Iodine-starch chromogenic nanoplatforms for photothermal precision and IDO-mediated colorectal cancer therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, as current treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy are limited by poor precision, severe side effects, and the complex tumor microenvironment. Photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a promising alternative; however, conventional photothermal agents largely rely on synthetic materials, raising concerns about stability, toxicity, and metabolic degradation. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop a biocompatible photothermal nanoplatform using iodine (I)-loaded acetylated starch nanoparticles (ASt NPs).

Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies for chronic liver diseases: Advances and insights.

The liver is pivotal in protein synthesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and detoxification. However, the liver is susceptible to both acute and chronic disorders, with chronic conditions being fatal. Chronic liver diseases (CLDs), such as liver fibrosis, which usually represents the early manifestation of cirrhosis, primarily result from hepatitis B and C viruses infections, metabolic disorders, alcohol abuse, immune-mediated attacks, and cholestatic injury.

Macrophage targeting precision nanomedicine utilizing ROS-responsive metallozyme-loaded nanomicelle for enhanced treatment of gout-induced inflammation.

The excessive accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in joints leads to the pathological condition known as gout. While conventional treatments, which include Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, are available, their short half-life and low bioavailability limit their practical application. To overcome these limitations and leverage the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-rich microenvironment, this study developed a novel ROS-responsive thioketal-linked hyaluronic acid-based micelle loaded with manganese oxide (HTO-MnO) for enhanced treatment.

Optimizing the Surface Functionalization of Peptide-MXene Nanoplatforms to Amplify Tumor-Targeting Efficiency and Photothermal Therapy.

Energy storage and conversion extensively use MXenes, a class of 2-dimensional transition metals. Research is currently exploring MXenes in areas such as biomedical imaging, positioning them as a substantial contender in biomedical applications. Even though these biocompatible MXenes have many uses, it is challenging to make nanoparticles that are all the same size.

Triple-action cancer therapy using laser-activated NO-releasing metallomicellar nanophotosensitizer for pyroptosis-driven immune reprogramming.

Cancer photoimmunotherapy represents an intelligent and highly efficient therapeutic approach that harnesses the photothermal effect to precisely target and ablate tumor tissues, while simultaneously modulating the immune system to achieve tumor elimination. The integration of multifunctional therapeutic modalities for combined photoimmunotherapy requires advanced drug delivery systems. However, the design of a single nanoagent capable of serving as a multifunctional nanophotosensitizer remains a significant challenge.

Targeted nanoparticle delivery unleashes synergistic photothermal and immunotherapeutic effects against hepatocellular carcinoma.

The substantial mortality and morbidity of hepatocellular carcinoma, representing 90% of liver cancers, poses a significant health burden. The effectiveness of traditional hepatocellular carcinoma treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is limited, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. To this end, we synthesized phthalyl-pullulan nanoparticles encapsulating IR780 (an NIR-responsive heptamethine cyanine dye) and R848 (resiquimod; a TLR7/8 agonist) (PIR NPs).

Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Cell-Surface-Engineered Recombinant and Potential Application for Anticancer Treatment.

Cell surface display engineering facilitated the development of a cobalt-binding hybrid . OmpC served as the molecular anchor for showcasing the cobalt-binding peptides (CBPs), creating the structural model of the hybrid OmpC-CBPs (OmpC-CP, OmpC-CF). Subsequently, the recombinant peptide's cobalt adsorption and retrieval effectiveness were evaluated at various concentrations.

Rising Influence of Nanotechnology in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Disorders.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis.

Targeted treatment of gouty arthritis by biomineralized metallic nanozyme-mediated oxidative stress-mitigating nanotherapy.

Gouty arthritis is characterized by chronic deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints and other tissues, resulting in the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines that intensify synovial inflammation. This condition is mainly associated with inflammatory M1 macrophage activation and oxidative stress production. Hence, gout symptoms can often be resolved by eliminating M1 macrophage activation and scavenging oxidative stress in the inflamed areas.

Thermosusceptible Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Nitrogel for Strengthening Antitumor Immune Responses with Tumor Collagen Diminution and Deep Tissue Delivery during NIR Laser-Assisted Photoimmunotherapy.

Combined cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated promising potential with an amplified antitumor response and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation. However, one of the main issues that cause treatment failure is the poor diffusion and insufficient penetration of therapeutic and immunomodulatory agents in solid tumors. Herein, a cancer treatment approach that combines photothermal therapy (PTT) and nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy for tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, along with NLG919, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor that reduces tryptophan catabolism to kynurenine, and DMXAA, a stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonist that stimulates antigen cross-presentation, is proposed to overcome this issue.

A sugar modified amphiphilic cationic nano-adjuvant ceased tumor immune suppression and rejuvenated peptide vaccine induced antitumor immunity in cervical cancer.

Human papilloma virus (HPV), one of the most common cancer-causing viruses, accounts for more than 90% of human anal and cervical cancers. Clinical studies have focused on adjuvant therapy with vaccines to improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with late-stage HPV-related cancers. In the present study, a mannose receptor (CD206) targeting a lithocholic acid-modified polyethylenimine (PEI) nano-adjuvant delivering the toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist, resiquimod (R848) (mLAPMi-R848), in a HPV E6- and E7-expressing TC-1 tumor murine model was developed.

Biomineralized Nanoscavenger Abrogates Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization and Induces Neutrophil Clearance through Reverse Migration during Gouty Arthritis.

The deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induces the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines in residential macrophages, further promoting the infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes in the joints of gouty arthritis. Herein, a peroxidase-mimicking nanoscavenger was developed by forming manganese dioxide over albumin nanoparticles loaded with an anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin (BIM), to block the secretion of ROS and COX2-induced proinflammatory cytokines in the MSU-induced gouty arthritis model. In the MSU-induced arthritis mouse model, the BIM nanoparticles alleviated joint swelling, which is attributed to the abrogation of ROS and inflammatory cytokine secretions from proinflammatory macrophages that induces neutrophil infiltration and fluid building up in the inflammation site.

A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19.

In December 2019, an unknown viral infection emerged and quickly spread worldwide, resulting in a global pandemic. This novel virus caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has caused 6.

Metallic Nanoparticle-Mediated Immune Cell Regulation and Advanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy strategies leveraging the body's own immune system against cancer cells have gained significant attention due to their remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Several immune therapies have been approved for clinical use while expanding the modalities of cancer therapy. However, they are still not effective in a broad range of cancer patients because of the typical immunosuppressive microenvironment and limited antitumor immunity achieved with the current treatment.