Microbiota-dependent formylated peptide receptor (Fpr1/2) signaling regulates enteric nervous system development and gastrointestinal motility in mice.

Background & Aims: Formylated peptide receptors 1 and 2 (Fpr1/2 or FPRs) are G-protein-coupled pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial formylated peptides. The role of FPRs in enteric nervous system (ENS) development and gastrointestinal (GI) motility is unknown.

Methods: We generated mice with germline, epithelial-, and neural crest-specific deletion of the Fpr1/2 locus and assessed ENS structure and GI motility.

Use of a generative pre-trained transformer-based virtual patient for health assessment and communication training in nursing education: A mixed-methods study.

Aim: This study evaluated the use of a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT)-based virtual patient in nursing education.

Background: In nursing education, conventional training methods such as interactions with real-life or standardized patients exhibit limitations such as psychological distress, repetitive training and insufficient cost- and time-effectiveness. Because of their capacity to emulate human-like dialogue, GPTs have emerged as a valuable resource for educational nursing activities.

Tissue-specific iron levels modulate lipid peroxidation and the FLASH radiotherapy effect.

Iron is vital to living cells, playing a key role in cellular respiration, DNA synthesis, and various metabolic functions. Importantly, cancer cells have a higher dependency on iron compared to normal cells to support their rapid growth and survival. Due to this fact, tumors are more vulnerable to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death.

Mitochondrial dysfunction by glyoxalase 1 deficiency disrupts definitive endoderm and alveolar development of human pluripotent stem cells.

Normal mitochondrial function is essential for human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE). However, the underlying mechanisms that maintain mitochondrial homeostasis during DE differentiation are not fully elucidated. Here we report that glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a novel regulator of DE differentiation and subsequent alveolar development in hiPS cells via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the world's most endangered tern, Thalasseus bernsteini, and a mitogenomic phylogenetic study of the Laridae family.

Thalasseus bernsteini (Chinese crested tern), known as the rarest tern in the world, has become critically endangered with a severely diminished population. Understanding its genetic diversity is crucial for conservation efforts. However, no genomic resource has been publicly reported for this species.

Thrombophilia in Liver Donors: Prevalence of Protein C or S Deficiency in Korean Candidates and Decision Considerations.

Background: Donor thrombophilia poses risks to both donors and recipients. To address donor safety without unnecessarily decreasing the donor pool, we aimed to determine the incidence of protein C (PC) or protein S (PS) deficiency among living liver donor candidates and propose a decision-making algorithm for donation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1421 living donor candidates who underwent primary donor evaluation at a single center between January 2017 and February 2022.

Comparison of clinical and biomechanical results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using conventional and triple-row suture-bridge techniques.

BackgroundThe suture-bridge technique (SBT), with its various modifications, is frequently utilized in rotator cuff tear repairs. This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical and radiological tendon integrity outcomes of conventional and triple-row SBTs in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Additionally, it evaluated the construct strength of each technique through biomechanical experiments.

Recent Applications of Lung Organoid and Lung-on-a-Chip Technologies for Evaluating the Toxicity of Fine Particulate Matter.

There is mounting epidemiologic and experimental evidence of the harmful effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human lung health. However, the current utilization of two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models falls short in accurately recapitulating the complexity, functions, and development of the human lung.

Protocatechuic acid modulates the circadian rhythm of keratinocytes and maintains skin barrier integrity.

Background: Circadian rhythms are intrinsic 24-h biological cycles that regulate key physiological processes, including skin cell proliferation, DNA repair, and barrier homeostasis. Disruption of these rhythms accelerates skin aging, compromises barrier integrity, and increases susceptibility to oxidative stress. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its role in regulating circadian rhythms has not been previously explored.

Swine model of Bundibugyo and Reston virus infection reveals a robust immune response following the infection: A multi-tissue immune profiling study.

Domestic pigs are a vital component of the global food supply, with a population nearing 780 million worldwide, making them one of the most commonly raised livestock. As pig production intensifies, the associated practices and environmental conditions may elevate the risk of emergence and spread of zoonotic agents, including ebolaviruses. Previously, we demonstrated that experimentall infection with Orthoebolavirus bundibugyoense and Orthoebolavirus restonense in pigs caused sub-clinical signs, with only a few animals exhibiting elevated temperatures and limited signs of acute respiratory distress.

Iatrogenic lung overinflation resulting in pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum during oxygen therapy after general anesthesia: A case report.

Rationale: Oxygen therapy is a critical component of postoperative care, particularly after general anesthesia. Although generally safe, its improper administration can lead to serious complications. This report details an incident of lung overinflation during postoperative oxygen therapy that resulted in pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum.

Assessment of population exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation in South Korea.

The objective of this study is to quantitatively estimate the annual population exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation in South Korea by conducting a high-resolution car-borne survey across the entire country. From 2013 to 2017, a total of 723 052 gamma-ray measurements were collected using a vehicle-mounted NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The measured count rates were converted into the activity concentrations of radionuclides (Ra,Th, andK), and subsequently into absorbed dose rates in air (nGy h) using Beck's formula.

Hydroxylation near the epoxyketone of carfilzomib confers protection from microsomal epoxide hydrolase-mediated metabolism.

Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitor (PI) drug approved for multiple myeloma therapy. Despite its improved efficacy and safety profiles over bortezomib (the first-in-class PI drug), CFZ has a short half-life in vivo (< 1 hour), possibly contributing to the lack of efficacy against solid cancers. Previous studies indicated that microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) plays a predominant role in the metabolic degradation of CFZ.

Retained introns in phototransduction genes of 5xFAD mouse retina suggest vision impairment as an early diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the brain, which leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. Therefore, early diagnosis by employing various biomarkers is crucial for preventing and treating AD. Although retinal pathology is an emerging biomarker associated with AD, detailed molecular mechanisms of retinal impairments remain unclear.

Potential utility of salivary gland amyloid uptake as a surrogate marker for adipose tissue and amyloid-beta dynamics based on its association with BMI and cerebral amyloid burden.

Recent studies have noted an unexpected inverse correlation between body mass index (BMI) and cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, suggesting a potential involvement of adipose tissue in AD pathology. Given the adipose-rich nature of salivary glands, we investigated whether Aβ uptake in the salivary glands is associated with the link between BMI and cerebral Aβ deposition usingF-Florbetaben PET/CT. We analyzed data from 187 participants, classified into Aβcognitively normal (AβCN), Aβ mild cognitive impairment (AβMCI), and Aβ AD dementia (AβD) groups.

Directly measured high in-plane thermal conductivity of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are promising low-density porous materials for lightweight thermal management, yet comprehensive thermal conductivity measurements remain scarce. Particularly, direct in-plane thermal conductivity data for large-area, fully suspended covalent organic framework thin films has not been reported previously. This study addresses this gap by measuring in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with varying pore sizes using laser-based pump-probe techniques.

Long-Term Prognostic Value of AFP and PIVKA-II in HCC After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Despite the development of numerous prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and mortality after liver transplantation, tumor biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) remain widely used in clinical practice. This study evaluated the performance of AFP and PIVKA-II compared with six prognostic models (RETREAT, SNAPP, MoRAL, R3-AFP, METROTICKET 2.0, and SALT) in a retrospective cohort of 707 adults who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for HCC between 2003 and 2018.

Diverse Clinical Phenotypes of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease in South Korea.

Background And Purpose: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. GGC-repeat expansion in was recently identified as the genetic cause of NIID. Here we report clinical, radiological, pathological, and genetic findings in NIID patients.

Shift nurses' work quality and job satisfaction after implementing the Inha University hospital nursing AI scheduling system (IH-NASS).

Background: Shift work is essential for nurses and is the backbone of the healthcare workforce. Addressing the challenges associated with time-consuming scheduling is crucial for ensuring nurses' work quality, optimal staffing levels, and increased job satisfaction. We compared the work quality from both organizational and individual perspectives after the implementation of the Inha University Hospital Nursing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scheduling System (IH-NASS), and analyzed the factors influencing nurses' job satisfaction, focusing on their perceptions of IH-NASS and work quality.

Incidence trends and perinatal risk factors of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a nationwide population-based study from South Korea.

Background And Purpose:  South Korea has implemented the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC), which includes clinical hip screening with selective hip ultrasonography beginning at 4 months of age. We aimed to investigate the trends in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), associated risk factors, and growth and motor developmental outcomes up to preschool age.

Methods:  We included a retrospective, population-based birth cohort of children born between 2008 and 2015.

Indocyanine green fluorescence predicts biliary complications in living donor liver transplantation: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Biliary complications (BCs) following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are common. To minimize BCs and improve surgical outcomes, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence intensity (FI) is used to assess bile duct perfusion. This study investigated the association between ICG FI in the common bile duct (CBD) and postoperative BCs in patients undergoing LDLT.

Myeloid-specific TFAM deficiency drives mitochondrial DNA stress and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation.

Asthma is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease in adolescents and young adults, characterized by persistent airway inflammation and remodeling. Increasing evidence indicates that activated lung macrophages play a significant role in the initiation, intensity, progression, and resolution of allergic airway inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating macrophage-mediated inflammation in asthma remain incompletely understood.

Tissue-Specific Iron Levels Modulate Lipid Peroxidation and the FLASH Radiotherapy Effect.

Iron is vital to living cells, playing a key role in cellular respiration, DNA synthesis, and various metabolic functions. Importantly, cancer cells have a higher dependency on iron compared to normal cells to support their rapid growth and survival. Due to this fact, tumors are more vulnerable to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death.