difference between the Y280 and Y439-lineage viruses.

Prevalence and health outcomes of combustible cigarettes and noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products: a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea.

Objective: Limited evidence exists on type of tobacco use changes and differential health outcomes following the introduction of non-combustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics, trends, and health outcomes of exclusive combustible cigarette users and dual users of combustible cigarette and NNTP.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2021 ( = 18,763).

Country-level prevalence of and factors associated with smoking cessation among adolescents across 91 countries.

Background: There is a paucity of research on patterns of attempts at smoking cessation, success, and influencing factors in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts in adolescents worldwide and to identify the factors that affect cessation attempts along with outcomes.

Methods: This study utilized the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2010-2021) to investigate tobacco use among adolescents aged 13-15 years.

Global prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency among children and adolescents, 1932-2022.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency (CVD), categorized by geographical region, ethnicity, type (deutan, protan, and tritan), and severity (anomalous trichromacy, dichromacy, and monochromacy).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Participants: A total of 1,703,619 participants, including 31,493 patients from 56 studies across 21 countries and five continents, were included in our analysis.

Correlation of Income Instability With 12 Non-Communicable Disease Risks in Korea: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Due to the lack of comprehensive longitudinal studies examining the impact of long-term volatility on health issues, existing research primarily focused on income levels rather than fluctuation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between income instability and a range of physical health conditions using an extensive longitudinal dataset.

Methods: This study utilized data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Ansan-Anseong cohort (2001-2022), which includes valuable confounding factors such as demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.

Global Burden of Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis Associated With 33 Classes of Antibiotics (1968-2024): A Pharmacovigilance Analysis.

Background: Despite antibiotic-induced anaphylaxis being a severe allergic reaction requiring immediate care, large-scale studies examining all antibiotic subtypes remain limited. This study addresses this gap by analysing 33 antibiotic classes, along with epidemiological and regional variations.

Methods: This study utilised the world's largest pharmacovigilance database, with over 35 million individual case safety reports from 140 countries.

Adverse event reports of seizure for insomnia medication from 1967 to 2023.

Insomnia may negatively impact seizure control; however, the corresponding evidence remains limited. This study analyzed the seizure risk associated with various insomnia medications using a comprehensive pharmacovigilance database and identified safe options for patients at high risk of seizures. VigiBase, a database of adverse drug reaction reports from over 140 countries, comprises 35 million reports published from 1967 to 2023.

Impact of Reset Pulse Width on Gradual Conductance Programming in AlO/TiO-Based RRAM.

This work investigates the impact of reset pulse width on multilevel conductance programming in AlO/TiO-based resistive random access memory. A 32 × 32 cross-point array of Ti (12 nm)/Pt (62 nm)/AlO (3 nm)/TiO (32 nm)/Ti (14 nm)/Pt (60 nm) devices (2.5 µm × 2.

Energy Efficient Hybrid Reservoir Computing Using HfZrO Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistors with an Integrated Optically and Electrically Synaptic Functions.

This study introduces an ultralow power hybrid reservoir computing (HRC) system employing an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)/HfZrO (HZO)-based ferroelectric thin-film transistor (FeTFT) for neuromorphic applications. The proposed FeTFT system integrates volatile and nonvolatile functionalities, respectively driven by optical and electrical stimuli, to emulate short-term and long-term synaptic behaviors. Leveraging persistent photoconductivity in the IGZO channel under optical excitation, the FeTFT exhibits dynamic reservoir characteristics, while HZO-induced ferroelectric polarization enables robust long-term memory for the readout layer.

Identification of the Top 15 Drugs Associated With Anaphylaxis: A Pharmacovigilance Study.

Background: Drug-associated anaphylaxis is a common condition with significant risks if not promptly addressed. Yet, systematic research on the distribution of associated drugs and risk comparison across drug classes is limited. This study aims to identify frequently reported drugs and evaluate the strength of their signal detections with drug-associated anaphylaxis.

Disproportionality analysis of serotonin syndrome associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis.

Purpose: The incidence and risk of serotonin syndrome associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have increased. However, large-scale studies investigating this relationship remain limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the signal detection between six SSRIs and serotonin syndrome, rank their relative risks, and propose practical preventive strategies.

Exploring Avian Influenza Viruses in Yakutia-The Largest Breeding Habitat of Wild Migratory Birds in Northeastern Siberia.

Yakutia, the largest breeding ground for wild migratory birds in Northeastern Siberia, plays a big role in the global ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). In this study, we present the results of virological surveillance conducted between 2018 and 2023, analyzing 1970 cloacal swab samples collected from 56 bird species. We identified 74 AIVs of H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, H7N7, H10N3, and H11N9 subtypes in Anseriformes order.

Effectiveness of the live zoster vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide emulated target trial.

Objectives: Real-world studies on its effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the live zoster vaccine in patients with T2DM more than 10 years.

Methods: In this target trial emulation study, we utilized a large-scale, nationwide cohort in South Korea, consisting of individuals aged 50 years and older with T2DM from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 (n = 934 945).

Site- and enantioselective B-H functionalization of carboranes.

Functionalization of carboranes, icosahedral boron-carbon molecular clusters, is of great interest as they have wide applications in medicinal and materials chemistry. Thus, site- and enantioselective synthesis of carboranes requires complete control of the reaction. Herein, we describe the asymmetric Rh(II)-catalyzed insertion reactions of carbenes into cage B-H bond of carboranes.

Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study.

Understanding pediatric asthma is crucial to its effective diagnosis and intervention, as it may alleviate the adulthood disease burden. This epidemiological review describes the prevalence of asthma among individuals under 20 years of age by categorizing them into 3 age groups: 1-4, 5-9, and 10-19 years. Estimates were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, which covered the prevalence of asthma from 1990 to 2021 across 21 GBD regions with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Global burden of antidepressant-associated seizures from 1967 to 2023: A comparative analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database.

Background: Although antidepressants have been implicated in seizure risk, comprehensive safety data examining this risk across different antidepressants remains limited.

Methods: Data from Vigibase, an international pharmacovigilance database, encompassing 131,255,418 reports from 1967 to 2023, was analyzed. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were calculates to identify disproportionate associations between 17 antidepressants and seizures.

Adverse drug reaction patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for obesity treatment: Disproportionality analysis from global pharmacovigilance database.

Aims: This study aims to compare adverse drug reaction patterns of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide-glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) approved for anti-obesity medications-to evaluate their real-world safety.

Materials And Methods: This disproportionality analysis utilized a case-control design with VigiBase. The study focused on reports of adverse events associated with liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide, selected based on warnings in the US Food and Drug Administration approval labels for each drug.

Association Between Social Engagement Frequency and the Risk of Depression in South Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom: Multinational Evidence From Longitudinal Studies of Aging.

Background: Although a greater social engagement is often associated with a reduced risk of depression, longitudinal studies that account for diverse social structures and cultural contexts among middle-aged or older are limited.

Methods: This study utilized cohort data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 11,174; 2006-2020) in South Korea (KR), the Health and Retirement Study (n = 42,405; 2004-2019) in the United States, and the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 28,624; 2002-2019) in the United Kingdom, including a total of 29,378 individuals from the population aged ≥45 years. Social engagement frequency was categorized into infrequent, intermediate, and frequent, with changes classified as unchanged, increased, or decreased.