Energy Efficient Hybrid Reservoir Computing Using HfZrO Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistors with an Integrated Optically and Electrically Synaptic Functions.

This study introduces an ultralow power hybrid reservoir computing (HRC) system employing an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)/HfZrO (HZO)-based ferroelectric thin-film transistor (FeTFT) for neuromorphic applications. The proposed FeTFT system integrates volatile and nonvolatile functionalities, respectively driven by optical and electrical stimuli, to emulate short-term and long-term synaptic behaviors. Leveraging persistent photoconductivity in the IGZO channel under optical excitation, the FeTFT exhibits dynamic reservoir characteristics, while HZO-induced ferroelectric polarization enables robust long-term memory for the readout layer.

Enhancement of Resistive and Synaptic Characteristics in Tantalum Oxide-Based RRAM by Nitrogen Doping.

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) for neuromorphic systems has received significant attention because of its advantages, such as low power consumption, high-density structure, and high-speed switching. However, variability occurs because of the stochastic nature of conductive filaments (CFs), producing inaccurate results in neuromorphic systems. In this article, we fabricated nitrogen-doped tantalum oxide (TaO:N)-based resistive switching (RS) memory.

Open bite correction by intrusion of posterior teeth with miniscrews.

The application of orthodontic miniscrews has simplified the treatment of an anterior open bite by making it more efficient and esthetic. A 19-year-old woman with an anterior open bite was treated by an intrusion of the maxillary posterior teeth using miniscrews. The posterior teeth were splinted on the palatal side with rapid maxillary expansion (RME), and an intrusive force was then applied to the miniscrews on the buccal side.

Soft-tissue and cortical-bone thickness at orthodontic implant sites.

Introduction: To obtain sufficient stability of implants, the thickness of the soft tissue and the cortical bone in the placement site must be considered. However, the literature contains few anatomical studies of orthodontic implants.

Methods: To measure soft-tissue and cortical-bone thicknesses, maxillae from 23 Korean cadavers were decalcified, and buccopalatal cross-sectional specimens were obtained.

Intrusion of posterior teeth using mini-screw implants.

It is often difficult to perform prosthodontic treatment for missing molars because the antagonist has become extruded. However, some problems can be overcome with successful molar intrusion with mini-screws if the direction and the amount of force are carefully controlled.