Drosophila Pyruvate Kinase Links Metabolic State with Circadian Output via TARANIS and PDF.

The circadian clock generates ~24-hour rhythms that anticipate daily environmental changes. Circadian clock and glucose metabolism are tightly interconnected, and both are disrupted in aging and disease. To examine how glucose hypometabolism impacts circadian rhythm, we downregulated glycolytic enzymes - - (-), (), and () - in clock cells.

Targeted delivery of anti-microRNA-21 oligonucleotides using chlorotoxin-engineered extracellular vesicles for treatment of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is a devastating disease with a high mortality rate. Gene therapy with anti-microRNA inhibitors has been suggested as a new modality for treatment of glioblastoma. In this study, glioblastoma-targeted extracellular vesicles (EVs) were produced with specific ligands and evaluated as a carrier of anti-microRNA-21 oligonucleotides (AMO21).

Cognitive Benefits of Ginseng: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Changes in MMSE and ADAS-cog Scores.

Background: Despite the potential cognitive benefits of ginseng, evidence of its effects on cognitive function remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between ginseng and cognitive function through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials (RCT).

Methods: We searched six databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and ScienceON, for RCTs investigating the effects of ginseng on cognitive function up to April 26, 2024.

Inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein by flavonols: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico implications of the interactions.

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, plays a key role in the efflux of various drugs and is linked to multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. Flavonoids, particularly those with a flavonol backbone, have shown promise as inhibitors of BCRP activity; however, their specific inhibitory effects are not fully understood. This study explored the inhibitory effects of 77 flavonols on BCRP and identified 22 compounds with significant inhibitory activity.

Emerging gene delivery nanosystems for the treatment of acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory phenomenon characterized by hypoxia and edema. When the lungs are damaged, inflammation begins due to pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages in the alveoli. In addition, neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, inducing additional inflammation.

Comparative study on eating habits and health of single-person and multi-person households.

This study investigates the differences in health, dietary habits, and quality of life between single-person and multi-person households, with a specific focus on demographic subgroups such as gender and age. Data were drawn from the 2013-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, encompassing 40,839 participants aged 19 and older, and were analyzed using multivariate regression models. The results revealed significant disparities between the two types of households.

Spatial transcriptome analysis of myenteric plexus and intestinal epithelium of colon in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Alpha-synuclein (AS) accumulation is found in the nerve plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with Parknison's disease (PD). Moreover, alterations in microbiome composition and its metabolites were confirmed in the colon of patients with PD. However, there has been no study that evaluates transcriptomic alterations of the nerve plexus and intestinal epithelium simultaneously using in vivo tissue of patients with PD.

Discovering molecular signatures in kidney transplant biopsies with borderline changes and isolated V-lesions: single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of human blood and tissue Spatial transcriptomics.

Acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) is one of the most important causes of kidney graft injury and loss; however, in-depth transcriptomic analyses of relevant tissues and circulating immune cells are limited. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spatial transcriptomics using kidney allograft biopsy samples. The scRNA-seq study included four patients with borderline rejection or biopsy-proven TCMR and two with no evidence of TCMR.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling for glomerular and tubulointerstitial gene expression in C3 glomerulopathy.

Background: Complement 3 (C3) glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare but clinically significant glomerulopathy. However, little is known about its transcriptomic profile. We investigated the substructure-specific gene expression profile of C3G using the recently introduced spatial transcriptomics technology.

AZD 9668, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, promotes wound healing in the irradiated skin by inhibiting NET-derived vascular dysfunction.

Despite the increasing awareness of the health risks associated with radiation exposure such as radiotherapy and accidents, effective treatments remain limited except for bone marrow damage. Radiation-induced skin damage is a critical concern as it is often accompanied by severe inflammation and delayed wound healing. Endothelial cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic target for addressing such radiation-induced damage.

Bixin alleviates radiation-induced intestinal damage inflammation regulation and barrier recovery.

Purpose: Radiotherapy for cancer treatment or unintentional exposure to ionizing radiation causes severe damage to the unaffected tissues of the digestive system, including gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Radiation exposure leads to an inflammatory response, and uncontrolled inflammation exacerbates radiation-induced tissue injury. Bixin is a liposoluble apocarotenoid isolated from seeds, which effectively attenuates several inflammatory diseases.

Engineered extracellular vesicle with RAGE-antagonist peptide for delivery of anti-miRNA155 oligonucleotides to inflammatory lung cells.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory lung disease. In lungs afflicted with ALI, microRNA-155 (miR-155) is over-expressed, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibition of suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1). In addition, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGEs) are activated, facilitating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Current status of xenotransplantation from an immunobiological standpoint.

Xenotransplantation, which involves the transplantation of organs, tissues, or cells from animals into humans, is emerging as a promising solution to mitigate the global shortage of human donor organs. Nonetheless, its clinical application is constrained by significant immunological and physiological barriers-most notably, the rapid rejection of xenografts by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review discusses critical immunological challenges such as natural antibodies, complement activation, coagulation dysregulation, and cellular immune responses mediated by T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells.

Identification of conserved gene expression changes across common glomerular diseases by spatial transcriptomics.

Background: Glomerular diseases encompass a group of kidney diseases that may share common gene expression pathways. Here, we analyzed glomerular-specific gene expression profiles across various glomerular diseases.

Methods: We performed spatial transcriptomic profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy specimens of controls and patients with five types of glomerular diseases using the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler.

Dietary patterns and all-cause and cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in Korean adults.

Background: Examining dietary patterns in relation to mortality offers a more comprehensive view of food and nutrient intake. However, to our knowledge, the association of the Korean population's dietary patterns with mortality remains scarce and unclear. We aim to investigate the association between dietary patterns and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the Korean population.

Effectiveness of Protein-enriched oral nutritional supplements on muscle function in middle-aged and elderly women: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of protein-enriched oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) consumption for 12 weeks on muscle mass, muscular strength, and function in middle-aged and elderly women.

Design: A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted with 70 healthy female participants aged 50-80.

Intervention And Measurements: Participants were instructed to incorporate two daily packs of either the test ONS (Nucare Active, Daesang Wellife Corp.

Exosome-membrane and polymer-based hybrid-complex for systemic delivery of plasmid DNA into brains for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene therapy is a promising strategy for glioblastoma therapy. However, delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding HSVtk into the brain by systemic administration is a challenge since pDNA can hardly penetrate the blood-brain barrier. In this study, an exosome-membrane (EM) and polymer-based hybrid complex was developed for systemic delivery of pDNA into the brain.

Drosophila ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 stabilizes the PERIOD protein by regulating a ubiquitin ligase SLIMB.

The circadian clock orchestrates behavior and physiology through the oscillation of key clock proteins like PERIOD (PER). Here, we investigate the role of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) in modulating PER stability and circadian rhythms in Drosophila. We find that overexpression of USP14 in clock cells reduces PER protein levels without altering its mRNA levels whereas USP14 knockdown increases PER protein levels, suggesting that USP14 regulates PER post-translationally.

GULP1 as a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high recurrence and mortality, necessitating the identification of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictive gene signatures for HCC recurrence and evaluate the efficiency of GULP PTB domain-containing engulfment adaptor 1 (GULP1) as a predictive and diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.

Methods: We analyzed genomic datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and 10-fold cross-validation, leading to the development of a 15-gene risk score model, which was validated using three independent datasets.

Spatially controlled multicellular differentiation of stem cells using triple factor-releasing metal-organic framework-coated nanoline arrays.

Improved in vitro models are needed for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Here, we report on functionally aligned nanoparticle-trapped nanopattern arrays for spatially controlled, precise mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on a single substrate. The arrays comprise nanohole and nanoline arrays fabricated through interference lithography and selectively capture of UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks on nanoline arrays with a 99.

Deployable electronics with enhanced fatigue resistance for crumpling and tension.

Highly packable and deployable electronics offer a variety of advantages in electronics and robotics by facilitating spatial efficiency. These electronics must endure extreme folding during packaging and tension to maintain a rigid structure in the deployment state. Here, we present foldable and robustly deployable electronics inspired by Plantago, characterized by their tolerance to folding and tension due to integration of tough veins within thin leaf.

Cd99l2 regulates excitatory synapse development and restrains immediate-early gene activation.

Cd99 molecule-like 2 (Cd99l2) is a type I transmembrane protein that plays a role in the transmigration of leukocytes across vascular endothelial cells. Despite its high expression in the brain, the role of Cd99l2 remains elusive. We find that Cd99l2 is expressed primarily in neurons and positively regulates neurite outgrowth and the development of excitatory synapses.

Chromosome-level Haploid Assembly of Cannabis sativa L. cv. Pink Pepper.

As molecular research on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) continues to advance, there is a growing need for the accumulation of more diverse genome data and more accurate genome assemblies. In this study, we report the three-way assembly data of a cannabidiol (CBD)-rich cannabis variety, 'Pink Pepper' cultivar using sequencing technology: PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) technology, Illumina sequencing technology, and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT).