Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Radish Greens.

Radish () greens are mostly discarded but have valuable dietary ingredients that can be used as supplements and functional foods to alleviate metabolic diseases, improve gut health, and offer anticancer properties. Although radish roots have been studied in detail, fewer studies have focused on its leaves. Recent studies have demonstrated that radish greens exhibit elevated concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids in comparison to those observed in radish roots.

Retrospective analysis of aripiprazole augmentation and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor switching in epilepsy patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors-resistant depression.

Depression is a significant comorbidity of epilepsy that affects both quality of life and seizure control. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the recommended first-line treatment for depression in patients with epilepsy; however, the optimal management strategies for SSRI-resistant depression in this population remain unclear. We conducted a 10-year retrospective analysis of epilepsy patients with SSRI-resistant depression who were treated by either switching to a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) or augmenting with aripiprazole.

A New Approach to Perfusion-Weighted Image Analysis: Measurement via Red-Green-Blue Information Inversion.

This study developed and validated a Python-based program for analyzing the region of interest mean values using red-green-blue (RGB)-reconstructed perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) data. The program addressed the limitations of traditional source-image-based analysis, including manufacturer dependency, high storage costs, and limited accessibility. High intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for cerebral blood volume and time to peak confirmed the feasibility of this approach, whereas lower ICC values for mean transit time suggested discrepancies between reconstructed RGB images and conventional dynamic susceptibility contrast-based data.

Anti-inflammatory effects of naringinase treated ethanol extracts of fruit.

In this study, the flavonoids in fruit ethanol extract (PFE) were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their anti-inflammatory effects on Raw 264.7 cells were evaluated. The 40% ethanol extract showed highest concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and flavonoids.

Study on the pharmacokinetics and distribution of exogenous taurine in a brain by C-nanotracing technique based on accelerator mass spectrometry.

When developing new drugs for brain diseases, assessing the distribution of these compounds within the brain is essential for establishing their therapeutic effectiveness. Taurine has recently shown promising effects in improving cognitive deficits, particularly for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The conventional method for measuring drug concentrations liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is often limited when quantifying exogenous taurine specifically in targeted brain regions.

A phase 2a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of NuGel, a novel topical GPCR19-mediated inflammasome inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a proof-of-concept study with biomarker analysis.

Background: Current guidelines to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) overlook disease heterogeneity, limiting personalized care. This study assessed NuGel, a topical GPCR19 agonist, for efficacy, safety, and predictive baseline biomarkers in AD patients.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2a trial (August 2020-September 2021, five hospitals, 80 participants), patients received placebo, 0.

Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to advance psoriasis treatment: Multi-target mechanistic elucidation of medicinal herbs and natural compounds.

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID), presents significant therapeutic challenges, necessitating exploration of alternative treatments like medicinal herbs (MH) and natural compounds (NC). Network pharmacology offers predictive insights, yet a systematic evaluation connecting these predictions with experimental validation outcomes specifically for MH/NC in psoriasis is lacking. This review specifically fills this gap by comprehensively integrating and analyzing studies that combine network pharmacology predictions with subsequent experimental validation.

Association Between Childhood Trauma and Anhedonia-Related Symptoms: The Mediation Role of Trait Anhedonia and Circulating Proteins.

Background: Though accumulating evidence suggests an association between childhood trauma and anhedonia, further analysis is needed to consider specific traumatic dimensions, both traits and state anhedonia, and the role of circulating proteins. Therefore, this study investigated the association between different types of childhood traumas and their influence on anhedonia-related symptoms, and to evaluate the influence of anhedonia traits and plasma proteins as mediators.

Methods: This study included 170 patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and healthy controls aged 19-65 years.

A Streamlined Approach for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Using Selected Tissue Regions.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics enables comprehensive proteome analysis across a wide range of biological samples, including cells, tissues, and body fluids. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections, commonly used for long-term archiving, have emerged as valuable resources for proteomic studies. Beyond their storage benefits, researchers can isolate regions of interest (ROIs) from normal tissue regions through collaborative efforts with pathologists.

Water-accelerated photooxidation and degradation of lignin linkages mediated by plasmonic catalysts.

The selective oxidation and degradation of lignin are crucial for realizing its potential as a biofuel or petroleum substitute. Despite the importance of C-C bond cleavage for lignin valorization, this process is significantly challenging. Herein, we present plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as environmentally friendly and reusable photocatalysts for the chemoselective oxidation of the benzylic hydroxyl groups of lignin and subsequent lignin degradation.

Dendrimer Conjugates with PD-L1-Binding Peptides Enhance In Vivo Antitumor Immune Response.

Peptides are an emerging class of biologics for cancer immunotherapy; however, their clinical translation is hindered by poor binding kinetics, bioavailability, and short plasma half-life compared to their corresponding antibodies. Nanoparticles present potential solutions but face scale-up difficulties due to complexity. Here, a translatable, modular nanoparticle scaffold is presented for peptide-based immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Tau Repeats Disassemble Amyloid-β Fibrils by Interacting with KLVFFA and GGVVIA Domains.

The interplay between amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau protein is acknowledged as a crucial factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the precise molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction remain elusive. In this study, we explore how the key regions within tau, specifically the repeat domains, modulate Aβ aggregation. Through microscale thermophoresis and peptide mapping assays, we identified that tau repeats containing the amyloid motifs VQIINK and VQIVYK directly interact with Aβ(1-42) and Aβ(1-40), targeting the hydrophobic regions of Aβ.

HDAC6 and USP9X Control Glutamine Metabolism by Stabilizing GS to Promote Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and the deadliest brain cancer. Glutamine anabolism mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS) is beneficial for GBM cell growth, especially under glutamine deprivation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying GS homeostasis in GBM remains undisclosed.

Safety of antiplatelet medication discontinuation more than 12 months after stent-assisted coil embolization: a non-interventional, multicenter, observational study.

Background: Antiplatelet maintenance is essential to avoid ischemia following stent-assisted coiling (SAC) procedures. However, indications for antiplatelet medication discontinuation (AMD) remain controversial, and optimal timing of cessation has yet to be determined. Our goal, which we achieved through a multicenter, prospectively enrolled, non-interventional study, was to investigate the safety of AMD conducted more than 12 months after SAC.

Correction: Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of Papaveraceae to identify rearrangements within the Corydalis chloroplast genome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Combination of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau Plasma Levels to Distinguish Amyloid-PET Positive Alzheimer Patients from Normal Controls.

Alzheimer disease (AD) diagnosis is confirmed using a medley of modalities, such as the detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles with positron electron tomography (PET) or the appraisal of irregularities in cognitive function with examinations. Although these methods have been efficient in confirming AD pathology, the rising demand for earlier intervention during pathogenesis has led researchers to explore the diagnostic potential of fluid biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Since CSF sample collection is invasive and limited in quantity, biomarker detection in plasma has become more attractive and modern advancements in technology has permitted more efficient and accurate analysis of plasma biomolecules.

The prevalence of frailty according to kidney function and its association with cognitive impairment, nutritional status, and clinical outcome.

Background: Frailty is a state of vulnerability to poor homeostatic resolution of after a stressful event. The prevalence of frailty in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is more common than in the general population. Frailty is associated with a poor clinical prognosis, malnutrition, and cognitive impairment; however, studies on these factors in patients with CKD are lacking.

Long-term outcome and predictors of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: Real-world evidence from the Korean national hospital consortium.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) using real-world data.

Method: We included 189 DRE patients who underwent VNS implantation between 2005 and 2018 at nine national hospitals in Korea. Seizure-frequency data obtained quarterly one year before and after surgery and annually up to four years after surgery were collected from medical records.

Charge Modification of Lysine Mitigates Amyloid-β Aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate into toxic structures such as oligomers, fibrils, and plaques. The presence of these Aβ aggregates in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Understanding how physiological factors affect Aβ aggregation is essential, and therefore, exploring their influence in vitro will likely provide insights into their role in AD pathology.

The Role of Diet, Additives, and Antibiotics in Metabolic Endotoxemia and Chronic Diseases.

: Dietary patterns, including high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets (HFDs and HCDs), as well as non-dietary factors such as food additives and antibiotics, are strongly linked to metabolic endotoxemia, a critical driver of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review explores the mechanisms through which these factors impair intestinal permeability, disrupt gut microbial balance, and facilitate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the bloodstream, contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. : The analysis integrates findings from recent studies on the effects of dietary components and gut microbiota interactions on intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammation.

Seizure recurrence proportion under antiseizure medication in people living with epilepsy and prolonged seizure remission: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: People living with epilepsy (PLWE) may wish to discontinue antiseizure medications (ASMs) after long-term remission. However, fear of relapse may lead to continued ASM use. Previous studies have focused on seizure relapse in PLWE who discontinued ASMs after long-term seizure remission (PLWE off ASM), with limited data on those who continued ASMs (PLWE on ASM).

Identifying Herbal Candidates and Active Ingredients Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Biased Random Walk on a Multiscale Network.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major global health concern, particularly affecting aging women, and necessitates innovative treatment options. Herbal medicine, with its multi-compound, multi-target characteristics, offers a promising approach for complex diseases. In this study, we applied multiscale network and random walk-based analyses to identify candidate herbs and their active ingredients for postmenopausal osteoporosis, focusing on their underlying mechanisms.

Determinants of Generative AI System Adoption and Usage Behavior in Korean Companies: Applying the UTAUT Model.

This study addresses the academic gap in the adoption of generative AI systems by investigating the factors influencing technology acceptance and usage behavior in Korean firms. Although recent advancements in AI are accelerating digital transformation and innovation, empirical research on the adoption of these systems remains scarce. To fill this gap, this study applies the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, surveying 300 employees from both large and small enterprises in South Korea.