Retained introns in phototransduction genes of 5xFAD mouse retina suggest vision impairment as an early diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the brain, which leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. Therefore, early diagnosis by employing various biomarkers is crucial for preventing and treating AD. Although retinal pathology is an emerging biomarker associated with AD, detailed molecular mechanisms of retinal impairments remain unclear.

Benzo(a)pyrene triggers cytotoxicity by disrupting cell cycle dynamics and activating Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in multiple human cell lines.

Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a known endocrine disruptor linked to various environmentally induced diseases. While recent studies have explored its role in short- and long-term disease development, there is limited research on B(a)P's cytotoxic effects across different cell types. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of B(a)P exposure in several human cell lines under controlled conditions.

Lamin B1 regulates RNA splicing factor expression by modulating the spatial positioning and chromatin interactions of the gene locus.

Lamin B1, a crucial component of the nuclear lamina, plays a pivotal role in chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. While recent studies have highlighted the connection between Lamin B1 and RNA splicing regulation, the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Lamin B1 depletion leads to a global reduction in splicing factor expression, as evidenced by analysis of multiple RNA-seq datasets.

Propylparaben-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and initiates caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human lung cells.

Background: Propylparaben (PrP) is commonly used as an antimicrobial agent in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. While recent studies have shown that PrP exposure can cause various disruptions in cellular physiology, the precise mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear.

Objective: In this study, we sought to examine the cytotoxic effects of PrP exposure on human lung cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Comparative study of cytotoxic Signaling pathways in H1299 cells exposed to alternative Bisphenols: BPA, BPF, and BPS.

Background: Bisphenols are prevalent in food, plastics, consumer goods, and industrial products. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes, bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), are known to act as estrogen mimics, leading to reproductive disorders, disruptions in fat metabolism, and abnormalities in brain development.

Objectives: Despite numerous studies exploring the adverse effects of bisphenols both and , the molecular mechanisms by which these compounds affect lung cells remain poorly understood.

Reorganization of H3K9me heterochromatin leads to neuronal impairment via the cascading destruction of the KDM3B-centered epigenomic network.

Histone H3K9 methylated heterochromatin silences repetitive non-coding sequences and lineage-specific genes during development, but how tissue-specific genes escape from heterochromatin in differentiated cells is unclear. Here, we examine age-dependent transcriptomic profiling of terminally differentiated mouse retina to identify epigenetic regulators involved in heterochromatin reorganization. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals a gradual downregulation of in cone photoreceptors during aging.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) phosphorylates OTX2 transcription factor that regulates early retinal development.

Background: The transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) has critical functions in brain and eye development, and its mutations in humans are related to retinal diseases, such as ocular coloboma and microphthalmia. However, the regulatory mechanisms of OTX2 are poorly identified.

Objective: The identification of JNK1 as an OTX2 regulatory protein through the protein interaction and phosphorylation.

A Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting cKIT Is a Potent Inhibitor of Pathological Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice.

Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor, cKIT, are novel regulators of pathological neovascularization in the eye, which suggests that inhibition of SCF/cKIT signaling may be a novel pharmacological strategy for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of a newly developed fully human monoclonal antibody targeting cKIT, NN2101, in a murine model of neovascular AMD. In hypoxic human endothelial cells, NN2101 substantially inhibited the SCF-induced increase in angiogenesis and activation of the cKIT signaling pathway.

Mercury Chloride but Not Lead Acetate Causes Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblast MRC5 Cells via Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression.

Heavy metals are important for various biological systems, but, in excess, they pose a serious risk to human health. Heavy metals are commonly used in consumer and industrial products. Despite the increasing evidence on the adverse effects of heavy metals, the detailed mechanisms underlying their action on lung cancer progression are still poorly understood.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals HgCl Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Lung Carcinoma H1299 Cells through Caspase-3-Independent Pathway.

Mercury is one of the detrimental toxicants that can be found in the environment and exists naturally in different forms; inorganic and organic. Human exposure to inorganic mercury, such as mercury chloride, occurs through air pollution, absorption of food or water, and personal care products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HgCl on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptotic pathway, and alters of the transcriptome profiles in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, H1299.

Bisphenol A Exposure Changes the Transcriptomic and Proteomic Dynamics of Human Retinoblastoma Y79 Cells.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen chemical commonly used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin and might affect various human organs. However, the cellular effects of BPA on the eyes have not been widely investigated. This study aimed to investigate the cellular cytotoxicity by BPA exposure on human retinoblastoma cells.

Ablation of Reduces Cell Viability and Increases UVC-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells.

Uracil is an unavoidable aberrant base in DNA sequences, the repair of which takes place by a highly efficient base excision repair mechanism. The removal of uracil from the genome requires multiple biochemical steps with conformational changes of DNA that inhibit DNA replication and interfere with transcription. However, the relevance of uracil in DNA for cellular physiology and transcriptional regulation is not fully understood.

Ethylparaben induces apoptotic cell death in human placenta BeWo cells via the Caspase-3 pathway.

Parabens are generally used as preservatives in foods, pharmaceuticals, and various other commercial products. Among them, ethylparaben has weaker estrogenic characteristics than endogenous estrogen. However, growing evidence indicates that ethylparaben has an adverse effect on various human tissues.

Transcriptome dynamics of alternative splicing events revealed early phase of apoptosis induced by methylparaben in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells.

Methylparaben is most frequently used as an antimicrobial preservative in pharmaceuticals and foods. Methylparaben has been subjected to toxicological studies owing to the increasing concern regarding its possible impact on the environment and human health. However, the cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of methylparaben exposure in human lung cells have not been explored.

Histone demethylase KDM3B regulates the transcriptional network of cell-cycle genes in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most lethal cancer worldwide. Although gene mutations associated with HCC development have been intensively studied, how epigenetic factors specifically modulate the functional properties of HCC by regulating target gene expression is unclear. Here we demonstrated the overexpression of KDM3B in liver tissue of HCC patients using public RNA-seq data.

Transcriptome analysis for UVB-induced phototoxicity in mouse retina.

Throughout life, the human eye is continuously exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Ambient light exposure can lead to visual impairment and transient or permanent blindness. To mimic benign light stress conditions, Mus musculus eyes were exposed to low-energy UVB radiation, ensuring no severe morphological changes in the retinal structure post-exposure.

Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) regulates retinal development through a PAX6-dependent pathway.

Cell fate determination is tightly controlled by the expression of transcription factors and gene regulatory networks. PAX6 is a transcription factor containing a DNA-binding paired-box domain and homeobox domain that plays a key role in the development of the eye, brain, and pancreas. Here, we showed that histone deacetyltransferase 1 (HDAC1) is a novel binding partner of PAX6 in newborn mouse retinas.