Adverse childhood experiences and adult employment outcomes: Unpacking mechanisms across the life course.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are increasingly recognized as determinants of long-term health and development, yet their effects on employment outcomes in adulthood remain understudied. This study examines the association between ACEs during adolescence and two employment outcomes in adulthood: unemployment status and precarious employment. Based on a life course framework, we also explored five potential mediators: educational attainment, locus of control, incarceration, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health.

Loss of COL20A1 in Schwann Cells Alters Regeneration of the Neuromuscular Junction and Locomotor Activity in Mice.

Collagen type XX alpha 1 (COL20A1) was recently found to be highly concentrated in perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), the synaptic glia of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), suggesting that COL20A1 plays important roles in PSCs and at the NMJ. To investigate this possibility, we generated mice lacking Col20a1 only in Schwann cells (Col20a1-SCKO) and globally (Col20a1-gKO). PSCs and NMJs were morphologically unchanged in adult Col20a1-SCKO mice despite these conditional mice exhibiting gait abnormalities.

Understanding the link between adolescent depression and precarious employment in adulthood: evidence from a sibling fixed effects analysis.

Background: Adolescent depressive symptoms may mark the beginning of long-term trajectories of socioeconomic disadvantage, yet their role in shaping labor market outcomes remains understudied. This study investigates the longitudinal association between depressive symptoms in adolescence and precarious employment in adulthood and explores the mediating roles of persistent depressive symptoms and educational attainment.

Methods: Using a sample of 3,703 individuals from full sibling pairs in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we employed sibling fixed effects models to control for unobserved family-level confounding.

Conditional Protein Structure Generation with Protpardelle-1c.

We present Protpardelle-1c, a collection of protein structure generative models with robust motif scaffolding and support for multi-chain complex generation under hotspot-conditioning. Enabling sidechain-conditioning to a backbone-only model increased Protpardelle-1c's MotifBench score from 4.97 to 28.

Blockade of TLR2 activation in macrophages by self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles alleviates psoriasis-like skin dermatitis.

Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) exhibit promising therapeutic effects against psoriasis, yet their precise targets and molecular mechanisms remain inadequately explored. Here, we demonstrate that HANPs target toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to alleviate psoriatic skin inflammation in preclinical settings. This action is mediated by the HA-derived hydrophilic shell surrounding the NPs, rather than free HA or the hydrophobic core.

Unpacking the consequences of adolescent dating violence victimization: Adult victimization and perpetration across intimate and non-intimate contexts.

Adolescent dating violence victimization is a prevalent public health issue with potential long-term consequences, yet little is known about its impact on different forms of adult violence. This study investigated the long-term association between adolescent dating violence victimization and violence involvement in adulthood, differentiating between intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-intimate partner violence (non-IPV), as well as victimization and perpetration. It also examined whether these associations vary by gender and race/ethnicity.

How Are Marital Transitions Associated With Cognitive Functioning Amid Health Declines? A Gender-Specific Hybrid Panel Model Analysis Using the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives: Marriage is associated with cognitive functioning, but gender differences, particularly in the context of health declines, remain underexplored. This study examines how marital transitions, health status, and gender interact to shape cognitive functioning in older adults.

Methods: Using data from Waves 3-13 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (130,003 person-wave observations), hybrid panel models estimate time-varying and time-constant effects while accounting for unobserved individual heterogeneity.

Real-Time PCR-Based Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Groundwater: Primer Performance and Method Validation.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis and is primarily transmitted via contaminated water and food. Groundwater may also serve as a potential vector for HEV transmission. This study aimed to optimize real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for the detection of HEV, employing both TaqMan probe- and SYBR Green-based methods.

Social connections to neighbors and NIMBYism among public housing residents in Seoul.

The study examines whether and how transitions into and out of social connections with neighbors have asymmetric effects on residents' attitudes toward the siting of locally unwanted land uses-commonly referred to as "Not In My Backyard" (NIMBY) responses. These facilities, like special schools or public housing, may benefit society, but are often opposed locally due to perceived harms. We used data from the Seoul Public Rental Housing Panel Survey (N = 6317).

Generation and validation of a Hounsfield unit (HU) threshold for predicting mechanical and junctional complications following thoracolumbar or lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Computed tomography-based Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements can be used to evaluate localized bone mineral density preoperatively in spinal fusion patients. While multiple studies have reported HU cutoffs predictive of screw loosening, cage subsidence, proximal junctional kyphosis/failure (PJK/PJF), and other mechanical complications, a standardized validated HU threshold has not been established.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed for articles that reported HU measurements in thoracolumbar or lumbar fusion patients with and without postoperative complications.

Assessing generative model coverage of protein structures with SHAPES.

Recent advances in generative modeling enable efficient sampling of protein structures, but their tendency to optimize for designability imposes a bias toward idealized structures at the expense of loops and other complex structural motifs that are critical for function. We introduce SHAPES (structural and hierarchical assessment of proteins with embedding similarity) to evaluate five state-of-the-art generative models of protein structures. Using structural embeddings across multiple structural hierarchies, ranging from local geometries to global protein architectures, we reveal substantial undersampling of the observed protein structure space by these models.

Optimization of Natural Killer Cell Expansion with K562-mbIL-18/-21 Feeder Cells and Assurance of Feeder Cell-free Products.

Background: Cancer cell line-derived feeder cells enhance natural killer (NK) cell expansion; however, concerns regarding viable residual feeder cells in the final product limit their use. Evidence supporting the safety of NK-sensitive K562-based feeders, even when irradiated, is scarce. We optimized an NK cell expansion protocol using genetically engineered K562-mbIL-18/-21 (GE-K562) feeder cells and clinical-grade media and confirmed the absence of residual feeder cells.

Teen dating violence victimization and mental health in adulthood: The mediating roles of violence experiences and lifestyle factors.

Adolescent dating violence victimization is a prevalent but often underexamined form of early relational trauma, with potential long-term consequences for mental health. This study investigates the longitudinal association between adolescent dating violence victimization and depressive symptoms in adulthood and explores the mediating roles of subsequent violence-related experiences and lifestyle factors. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we analyzed a sibling subsample (N = 1,474) followed through Waves I to V.

Unraveling gender and racial/ethnic differences in the life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to economic disadvantage in adulthood.

Background: While the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health, social, and behavioral outcomes are well established, less is known about their long-term association with economic well-being.

Objective: This study examined the longitudinal relationship between ACEs and economic disadvantage in adulthood, exploring heterogeneity by gender and race/ethnicity, identifying distinct associations by ACE type, and investigating underlying mechanisms.

Participants And Setting: Data were drawn from Waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), including 12,546 participants.

Retained introns in phototransduction genes of 5xFAD mouse retina suggest vision impairment as an early diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the brain, which leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. Therefore, early diagnosis by employing various biomarkers is crucial for preventing and treating AD. Although retinal pathology is an emerging biomarker associated with AD, detailed molecular mechanisms of retinal impairments remain unclear.

Spousal loss and physical vulnerability: Diverging frailty trajectories by educational attainment in older adults.

Spousal loss is a major life event in later adulthood that can increase vulnerability to physical decline. Despite a growing body of research on spousal loss and health, less is known about its long-term impact on frailty, and whether this association varies by educational attainment. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between spousal loss and frailty among older adults and assess whether this relationship is moderated by education.

Sustainable Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Activated Carbon for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Devices Applications.

In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SCB), an abundant agricultural byproduct, was transformed into activated carbon via a controlled thermochemical pyrolysis route for high-performance energy storage applications. Herein, we utilized the activated carbon derived from pure sugarcane bagasse (SCB-AC) and further activated using KOH (SCB-KOH-AC) as an electrode material in aqueous symmetric supercapacitor configurations. The synthesized activated carbon was subjected to analysis using a range of characteristics including FT-Raman spectroscopy, which was employed to confirm the functional groups present in the carbon materials.

Evaluation of retrieval-augmented generation and large language models in clinical guidelines for degenerative spine conditions.

Purpose: Degenerative spinal diseases often require complex, patient-specific treatment, presenting a compelling challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) integration into clinical practice. While existing literature has focused on ChatGPT-4o performance in individual spine conditions, this study compares ChatGPT-4o, a traditional large language model (LLM), against NotebookLM, a novel retrieval-augmented model (RAG-LLM) supplemented with North American Spine Society (NASS) guidelines, for concordance with all five published NASS guidelines for degenerative spinal diseases.

Methods: A total of 118 questions from NASS guidelines regarding five degenerative spinal conditions were presented to ChatGPT-4o and NotebookLM.

The differential impact of increasing and decreasing maternal work-family conflict on children's executive function difficulties in South Korea.

Although recent studies have examined the impacts of maternal work-family conflict (WFC) on child development, the cognitive domain remains underexplored. This study investigates the longitudinal relationship between maternal WFC and children's executive function (EF) difficulties in South Korea, with an emphasis on the asymmetric effects and potential heterogeneity by the child's sex. Utilizing four waves from the Panel Study on Korean Children, this study focused on employed mothers and their school-age children (N = 1,054).

Loneliness After Bereavement: The Role of Survivor Gender and Caregiving Involvement.

Background And Objectives: Despite a growing body of research on the effects of spousal bereavement, little is known about whether spousal loss is longitudinally associated with changes in loneliness among widowed individuals. Furthermore, few studies have examined the roles of spousal caregiving and gender in this context. The present study investigates (a) trajectories of loneliness before and after the death of a spouse and (b) whether these trajectories of loneliness differ by gender and caregiving involvement of surviving spouse.

Enhanced engraftment and immunomodulatory effects of integrin alpha-2-overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potential as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, their clinical efficacy is often limited by poor post-transplant survival and adaptability in the host environment. Accordingly, MSCs are primed to boost their therapeutic efficacy for treating a variety of diseases.

The Timing of Police Encounters in Adolescence and Adult Cognitive Function: Heterogeneity by Race/Ethnicity.

This study investigated whether police stops in adolescence are associated with cognitive function in adulthood, with a particular focus on racial/ethnic heterogeneity. Moreover, this study explored how the timing of first stops affects these associations. Using data from waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study employed ordinary least squares regression models with school fixed effects.

Biomass-Derived Activated Porous Carbon from Foxtail Millet Husk to Utilizing High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Applications.

This study successfully demonstrates the synthesis of foxtail millet carbon-activated (FMCA) materials using a two-step carbonization process from foxtail millet husk (FMH). The pre-carbonized biomass-derived millet husk was chemically activated with KOH at 500 °C and subsequently carbonized in an inert argon atmosphere at 800 °C in a tubular furnace. XRD analysis revealed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 23.

Mn(acac)/Hydrazide-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Couplings of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Their Mechanistic Studies.

Aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative couplings of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines were developed using a Mn(acac) and ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate cocatalytic system. Nucleophiles, including nitroalkanes, dialkyl malonates, acetophenones, indoles, phosphonates, and phosphine oxides, were successfully employed to produce α-functionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. Control experiments revealed that radical species are not involved in the mechanism.