Substrate-Independent Photografting of Hyaluronic Acid for Antifouling Coatings.

This work introduces a substrate-independent method for covalently immobilizing pristine hyaluronic acid (HA) as an antifouling coating on various surfaces. A tyrosine-conjugated perfluorophenyl azide (Tyr-PFPA) was synthesized, containing a tyrosine moiety that undergoes tyrosinase-mediated oxidation to form a melanin-mimetic film on various substrates and a PFPA moiety that undergoes photolysis to generate nitrenes. The resulting poly(Tyr-PFPA) film enabled the covalent grafting of HA via simple photoirradiation following physical adsorption, forming a poly(Tyr-PFPA)-HA film.

Deoxypodophyllotoxin induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor.

Aims: Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) has been reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. This study aimed to elucidate the novel molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of DPT.

Methods: The effects of DPT on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using MTT assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting.

Durable Seawater Electrolysis through the Synergistic Effect of Oxidized MXene/Nickel Ferrite Composite Electrocatalyst.

Seawater electrolysis is a promising approach for sustainable and environmentally friendly hydrogen production, primarily because it has zero carbon emissions and mitigates freshwater resource scarcity. However, seawater electrolysis requires high selectivities for both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in an environment characterized by a high concentration of impurity ions, particularly Cl. In addition, the corrosion resistance of materials to byproducts is essential.

Collapsing the Bottleneck by Interfacial Effect of Ni/CeO for Long-Term Hydrogen Production using Waste Alkaline Water in Practical-Scale Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

The demand for hydrogen production compels the development of various strategies for water splitting. Among these strategies, the Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE) offers the advantages such as low cost and the production of high-purity hydrogen. Waste alkaline water generated from various industries can be directly used in the AEMWE system, due to its appropriate pH range of 13-14.

Both phytochrome A and phyB interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs through an evolutionary conserved phy-APA interaction.

Phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB are red and far-red photoreceptors that interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) via active phyA-binding (APA) or active phyB-binding (APB) motifs. While APB interacts with the N-terminal photosensory module of phyB (phyB), it remains unclear whether APA interacts with phyA. We report that both phyA and phyB interact with APA through C-terminal output module of phy (phy), while phyB interacts additionally with APB through phyB.

Comparison of actual and automated CT measurements of urinary stone size: a phantom study.

Urinary stone size is key in determining treatment. Although computed tomography (CT) scans are widely used for diagnosing urinary stones, measurements of stone size obtained from CT images may be inaccurate compared to actual size. Twenty-four urinary stone phantoms were 3D printed at three densities (100, 1000, and 3000 Hounsfield units [HU]) and eight sizes.

Photonic Sintering as an Electrode Structuring Process to Improve Electrocatalytic Activity and Durability in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis is essential for achieving carbon-free energy. However, enhancing the performance of these systems, particularly at the electrode level, remains challenging. Photonic sintering (PS) is proposed as a highly effective post-treatment method for electrodes, highlighting the importance of electrode design and optimization.

Multi-Mode Hand Gesture-Based VR Locomotion Technique for Intuitive Telemanipulation Viewpoint Control in Tightly Arranged Logistic Environments.

Telemanipulation-based object-side picking with a suction gripper often faces challenges such as occlusion of the target object or the gripper and the need for precise alignment between the suction cup and the object's surface. These issues can significantly affect task success rates in logistics environments. To address these problems, this study proposes a multi-mode hand gesture-based virtual reality (VR) locomotion method to enable intuitive and precise viewpoint control.

Melanin-Inspired Maleimide Coatings on Various Substrates for Rapid Thiol Functionalization.

In this study, a substrate-independent maleimide film is developed that can be formed under mild aqueous conditions (pH 7.4), and which allows rapid and efficient external thiol immobilization onto the coated surfaces. For the coating block, tyrosine-conjugated maleimide (Tyr-Mal) containing a phenolic amine moiety is prepared as a substrate-independent dormant coating precursor, wherein the maleimide component permits a rapid Michael addition reaction with the thiol moiety of interest.

MiR-5586-5p Suppresses Hypoxia-induced Angiogenesis Through Multiple Targeting of HIF-1α, HBEGF and ADAM17 in Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a key role in the cellular response to hypoxia, which plays a crucial role in the induction of abnormal angiogenesis and metastasis. Understanding the mechanism for the regulation of angiogenesis by HIF-1α-regulating miRNA will contribute to developing the strategy to prevent metastasis.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a functional screening for HIF-1α-inhibiting miRNAs by evaluating the effects of miRNA mimics on HIF-1α expression and identified miR-5586-5p as an angiogenesis inhibitor through a mechanistic study.

A first step towards a machine learning-based framework for bloodstain classification in forensic science.

Bloodstains found at a crime scene can help estimate the events that occurred during the crime. Reconstructing the crime scene by analyzing the bloodstain pattern contributes to understanding the bloody event. Therefore, it is essential to classify bloodstains through bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) and accurately estimate the actions that took place at that time.

Impact of renal replacement therapy modality on coagulation and platelet function in critically ill patients: A prospective observational study.

Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) may affect coagulation and platelet function in critically ill patients. However, the mechanism and the difference in the impact on coagulation between intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of iHD and CRRT on coagulation and platelet function.

FR-MIL: Distribution Re-Calibration-Based Multiple Instance Learning With Transformer for Whole Slide Image Classification.

In digital pathology, whole slide images (WSI) are crucial for cancer prognostication and treatment planning. WSI classification is generally addressed using multiple instance learning (MIL), alleviating the challenge of processing billions of pixels and curating rich annotations. Though recent MIL approaches leverage variants of the attention mechanism to learn better representations, they scarcely study the properties of the data distribution itself i.

MLPH is a novel adipogenic factor controlling redox homeostasis to inhibit lipid peroxidation in adipocytes.

Abnormal adipose tissue formation is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and liver and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, identifying the novel factors that control adipogenesis is crucial for understanding these conditions and developing targeted treatments. In this study, we identified the melanosome-related factor MLPH as a novel adipogenic factor.

Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Cell-Surface-Engineered Recombinant and Potential Application for Anticancer Treatment.

Cell surface display engineering facilitated the development of a cobalt-binding hybrid . OmpC served as the molecular anchor for showcasing the cobalt-binding peptides (CBPs), creating the structural model of the hybrid OmpC-CBPs (OmpC-CP, OmpC-CF). Subsequently, the recombinant peptide's cobalt adsorption and retrieval effectiveness were evaluated at various concentrations.

Engineering of itaconic acid pathway via co-localization of CadA and AcnA in recombinant Escherichia coli.

Itaconic acid is an excellent polymeric precursor with a wide range of industrial applications. The efficient production of itaconate from various renewable substrates was demonstrated by engineered Escherichia coli. However, limitation in the itaconic acid precursor supply was revealed by finding out the key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid in the itaconic acid pathway.

Application of the surface engineered recombinant Escherichia coli to the industrial battery waste solution for lithium recovery.

Escherichia coli were engineered to selectively adsorb and recover lithium from the environment by employing a bacterial cell surface display strategy. Lithium binding peptide (LBP1) was integrated into the Escherichia coli membrane protein OmpC. The effect of environmental conditions on the adsorption of lithium by a recombinant strain was evaluated, and lithium particles on the cellular surface were analyzed by FE-SEM and XRD.

Hexane Fraction of var. Root Extract Inhibits Angiogenesis and Endothelial Cell-Induced Erlotinib Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of the hexane fraction of var. root extract (HAT) and its influence on the development of erlotinib resistance in human lung cancer cells. HAT significantly reduced the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

A Study on Wheel Member Condition Recognition Using 1D-CNN.

The condition of a railway vehicle's wheels is an essential factor for safe operation. However, the current inspection of railway vehicle wheels is limited to periodic major and minor maintenance, where physical anomalies such as vibrations and noise are visually checked by maintenance personnel and addressed after detection. As a result, there is a need for predictive technology concerning wheel conditions to prevent railway vehicle damage and potential accidents due to wheel defects.

A Study on Wheel Member Condition Recognition Using Machine Learning (Support Vector Machine).

The wheels of railway vehicles are of paramount importance in relation to railroad operations and safety. Currently, the management of railway vehicle wheels is restricted to post-event inspections of the wheels whenever physical phenomena, such as abnormal vibrations and noise, occur during the operation of railway vehicles. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predicting abnormalities in railway wheels in advance and enhancing the learning and prediction performance of machine learning algorithms.

Regulation of NLGN3 and the Synaptic Rho-GEF Signaling Pathway by CDK5.

Neuroligins (NLGNs) are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are involved in synapse assembly and function. The NLGN gene family consists of 5 genes (, , and ). NLGN3 forms heterodimers with other NLGNs and is expressed at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, although the distinct role at different synapses is not fully understood.

MicroRNA miR-214-5p induces senescence of microvascular endothelial cells by targeting the JAG1/Notch signaling pathway.

During cellular senescence, irreversible cell cycle arrest is accompanied by morphological and genetic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating senescence by modulating the abundance of crucial senescence regulatory proteins. Therefore, to identify novel senescence-associated miRNAs, we analyzed differentially expressed miRNAs in microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC).

Formation of Antifouling Brushes on Various Substrates Using a Melanin-Inspired Initiator Film.

In this study, we developed a substrate-independent initiator film that can undergo surface-initiated polymerization to form an antifouling brush. Inspired by the melanogenesis found in nature, we synthesized a tyrosine-conjugated bromide initiator (Tyr-Br) that contains phenolic amine groups as the dormant coating precursor and α-bromoisobutyryl groups as the initiator. The resultant Tyr-Br was stable under ambient air conditions and underwent melanin-like oxidation only in the presence of tyrosinase to form an initiator film on various substrates.

An Ethanol Extract of Leaves Suppresses Adrenergic Agonist-Induced Metastatic Ability of Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src-Mediated EMT.

Previous studies have indicated that the adrenergic receptor signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanol extract of leaves (EPF) traditionally used to treat stress-related symptoms by moving Qi could regulate the adrenergic agonist-induced metastatic ability of cancer cells. Our results show that adrenergic agonists including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and isoproterenol (ISO) increased migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Phytochrome B photobodies are comprised of phytochrome B and its primary and secondary interacting proteins.

Phytochrome B (phyB) is a plant photoreceptor that forms a membraneless organelle called a photobody. However, its constituents are not fully known. Here, we isolated phyB photobodies from Arabidopsis leaves using fluorescence-activated particle sorting and analyzed their components.