Associations between masseter and temporal muscle measurements and sarcopenia and nutritional status in older adults.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temporal muscle thickness (TMT) as well as temporal (TMA) and masseter muscle (MMA) area with nutritional status and sarcopenia in older individuals.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 275 participants were evaluated to establish comprehensive geriatric assessment guidelines.

Does escaping a war zone feel worse than being there? War and coping by Ukrainian civilians in Ukraine and Poland.

Objective: While the factors facilitating and compromising stress coping by civilians in an active war zone and those who have fled it are critical to the experiences of trauma, they are underexplored, which the current article aims to address.

Method: Between March 23 and May 15, 2023, 122 Ukraine-based and 132 Poland-based Ukrainian participants completed a survey measuring different aspects of trauma, social beliefs, and coping.

Results: Compared to the war zone civilians, the Poland-based refugees scored significantly higher in terms of and While no differences between them were found in terms of other factors, regression and structural equation model analyses suggest that the general well-being was compromised in both samples by lower higher , lower and higher did not play a role.

Quantifying the impact of immortal time bias: empirical evidence from meta-analyses.

ObjectivesImmortal time bias (ITB) occurs when a period during which, by design, participants cannot experience the outcome (like death) is incorrectly included in the treatment group's follow-up, artificially making the treatment look better than it truly is. We aimed to identify a systematic sample of cases of ITB in the literature of studies using survival analysis and assess the impact of ITB on the results.DesignMeta-epidemiological study (PROSPERO[CRD42022356073]).

Global Prevalence of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorder among Children and Adolescents According to the Rome III and IV Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/aims: Despite the global burden of functional abdominal pain disorder (FAPD) and its four subtypes (irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], functional dyspepsia [FD], abdominal migraine [AM], and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified [FAP-NOS]), studies involving an estimation of FAPD prevalence based on the Rome III or IV criteria are limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of FAPD and its four subtypes.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library.

Bowel Preparation Quality in Patients Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are now the mainstay treatment for many chronic conditions including diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. GLP-1 RAs may affect bowel preparation for a colonoscopy by modifying intestinal motility and gastric emptying. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of GLP-1 RA use on bowel preparation quality, measured by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), and the frequency of inadequate preparation events.

National trends in hypertension stratified by central adiposity using waist-to-height ratio in South Korea, 2005 to 2022.

Despite the growing prevalence of hypertension due to lifestyle changes and aging populations, with central obesity as a critical risk factor, there is limited research examining the association between central adiposity and hypertension trends. To address this gap, this study analyzed trends in hypertension prevalence among Korean adults categorized by healthy and increased central adiposity based on waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and investigated the associated risk factors. We utilized data from 98,396 adults aged 30 years and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2022 in South Korea.

Effects of photobiomodulation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapy increasingly used for pain, inflammation, and tissue repair, yet a comprehensive synthesis of its effectiveness across multiple health outcomes remains lacking. Herein, we aimed to systematically assess the clinical effects and strength of evidence for PBM across a wide range of health outcomes using data from existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of RCTs, searching five databases up to December 8, 2023.

Top 10 drugs most frequently associated with adverse events of myocarditis and pericarditis.

Myocarditis and pericarditis are managed with various treatments, yet prior studies and case reports indicate that certain drug classes may elevate the risk for these inflammatory cardiac conditions. This research aimed to systematically identify the leading drugs most frequently associated with myocarditis and pericarditis cases. Analyses were carried out using the global database of individual case safety reports from 1968 to 2024.

Global prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency among children and adolescents, 1932-2022.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency (CVD), categorized by geographical region, ethnicity, type (deutan, protan, and tritan), and severity (anomalous trichromacy, dichromacy, and monochromacy).

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Participants: A total of 1,703,619 participants, including 31,493 patients from 56 studies across 21 countries and five continents, were included in our analysis.

Prevalence of Chronic Back Pain and Associated Factors in Children and Adolescents: Secondary Analysis of the 2001-2019 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Study.

Background: Backache, which is considered a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, is seldom studied in children and adolescents despite it being associated with multiple detrimental health outcomes in this age group.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence, time trends, and correlates of chronic backache among children and adolescents.

Methods: Data were extracted from the cross-sectional Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study, which collected data from 2001 to 2019.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pharyngeal Cancer and Projections to 2050 in 185 Countries: A Population-Based Systematic Analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022.

Background: Pharyngeal cancer has resulted in 3.23 million disability-adjusted life years as of 2019. Based on anatomical site, pharyngeal cancers are categorized into oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs), nasopharyngeal cancers (NPCs), and hypopharyngeal cancers (HPCs).

Global cancer mortality among children, adolescents, and young adults from 77 countries, 1990-2021: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: The patterns of cancer burden in children, adolescents and young adults are distinct from those in the general adult population, underscoring the importance of developing targeted research and interventions. Thus, we analyzed global, regional, and national cancer mortality trends via the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database among children aged 0-14 years and adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 across 77 WHO Member States.

Methods: Age-standardized country-specific cancer mortality rates (deaths per 100,000) and years of life lost between 1990 and 2021 were estimated via a locally weighted scatterplot smooth curve.

Associations between body mass index categories and geriatric assessment tests among older adults with chronic kidney disease: A prospective study.

Background: The optimal body mass index (BMI) among older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in geriatric assessment tests has not been studied. This study investigates the relationship between BMI and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) parameters among older adults with CKD.

Methods: A total of 319 older adults with CKD were included.

Coopting the Rainbow: Analyzing Malicious Survey Responses.

In late 2022, a collaborative research study was designed by a group of polytechnic researchers that aimed to explore how safe and inclusive the various campuses of New Zealand's polytechnic sector were for rainbow students. Two online surveys were distributed to students and staff in 14 of the nation's 16 polytechnics. One of the surveys was designed to be completed by rainbow students and the other, by cisgender (cis) heterosexual students and all staff.

Communicating the risk of dementia: a scoping review.

Background: Dementia is a syndrome characterised by progressive cognitive and functional decline arising from a neurodegenerative disease. Genetic testing, imaging and fluid biomarkers mean that levels of risk of dementia diagnosis are becoming frequent and complex. How risk is communicated in this context is an increasingly important topic.

Physical multimorbidity and dynapenic abdominal obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries.

Background: As far as we are aware, to date, there are no studies on the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) and physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions).

Delays in the Stroke Care Pathway in a Low-Income Setting: An Audit Study from Mozambique.

The burden of stroke is on the rise in low-income countries (LICs). Organized stroke care (OSC) is crucial for improving outcomes in LICs and is the very first step to reducing delays in diagnosis and treatment. We aim to evaluate delay times (DT) in accessing OSC at the national reference hospital of Mozambique, a LIC from southern Africa.

Screen-Based Behaviors as Moderators of the Link Between Physical Activity and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Increased engagement in screen-based behaviors may contribute to decreased physical activity (PA) participation and is associated with mental health among adolescents. Yet, there remain knowledge gaps in how types and duration of screen-based behaviors may moderate the associations between PA, psychological distress, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms. This population-based study aimed to examine this relationship.

Global burden of brain and central nervous system cancer in 185 countries, and projections up to 2050: a population-based systematic analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022.

Background: Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Here, we aimed to systematically evaluate and compare brain and CNS cancer between pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: This study utilized the GLOBOCAN 2022 database to analyze incidence and mortality estimates for brain and CNS cancers across 185 countries and territories in 2022.

Association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults.

Objectives: Dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) may potentially increase risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but data is scarce, and community-based studies are lacking. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between DAO and MCI in a large nationally representative community-based sample from six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa).

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.

Is greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet related to higher health-related quality of life among children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked to better physical and mental health outcomes. However, its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents has not been quantitatively assessed. To examine the association between adherence to the MedDiet and HRQoL in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Hyper-IgE syndrome: A rare case report.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare and sporadic primary immunodeficiency usually characterized by atopic dermatitis, recurrent skin staphylococcal infections, recurrent pulmonary infections, and elevated IgE levels. Due to the rarity of the syndrome and its nonspecific and wide presentation, the diagnosis is difficult and arises with other diagnoses including other types of primitive chronic granulomatous disease or acquired immunodeficiency, severe atopic dermatitis, or cystic fibrosis or chronic respiratory infection as tuberculosis. To date, there is no gold standard management and treatments aim to relieve symptoms and avoid complications.