Global prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency among children and adolescents, 1932-2022.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency (CVD), categorized by geographical region, ethnicity, type (deutan, protan, and tritan), and severity (anomalous trichromacy, dichromacy, and monochromacy).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Participants: A total of 1,703,619 participants, including 31,493 patients from 56 studies across 21 countries and five continents, were included in our analysis.

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Senior-Loken Syndrome Patients in Korea.

: Senior-Loken syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive renal-retinal disease caused by mutations in 10 genes. This study aimed to review the ophthalmic findings, renal function, and genotypes of Korean SLS cases. : We retrospectively reviewed 17 genetically confirmed SLS patients in Korea, including 9 newly identified cases and 8 previously reported.

Treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: new options for an old disease.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common ocular disease that causes vision loss, particularly in people of working age. Although it was first described over a century ago, research has expanded in recent years, transforming the understanding and management of this complex condition. Here, we propose clinical recommendations for the treatment and management of CSC, based on evidence from the published literature and the consensus of an international group of retinal experts.

Geographic atrophy in Korean patients with dry age-related macular degeneration: incidence, phenotypes, and progression.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of geographic atrophy (GA) in Korean patients, including incidence, phenotypes, progression patterns, and factors associated with progression rates.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: Korean patients with intermediate and advanced (prevalent GA) dry AMD, followed for ≥3 years.

Recent advances in pharmacological treatments of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose Of Review: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a severe complication of retinal detachment and trauma, posing significant challenges to surgical success and visual prognosis. Despite advancements in vitreoretinal surgery, PVR incidence remains unchanged, this review presents a synthesis of the principal clinical and preclinical research findings from recent years.

Recent Findings: Recent research has focused on anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antifibrotic agents.

Factors Affecting Intensive Aflibercept Treatment Response in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Real-World Study.

Objective: To investigate the systemic and ocular factors that affect the response to intensive aflibercept treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME) in a real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 30 eyes of 23 patients with DME who underwent intensive intravitreal aflibercept injections (five monthly loading doses). Treatment response was assessed by central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at each monthly visit.

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diabetic choroidopathy using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography.

To investigate angiographic characteristic features of diabetic choroidopathy, as well as choroidal vascular density (CVD) and fractal dimension (CFD) in diabetic eyes and controls using ultra-widefield (UWF) indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). All patients underwent UWF fluorescein angiography and ICGA. Using imageJ software, CVD and CFD was analyzed.

Predictive factors for microvascular recovery after treatments for diabetic retinopathy.

Background: To identify factors associated with microvascular recovery after intravitreal bevacizumab or panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 320 eyes/patients with DR treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and/or PRP. Two consecutive fluorescein angiographies (FAs) of each eye were compared.

Synthesizing realistic high-resolution retina image by style-based generative adversarial network and its utilization.

Realistic image synthesis based on deep learning is an invaluable technique for developing high-performance computer aided diagnosis systems while protecting patient privacy. However, training a generative adversarial network (GAN) for image synthesis remains challenging because of the large amounts of data required for training various kinds of image features. This study aims to synthesize retinal images indistinguishable from real images and evaluate the efficacy of the synthesized images having a specific disease for augmenting class imbalanced datasets.

MACULAR MICROVASCULATURE IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS: Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the macular microvasculature of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and identify correlations between vascular changes, structural changes, and functional outcome.

Methods: Genetically confirmed XLRS patients and heathy control subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, dilated funduscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Schisis distribution, outer plexiform layer discontinuation, photoreceptor layer thickness, and photoreceptor outer segment length were reviewed using optical coherence tomography.

Prognostic value of myopic disk deformation in myopic choroidal neovascularization: A 6-year follow-up study.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) according to peripapillary atrophy (PPA) and optic disk tilt and to explore whether those myopic disk deformations are associated with the prognosis of mCNV.

Methods: Patients with subfoveal mCNV who received intravitreal bevacizumab injection and followed for ≥3 years were included. PPA was quantified as area of the ß-zone PPA/disk area ratio (PDR) and optic disk tilt as the tilt ratio (the longest/shortest disk diameter).

Vitrectomy and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Elderly Patients With Vitreoretinal Diseases: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: To determine the all-cause and cause-specific mortality in elderly patients with vitreoretinal diseases based on vitrectomy status.

Methods: Elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) diagnosed with vitreoretinal diseases between 2003 and 2012 using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort (2002-2015) were included in this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. The exposure of interest was vitrectomy, and information on mortality from patient inclusion until December 2015 was obtained.

Association of Epiretinal Membrane With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma and Long-term Factors Affecting Visual Function.

Prcis: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) tended to deteriorate more in pseudoexfoliation eyes with than without glaucoma. Incremental change in central macular thickness (CMT) induced by ERM deterioration affected longitudinal visual function in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) eyes.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate longitudinal changes in the ERM and their association with glaucoma in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) and to identify factors associated with the changes in ERM and visual field (VF).

Associations Between the Macular Microvasculatures and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Objective: To investigate the associations between the macular microvasculature assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We included patients with type 2 diabetes who received comprehensive medical and ophthalmic evaluations, such as carotid ultrasonography and OCTA at a hospital-based diabetic clinic in a consecutive manner. Among them, 254 eyes with neither diabetic macular edema (DME) nor history of ophthalmic treatment from 254 patients were included.

Genetic Profile and Associated Characteristics of 150 Korean Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) shows great diversity between genotypes and phenotypes, and it is important to identify the causative genes. This study aimed to analyze the molecular profiles, associated ocular characteristics, and progression of RP in Korean patients.

Methods: All the genetic variants in patients with RP, identified using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a panel of 88 RP-related genes between November 2018 and November 2019, were retrospectively reviewed.

Bilateral Multiple Retinal Detachments Associated with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

Purpose: We report a case of intraocular involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Methods: A 48-year-old woman presented with blurred vision in both eyes, fever, and hearing disturbance and underwent a complete ophthalmologic and systemic evaluation.

Results: Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral exudative retinal detachment and signs of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among elderly patients with glaucoma: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

This population-based, retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between glaucoma surgery and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Korean elderly patients with glaucoma. A total of 16210 elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) diagnosed with glaucoma between 2003 and 2012 were included, and their insurance data were analyzed. The participants were categorized into a glaucoma surgery cohort (n = 487), which included individuals who had diagnostic codes for open angle glaucoma (OAG) or angle closure glaucoma (ACG) and codes for glaucoma surgery, and a glaucoma diagnosis cohort (n = 15,723), which included patients who had codes for OAG and ACG but not for glaucoma surgery.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE, EPIRETINAL PROLIFERATION, AND PROGNOSIS OF FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE.

Purpose: To demonstrate the effects of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and epiretinal proliferation on surgical outcomes for full-thickness macular hole.

Methods: Nested case-control study with propensity score matching. Patients operated on for full-thickness macular hole between January 2011 and March 2020 were enrolled.

Clinical Characteristics Associated with the Development of Cystoid Macular Edema in Patients with Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.

We evaluated the incidence and characteristics of eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis according to the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) and identified the risk factors of its occurrence. Patients diagnosed with CMV retinitis and examined using optical coherence tomography were classified according to the development of CME. The CME group was further divided according to the presence of active retinitis at the time of CME development.

Diverse Genetic Landscape of Suspected Retinitis Pigmentosa in a Large Korean Cohort.

We conducted targeted next-generation sequencing (TGS) and/or whole exome sequencing (WES) to assess the genetic profiles of clinically suspected retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in the Korean population. A cohort of 279 unrelated Korean patients with clinically diagnosed RP and available family members underwent molecular analyses using TGS consisting of 88 RP-causing genes and/or WES with clinical variant interpretation. The combined genetic tests (TGS and/or WES) found a mutation in the 44 RP-causing genes and seven inherited retinal disease (IRD)-causing genes, and the total mutation detection rate was 57%.

Comparison of the Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Epiretinal Membrane in Pseudoexfoliation and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and clinical characteristics of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 211 PXG eyes, 210 age-matched normal eyes, and 220 POAG eyes were included. The presence and staging of ERM (stage 1, 2, and 3 or greater) were independently assessed by 2 observers.

Applying Learning Analytics to Detect Sequences of Actions and Common Errors in a Geometry Game.

Games have become one of the most popular activities across cultures and ages. There is ample evidence that supports the benefits of using games for learning and assessment. However, incorporating game activities as part of the curriculum in schools remains limited.