Association of mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio for 24-hour mortality in patients with severe trauma.

Mean platelet volume (MPV) may be associated with trauma patients' outcomes. However, the relationship between the MPV-to-platelet count ratio (MPR) and the result of severe trauma has not been reported. This study aimed to analyze and compare the prognostic performances of MPV and MPR in severe trauma.

Evolution and Spread of Y280-Lineage H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Korea, 2020-2023.

In 2020, Y280-lineage H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza was detected in South Korea for the first time. Active surveillance from live bird markets (LBMs) and farms revealed the continuous circulation of Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses, replacing the previously indigenous Y439-lineage and becoming dominant in South Korea. Antigenic mapping showed a substantial antigenic difference between the Y280 and Y439-lineage viruses.

Discovery, phylogenetic, and comparative genomic analysis of novel avian gammacoronaviruses identified in feral pigeons ().

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has intensified efforts to identify emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) across diverse hosts. Spillover events, where CoVs transition from wildlife reservoirs to other species, can lead to infections with varying clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance. Understanding the diversity and distribution of both known and novel CoVs in wildlife reservoirs is crucial for predicting and preventing future spillover events.

Ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate targets PRDX5/c-Jun axis for novel therapeutic strategy against cervical cancer.

Objective: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with conventional therapies often proving inadequate due to treatment resistance and adverse effects. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (β-CCE) in cervical cancer and elucidates its molecular mechanism through peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) modulation.

Methods: Western blot assay were performed to asses the expression of protein levels; The cellular and mitochondrial ROS and mithochondrial membrane potential were observed with fluorescence microscopy; Bioinformatics analysis were used to check the expression levels of PRDX5 and JUN family proteins and prognosis analysis in cervical cancer; Transcriptome analysis was performed to analyse the gene expression levels between mock and shPRDX 5 cells; Serum TNF-α and INF-γ levels were detected by ELISA kits; HE staining analysis were performed to check the organ histopathological changes in mice.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the Light-vented Bulbul () killed by window collision in South Korea in 2023.

The Light-vented Bulbul () has rapidly expanded across East Asia, particularly in South Korea since the early 2000s. This study presents the complete mitochondrial genomes of five individuals died from window collisions in Seoul. The genomes, sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology, are 16,923bp long and contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs.

Digital Alchemy: The Rise of Machine and Deep Learning in Small-Molecule Drug Discovery.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on modern drug design, specifically focusing on how these advanced computational techniques address the inherent limitations of traditional small-molecule drug design methodologies. It begins by outlining the historical challenges of the drug discovery pipeline, including protracted timelines, exorbitant costs, and high clinical failure rates. Subsequently, it examines the core principles of structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS), establishing the critical bottlenecks that have historically impeded efficient drug development.

Cross-Species Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From Dogs to Hamsters and Pathological Changes in the Brain.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 causative agent, infects several species. Although COVID-19 was reported in some dogs, their roles in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to other species remain unclear. We investigated the ability of COVID-19 infected dogs to transmit SARS-CoV-2 virus to hamsters and assessed associated pulmonary and neuropathological changes in hamsters.

Characterizing Traction Forces in Upstream-Migrating Hematopoietic-like KG1a Cells Under Shear Flow.

Unlabelled: Cell migration is critical to leukocyte function, enabling leukocytes to patrol tissues and respond to inflammatory cues. Upstream migration is a distinct form of cell motility which enables leukocytes to move against the direction of fluid flow on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) surfaces. Upstream migration is mediated by the leukocyte integrin, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1).

Ultra-Fast Microwave-Assisted Volumetric Heating Engineered Defect-Free Ceria/Zirconia Bilayer Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells.

Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) hold significant promise as a sustainable energy conversion technology due to their high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. However, their development faces critical challenges, particularly in achieving dense ceria/zirconia bilayer electrolytes necessary to fully leverage state-of-the-art cobaltite-based oxygen electrodes. In this study, a microwave-assisted volumetric sintering process is successfully employed as a transformative alternative to the conventional, time-intensive sintering approach, enabling the fabrication of highly dense ceria/zirconia bilayer electrolytes.

Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H5N6) Viruses in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2023-2024.

We analyzed 15 cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.

Fracture load and retention of milled interim implant restorations fabricated on three types of abutments and two implant diameters: An in vitro study.

Purpose: To evaluate the fracture load and retention of subtractively manufactured interim restorations for single-unit implants of two diameters, using three interim abutment types: stock abutments, titanium base (Ti-base) abutments, and pre-milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) abutments.

Materials And Methods: A total of 90 milled PMMA interim restorations were fabricated on three abutment types: (1) cement-retained restorations on stock abutments (stock group), (2) screw-retained restorations on Ti-base abutments (Ti-base group), and (3) screw-retained restorations fabricated on pre-milled PMMA abutments (pre-milled PMMA group). For fracture load testing, 60 restorations were allocated across implants with two diameters (Ø3.

Anion Sublattice Engineering via Fluorine Doping to Enhance δ-BiO Stability for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells.

Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are promising next-generation, eco-friendly, and efficient energy conversion devices. However, their high operating temperatures hinder commercialization, primarily due to the lack of highly durable and active materials for low-temperature operation. Herein, a highly stable and conductive δ-BiO-based ionic conductor is introduced, in which unoccupied oxygen sites are mediated by F ions to enhance structural stability and conductivity.

Immediate PB2-E627K amino acid substitution after single infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in mice.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.

Antiviral effects of heme oxygenase-1 against canine coronavirus and canine influenza virus in vitro.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Emerging evidence shows that HO-1 also exhibits antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Ebola virus. Its antiviral effects are mediated not only by its enzymatic function but also through the modulation of interferon-related pathways, thereby inhibiting viral replication.

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of serotype Enteritidis isolated from poultry sources in Mongolia.

serotype Enteritidis ( Enteritidis) is a leading foodborne pathogen associated with poultry products, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in this serotype poses a growing public health concern, particularly in regions with increasing poultry trade. Between April and June 2024, we collected 114 poultry meat samples (Mongolian domestic and Chinese imported) from retail markets in Mongolia and isolated 45 Enteritidis strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to nalidixic acid (100%), ampicillin (93.

First study to describe the prevalence and epidemiology of African swine fever, classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and swine flu in Kazakhstan.

Background: Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest country in the world, located in Central Asia and bordering China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, hosts a diverse population of domestic pigs across various environments, providing potential hosts for highly pathogenic viral diseases of swine. Here we monitored African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Swine Influenza Virus (SIV).

Results: During the spring and fall of 2019, we sampled 1,459 domestic pigs in northern, central and eastern Kazakhstan.

Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Reverses Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Through Dual Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity.

Deficiencies in immune function increase susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases by impairing immune surveillance and tolerance mechanisms, especially in children with immature immune systems. Chronic inflammation associated with immune dysfunction can impair childhood by suppressing the GH-IGF-1. HT042 is composed of , , and , which are medicinal herbs that are traditionally utilized in East Asia to promote growth and enhance immune function; thus, HT042 itself holds potential as an immunomodulator.

Molecular epidemiology of West Nile Virus in raptors, Connecticut, USA, 2022: A case series with whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, circulates in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with raptors serving as key amplifying hosts. Despite their importance in WNV surveillance, complete genome sequences from raptors remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of WNV in raptors from Connecticut, USA.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to advance psoriasis treatment: Multi-target mechanistic elucidation of medicinal herbs and natural compounds.

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID), presents significant therapeutic challenges, necessitating exploration of alternative treatments like medicinal herbs (MH) and natural compounds (NC). Network pharmacology offers predictive insights, yet a systematic evaluation connecting these predictions with experimental validation outcomes specifically for MH/NC in psoriasis is lacking. This review specifically fills this gap by comprehensively integrating and analyzing studies that combine network pharmacology predictions with subsequent experimental validation.

Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Vascular Dementia.

Vascular dementia (VD), characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral disorders, has seen a rapid increase in prevalence in recent years. However, effective treatments for VD remain unavailable. Due to its regenerative potential, stem cell therapy has garnered attention as a promising approach for VD treatment, yet it has shown limited effects on cognitive and behavioral impairments caused by the disease.