Combining site-specific gut microbiome and mycobiome profiling with clinical indicators for effective management of pediatric Crohn's disease.

Pediatric-onset Crohn's disease (pCD) is characterized by frequent relapses and long-term impacts on growth, requiring targeted strategies for disease monitoring and treatment. To characterize gut microbiome and mycobiome changes in pCD, we profiled bacterial and fungal communities across multiple gastrointestinal (stool, colon, and terminal ileum) in 30 pre- and post-treatment patients and 36 healthy controls. Microbial shifts in mucosal biopsies lagged behind those in stool, indicating site-specific responsiveness to treatment.

Country-level prevalence of and factors associated with smoking cessation among adolescents across 91 countries.

Background: There is a paucity of research on patterns of attempts at smoking cessation, success, and influencing factors in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts in adolescents worldwide and to identify the factors that affect cessation attempts along with outcomes.

Methods: This study utilized the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2010-2021) to investigate tobacco use among adolescents aged 13-15 years.

Global Burden of Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis Associated With 33 Classes of Antibiotics (1968-2024): A Pharmacovigilance Analysis.

Background: Despite antibiotic-induced anaphylaxis being a severe allergic reaction requiring immediate care, large-scale studies examining all antibiotic subtypes remain limited. This study addresses this gap by analysing 33 antibiotic classes, along with epidemiological and regional variations.

Methods: This study utilised the world's largest pharmacovigilance database, with over 35 million individual case safety reports from 140 countries.

Deciphering dynamic antibiotics-microbiome-metabolome interactions in preterm infants using systems biology.

Preterm infants are frequently administered antibiotics to prevent infections, yet their impact on the developing gut microbiota and metabolome remains complex and clinically significant. To systematically assess these effects, we analyzed longitudinal stool samples from 54 extremely- and very-low-birthweight infants by integrating clinical data, 16S rRNA-based microbiome profiling, targeted metabolomics, and community-scale metabolic modeling. Antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial diversity, depleted beneficial taxa, and altered metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids.

Genome-scale metabolic model-guided systematic framework for designing customized live biotherapeutic products.

For the successful development of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), which are promising microbiome-based therapeutics, it is required to rigorously evaluate their quality, safety, and efficacy. To this end, we present a model-guided framework where genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be exploited for characterizing LBP candidate strains and their metabolic interactions with adjacent microbiome and host cells at a systems level. In this perspective, we outline a GEM-based strategy for screening, assessment, and design of personalized multi-strain LBPs.

Trends in Diet Quality by the Diagnosis of Chronic Diseases in Korea, 2013-2021: A Nationwide Representative Study.

Background: In the context of increased health risks for individuals with underlying conditions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study investigated whether dietary improvements differ based on the diagnosis of chronic diseases.

Methods: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2021, including 45,391 individuals aged 19 years and older. Diet quality was assessed by the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores.

Burden of Cardiovascular Outcomes After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in South Korea and Japan: A Binational Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Despite the significant global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, limited studies have investigated the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly among Asian populations. This large-scale, population-based binational cohort study with long-term follow-up aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods: We used binational, large-scale, and population-based cohorts, including a Korean nationwide cohort (K-CONV-N [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service cohort]; discovery cohort; n=18 989 129) and a Japanese nationwide cohort (Japan Medical Data Center; validation cohort; n=12 218 680).

Corrigendum: The effect of 12-week combined balance and plyometric training on dynamic balance and lower extremity injury risk in college dancers.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.

Systematic identification of genomic hotspots for high-yield protein production in CHO cells.

The efficient and stable production of therapeutic proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells hinges on robust cell line development (CLD). Traditional methods relying on random transgene integration often result in clonal variability, requiring extensive and resource-intensive screening. To address this limitation, we established a systematic, multiomics-driven framework that integrates 202 RNA-sequencing datasets and whole-genome sequencing data to identify genomic "hotspot" loci for precise and high-yield transgene integration.

Comparative Analysis of Codon Optimization Tools: Advancing toward a Multi-Criteria Framework for Synthetic Gene Design.

Codon optimization is an essential technique in synthetic biology and biopharmaceutical production, enhancing recombinant protein expression by fine-tuning genetic sequences to match the translational machinery and codon usage preferences of specific host organisms. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of widely used codon optimization tools, focusing on their capacity to reflect host-specific codon biases, design principles, and parameters. Industrially relevant target proteins were evaluated in , , and CHO cells, uncovering significant variability in sequence design and clustering patterns across tools.

Adverse drug reaction patterns of GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for obesity treatment: Disproportionality analysis from global pharmacovigilance database.

Aims: This study aims to compare adverse drug reaction patterns of liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide-glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) approved for anti-obesity medications-to evaluate their real-world safety.

Materials And Methods: This disproportionality analysis utilized a case-control design with VigiBase. The study focused on reports of adverse events associated with liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide, selected based on warnings in the US Food and Drug Administration approval labels for each drug.

Preventive Effect of Metformin in Radiation-Induced Xerostomia.

Radiation induced structural damage of salivary gland including reducing acinar cell and fibrosis. These changes result in hypofunction of salivary gland which has a significant impact on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients who treated with radiotherapy. Nevertheless, no preventive method has been found.

Trends in adolescent violence victimization pre-, intra-, and post-COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, 2012-2023: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: Adolescent violence victimization is a major public health concern, but research has been limited by short durations and small samples, restricting long-term understanding. This study examined its trends and vulnerabilities in South Korea, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data were collected from 740,687 nationally representative samples (7-12th grade adolescents) through the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2012 to 2023.

Unraveling the three-dimensional genome structure using machine learning.

The study of chromatin interactions has advanced considerably with technologies such as high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing, providing a genome-wide view of physical interactions within the nucleus. These techniques have revealed the existence of hierarchical chromatin structures such as compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and chromatin loops, which are crucial in genome organization and regulation. However, identifying and analyzing these structural features require advanced computational methods.

The effect of 12-week combined balance and plyometric training on dynamic balance and lower extremity injury risk in college dancers.

Background: Dancers face significant physical demands and are at high risk for lower extremity injuries due to the complexity and intensity of their movements, which require strong dynamic balance. Improving dynamic balance through training can potentially enhance performance and reduce injury risk.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week combined balance and plyometric training program (BP) compared to plyometric training alone (PL) on dynamic balance and lower extremity injury risk among college dancers.

Association Between Social Engagement Frequency and the Risk of Depression in South Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom: Multinational Evidence From Longitudinal Studies of Aging.

Background: Although a greater social engagement is often associated with a reduced risk of depression, longitudinal studies that account for diverse social structures and cultural contexts among middle-aged or older are limited.

Methods: This study utilized cohort data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 11,174; 2006-2020) in South Korea (KR), the Health and Retirement Study (n = 42,405; 2004-2019) in the United States, and the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 28,624; 2002-2019) in the United Kingdom, including a total of 29,378 individuals from the population aged ≥45 years. Social engagement frequency was categorized into infrequent, intermediate, and frequent, with changes classified as unchanged, increased, or decreased.

A robust scale-down model development and process characterization for monoclonal antibody biomanufacturing using multivariate data analysis.

Quality by Design (QbD) principles are extensively applied in biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes to ensure the consistent production of high-quality biotherapeutic products through achieving a deeper understanding of critical process parameters (CPPs), critical quality attributes (CQAs), and their interrelationships as well as establishing appropriate process control strategies. To do so, herein, we involve utilizing advanced multivariate data analysis (MVDA) in the context of scale-down model (SDM) development and validation as an ingenious approach for enhancing process efficiency and achieving greater regulatory compliance in the biomanufacturing of biologics. First, MVDA was applied to develop and evaluate several SDMs under various production conditions, including changes in scale-dependent parameters.

National Trends in Asthma Prevalence among Adolescents in South Korea, 2007-2023: A National Representative Serial Study.

Introduction: Although previous studies have analyzed trends in asthma prevalence among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, research specifically investigating asthma prevalence after the pandemic is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the long-term trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of asthma among Korean adolescents.

Methods: Data were collected from a nationwide representative study (Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey), conducted among adolescents aged 12-18 years from 2007 to 2023.

Factors Related to Self-Rated Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background/objectives: This study explored factors influencing self-rated health (SRH) among community-dwelling older adults to better support its use in health screening and provide an alternative for older adults who may have difficulty working with lengthy assessment scales.

Methods: The participants were 8379 individuals aged 65 years or older from the 2020 Elderly Survey. Data were collected in South Korea between September and November 2020.

Prediction model for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with mortality using machine learning in three independent cohorts from South Korea, Japan, and the UK: a model development and validation study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant global public health concern that has steadily increased over the past few decades. Thus, this study aimed to predict the incidence of T2DM within 5 years and the risk of mortality following the onset of T2DM. Data from three independent cohorts worldwide were used.

Characterization and design of dipeptide media formulation for scalable therapeutic production.

Process intensification and simplification in biopharmaceutical manufacturing have driven the exploration of advanced feeding strategies to improve culture performance and process consistency. Conventional media design strategies, however, are often constrained by the stability and solubility challenges of amino acids, particularly in large-scale applications. As a result, dipeptides have emerged as promising alternatives.

External validation of an artificial intelligence model using clinical variables, including ICD-10 codes, for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly applied in healthcare to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. We previously developed an AI model using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) codes with other clinical variables to predict in-hospital mortality among trauma patients from a nationwide database. This study aimed to externally validate the performance of the AI model.

Differences in the Physical Properties of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Containing Root Vegetables.

We investigated the textural characteristics of plant-based meat alternatives based on root vegetables, including , , , and . The samples with root vegetables had significantly higher moisture contents than those without because of the water retention capacity of dietary fiber contained in root vegetables. Heating affects the structures and interactions of the plant-based proteins and other ingredients.

Precise weight tuning in quantum dot-based resistive-switching memory for neuromorphic systems.

In this study, nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching and synaptic emulation behaviors are performed in an InGaP quantum dots (QDs)/HfO-based memristor device. First, the physical and chemical properties of InGaP QDs are investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and spectrophotometric analysis. Through comparative experiments, it is proven that the HfO layer improves the variations in resistive switching characteristics.