Clonorchis sinensis dopamine transporter (CsDAT) facilitates dopamine uptake.

Clonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke that causes clonorchiasis, a significant public health concern in East Asia, closely associated with hepatobiliary diseases. Dopamine is an essential neurotransmitter involved in neuromuscular signaling, and its uptake by trematodes may contribute to parasite physiology and survival. This study aimed to characterize the dopamine transporter CsDAT in C.

Phytoplankton community responses to environmental changes in the Yellow Sea.

This research examines phytoplankton dynamics in the Yellow Sea (YS), a highly productive and ecologically significant region currently experiencing rapid environmental changes. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we analyzed phytoplankton pigment composition from samples collected between 2018 and 2020 to assess community responses to environmental factors. Cluster analysis, Redundancy Analysis (RDA), Variance Partitioning Analysis (VPA), and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were applied to identify dominant phytoplankton communities and their environmental association.

Associative Learning Emulation in HZO-Based Ferroelectric Memristor Devices.

Neuromorphic computing inspired by biological synapses requires memory devices capable of mimicking short-term memory (STM) and associative learning. In this study, we investigate a 15 nm-thick Hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)-based ferroelectric memristor device, which exhibits robust STM characteristics and successfully replicates Pavlov's dog experiment. The optimized 15 nm HZO layer demonstrates enhanced ferroelectric properties, including a stable orthorhombic phase and a reliable short-term synaptic response.

Amphiphilic lipid-peptide engineered placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells for liver fibrosis treatment.

The global mortality rate due to liver diseases, particularly liver fibrosis, is increasing. Among various treatment methods, stem cell therapy using placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) offers distinct benefits, including ease of isolation and superior proliferative potential. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDMSCs, the WKYMVm peptide was selected for cell engineering.

Acid-Free Liquid Crystalline Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Polyelectrolytes for Interconnected Fibers, Yarns, and Electronic Textiles.

Liquid crystalline (LC) solutions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) provide an attractive route to ordered fibers, films, and coatings, with exceptional multifunctional properties. Here, the formation of nematic phases, using reductive chemistry, to generate SWCNT polyelectrolytes (sodium nanotubides) as an alternative to routes based on superacids is elucidated. Strikingly, the stable mesophase domain of SWCNT polyelectrolytes extends to spontaneous LC nematic formation at a low concentration of 0.

Direct shoulder MR arthrography using an iron-based positive T1 contrast agent (NEMO-103): comparison of image quality with gadolinium-based contrast.

The need for alternative MR contrast agents in direct shoulder MR arthrography (MRA) arises from limitations associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which are deemed "off-label" for MRA and raise concerns about potential toxicity to joint tissue. This study aims to compare the image quality of NEMO-103 (codename)-based and GBCA-based direct shoulder MRA. A total of 89 MRAs from 81 patients were analyzed, with 39 NEMO-103-based MRAs from 31 patients and 50 GBCA-based MRAs from 50 patients.

Natural killer cell membrane manipulation for augmented immune synapse and anticancer efficacy.

Natural killer (NK) cells are proving a powerful platform in cancer immunotherapy due to their innate cytotoxicity and ability to recognize tumor cells independently of antigen presentation. In preclinical and clinical studies, engineered NK cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated strong antitumor efficacy, showcasing the potential of genetic reprogramming to enhance specificity and activation. In parallel, biomaterial-assisted surface engineering has gained momentum as a complementary strategy, offering a genome-independent and modular means of customizing NK cell functionality.

Energy Efficient Hybrid Reservoir Computing Using HfZrO Ferroelectric Thin-Film Transistors with an Integrated Optically and Electrically Synaptic Functions.

This study introduces an ultralow power hybrid reservoir computing (HRC) system employing an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)/HfZrO (HZO)-based ferroelectric thin-film transistor (FeTFT) for neuromorphic applications. The proposed FeTFT system integrates volatile and nonvolatile functionalities, respectively driven by optical and electrical stimuli, to emulate short-term and long-term synaptic behaviors. Leveraging persistent photoconductivity in the IGZO channel under optical excitation, the FeTFT exhibits dynamic reservoir characteristics, while HZO-induced ferroelectric polarization enables robust long-term memory for the readout layer.

Integrated Design of Electrically Configurable Ferroelectric and Redox-Based Memristors for Hardware-Implemented Reservoir Computing.

Reservoir computing (RC) offers advantages in processing time-series data with reduced training costs and simpler architectures. This study presents a hardware-implemented RC system utilizing multifunctional memristors fabricated using a single process. By leveraging a ferroelectric-based memristor (FM) as a volatile reservoir layer and a redox-based memristor (RM) as a non-volatile readout layer, seamless integration without additional fabrication steps is achieved.

Collapsing the Bottleneck by Interfacial Effect of Ni/CeO for Long-Term Hydrogen Production using Waste Alkaline Water in Practical-Scale Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

The demand for hydrogen production compels the development of various strategies for water splitting. Among these strategies, the Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE) offers the advantages such as low cost and the production of high-purity hydrogen. Waste alkaline water generated from various industries can be directly used in the AEMWE system, due to its appropriate pH range of 13-14.

Dynamic polarization control of Ni electrodes for sustainable and scalable water electrolysis under alkaline conditions.

Despite the wide array of oxygen evolution reaction active materials revealed thus far, challenges persist in translating their half-cell scale activities into scalable devices with long-term durability. Here, we present a dynamic polarization control for the continuous electrochemical activation of readily available Ni electrode anodes to achieve sustainable and scalable water electrolysis. Periodic application of a reductive potential between high current density cycles (0.

CD44 Receptor-Mediated Ferroptosis Induction by Hyaluronic Acid Carbon Quantum Dots in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Through Downregulation of SLC7A11 Pathway.

The field of cancer therapy is actively pursuing highly effective self-targeted drug delivery materials endowed with exceptional properties. Recently, hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, has been recognized as a potential target ligand for CD44 receptors, which are frequently expressed on various solid tumor cells targeted in cancer therapy. HA carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibit several advantageous properties, including a high surface area-to-volume ratio, small particle size, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity, making them ideal for biomedical applications, such as CD44-targeted drug delivery in ferroptosis-based cancer therapy.

Fully hardware-oriented physical reservoir computing using 3D vertical resistive switching memory with different bottom electrodes.

Reservoir computing (RC) is a promising machine learning paradigm that processes input data using a fixed random network. However, implementing both reservoir and readout layers typically requires multiple devices and additional fabrication steps. To overcome this, we introduce a fully integrated RC system based on a vertically stacked Ta/TaO/HfO/W and TiN vertical-resistive random-access memory (VRRAM) structure, which can select short-term and long-term memory in VRRAM structure with different bottom electrodes.

Changes in Health Risks, Daily Activities and Antipsychotic Use After Humanitude Care for People With Dementia: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: This study examined changes in health risk, daily activities and antipsychotic use after receiving Humanitude care for people with dementia.

Design: Retrospective study design.

Methods: A total of 67 people with dementia were admitted to two municipal nursing hospitals and were receiving Humanitude care.

Optimal Anterolateral Ligament Tibial Tunnel Orientation to Prevent ACL Tunnel Collision and Saphenous Nerve Injury.

Background: Collision risks between femoral tunnels during combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction have been reported. However, studies on collision risks between tibial tunnels and optimal ALL tibial tunnel orientation are lacking.

Purpose: To analyze the optimal orientation of the ALL tibial tunnel to minimize collisions with the ACL tibial tunnel while preventing injury to the saphenous nerve in combined reconstruction.

Depolarization Field Controllable HfZrO-Based Ferroelectric Capacitors for Physical Reservoir Computing System.

Reservoir computing as one of the artificial neural networks can process input signals in various ways, thereby showing strength in modeling data that changes over time. The reservoir is utilized in various fields because it is particularly energy efficient in learning and can exhibit powerful performance with relatively few trainings cost. This study emphasizes the significant advantages of the hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) film in reservoir applications by controlling the depolarization field.

Three-Dimensionally Measured TT-TG Distance Remains After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Correlates With Internal Rotation of Distal Tibial Segment Below the Osteotomy Site.

ObjectiveTo evaluate perioperative changes in anatomical parameters related to patellofemoral biomechanics, as well as cartilage repair outcomes following additional arthroscopic marrow stimulation for full-thickness trochlear cartilage defects (TCDs) during medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).DesignA total of 38 patients (38 knees) who underwent arthroscopic marrow stimulation (microfracture or microdrilling) for TCDs combined with MOWHTO were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 27.

Recent Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Engineering Strategies for Precise Strike Therapy against Tumor.

Effective drug delivery relies on the selection of suitable carriers, which is crucial for protein-based therapeutics such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). One of the key advantages of TRAIL is its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells excluding healthy tissues by binding to death receptors DR4 and DR5, which are highly expressed in various cancer cells. Despite this promise, the clinical application of TRAIL has been limited by its short half-life, limited stability, and inefficient delivery to tumor sites.

Considerations for repetitive intrathecal procedures in long-term nusinersen treatment for non-ambulatory spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive motor function loss and skeletal muscular atrophy. Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is the first FDA-approved therapy to achieve a significant milestone in SMA management. However, its high molecular weight requires intrathecal administration, posing challenges for clinical implementation.

Arthroscopic Microdrilling for Full-Thickness Trochlear Cartilage Defects in Patients Undergoing High Tibial Osteotomy Confers Improved Cartilage Status at 1 Year and Rate of Minimal Clinically Important Difference at Short-Term Follow-Up.

Purpose: To compare the patient-reported outcome (PRO) improvements and cartilage status of trochlear cartilage defects (TCDs) after additional arthroscopic microdrilling versus no treatment for TCDs during medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).

Methods: Patients who underwent MOWHTO with either microdrilling (group M) or no treatment (group N) for near full-thickness TCDs (International Cartilage Repair Society grade IIIB or greater) from March 2010 to September 2022 were retrospectively reviewed, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. 1:1 Propensity score-matched group N was created.

Modeling of Composition and Channel Length-Dependent Transient Characteristics in Short-Channel IGZO Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we analyze the characteristics of fast transient drain current () in IGZO-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with different composition ratios (device O: ratio of 1:1:1 for In, Ga, Zn, device G: ratio of 0.307:0.39:0.

3D Vertical Ferroelectric Capacitors with Excellent Scalability.

Three-dimensional vertically stacked memory is more cost-effective than two-dimensional stacked memory. Vertically stacked memory using ferroelectric materials has great potential not only in high-density memory but also in neuromorphic fields because it secures low voltage and fast operation speed. This paper presents the implementation of a ferroelectric capacitor comprising a vertical two-layer stacked structure composed of a titanium nitride (TiN)/aluminum-doped hafnium oxide/TiN configuration.

Cation composition ratio and channel length effects on bias stress instability in amorphous InGaZnO back-end-of-line field-effect transistors.

This study optimizes V and ΔV in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) field-effect transistors (FETs) by examining the influence of both channel length (L) and Ga composition. It was observed that as the ratio of In: Ga: Zn changed from 1:1:1 to 0.307:0.

Mechanical stability of the proximal tibia with different bone formations after plate removal in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a finite element analysis.

Background: No clear agreement exists on the degree of bone formation required to remove a metal plate without correction loss after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). We aimed to investigate the mechanical stability of the proximal tibia with different bone formations after plate removal in MOWHTO using finite element models and determine the extent of bone formation when the plate can be removed without correction loss.

Methods: The MOWHTO models with 5, 10, and 15 mm opening gaps were generated.

High-Performance Pure Water-Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis with Patterned Membrane via Mechanical Stress and Hydration-Mediated Patterning Technique.

Despite rapid advancements in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) technology, achieving pure water-fed AEMWE remains critical for system simplification and cost reduction. Under pure water-fed conditions, electrochemical reactions occur solely at active sites connected to ionic networks. This study introduces an eco-friendly patterning technique leveraging membrane swelling properties by applying mechanical stress during dehydration under fixed constraints.