Galectin-9 inhibition of the MIF-CD74/CD44 pathway suppresses chronic arthritis.

The destructive potential of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lies in the aggressive behavior of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), which actively contribute to the erosion of cartilage and bone and may persist even in the face of apparent clinical remission. Therapeutic approaches targeting RA-FLSs have been developed to treat RA; however, there are no clinically approved drugs available at present. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing of RA-FLSs identified a distinct macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) subset with mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction.

Quantification of Total and Unbound Selinexor Concentrations in Human Plasma by a Fully Validated Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method.

Selinexor is a selective nuclear-export inhibitor approved for hematologic malignancies, characterized by extensive plasma protein binding (>95%). However, a validated analytical method to accurately measure the clinically relevant unbound fraction of selinexor in human plasma has not yet been established. This study aimed to develop a fully validated bioanalytical assay for simultaneous quantification of total and unbound selinexor concentrations in human plasma.

Adverse event reports of seizure for insomnia medication from 1967 to 2023.

Insomnia may negatively impact seizure control; however, the corresponding evidence remains limited. This study analyzed the seizure risk associated with various insomnia medications using a comprehensive pharmacovigilance database and identified safe options for patients at high risk of seizures. VigiBase, a database of adverse drug reaction reports from over 140 countries, comprises 35 million reports published from 1967 to 2023.

A putative glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase is required for virulence, membrane-associated mechanisms, and tolerance to external stresses in .

Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (GptT) is crucial for bacterial cell wall/membrane functions. However, its roles in (), the causative agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) in watermelon, remain poorly understood. In this study, the roles of GptT in (GptTAc) were elucidated through proteomic and phenotypic analyses using a mutant lacking GptTAc.

Deciphering Functions of a Putative Histidinol Dehydrogenase in Acidovorax citrulli by Phenotypic and Proteomic Analyses.

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium causing bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) on cucurbit crops, specifically in the watermelon industry. However, cultivars of watermelon that are resistant to Ac have not been identified. Therefore, virulence factors/mechanisms in Ac must be characterized to develop alternative control strategies.

State-of-the-Art Evidence for Clinical Outcomes and Therapeutic Implications of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Review.

: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by relapsing inflammation and incomplete response to conventional therapies. Although biologics have advanced UC management, many patients with moderate-to-severe disease experience treatment failure, relapse, or adverse effects. This review evaluates the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors-tofacitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib-to guide their clinical use in UC.

A wearable ankle-assisted robot for improving gait function and pattern in stroke patients.

Background: Hemiplegic gait after a stroke can result in a decreased gait speed and asymmetrical gait pattern. Normal gait patterns and speed are typically the ultimate goals of gait function in stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the Gait Enhancing and Motivating System-Ankle (GEMS-A) on gait function and pattern in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Resting-state hemodynamic changes and effects on upper limb function after multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and anterior intraparietal sulcus in stroke patients: an fNIRS pilot study.

Background: Stroke results in substantial long-term disability, necessitating effective recovery interventions. This study explored the effects of multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hemodynamic responses and upper limb motor function in stroke patients, targeting the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS).

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted with 24 stroke patients (18 men; mean age, 57.

Effects of Dietary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inclusion on Acute Temperature Stress Responses in Juvenile Olive Flounder ().

This study investigated the potential of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inclusion to mitigate acute temperature stress impacting the physiological resilience of juvenile olive flounder (). A total of 360 juvenile fish, with an average initial weight of 12.97 ± 0.

Robot-assisted exercise improves gait and physical function in older adults: a usability study.

Background: With increasing age, individuals are more likely to experience physical disabilities, functional declines, and mobility limitations. Wearable robots or exoskeletons are relatively new technologies that can help address these issues, reduce healthcare costs, and support home healthcare, decreasing the burden of chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of Bot Fit after task-specific physical activities and functional gait training, as well as to examine the effects of a wearable hip exoskeleton, Bot Fit, on gait, physical function, and muscle strength in older adults living in residential care facilities.

A sustainable framework for advancing circular practices for polyethylene terephthalate textiles: optimized recycling of depolymerization byproducts and LCA validation.

This study demonstrates a novel circular approach for discarded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles with life cycle assessment (LCA) validation, proposing an optimized recycling method for PET depolymerization byproducts. The experimental approach emphasizes sourcing the metal-organic framework ingredients including metal and linker components from a single PET depolymerization reaction. For depolymerization, a metal salt-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of -toluene sulfonic acid and iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate was employed acting as both solvent and catalyst.

Gintonin-Enriched Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells by Causing Cell Cycle Arrest and Activating Caspases.

Gintonin, a non-saponin glycolipoprotein from , acts as a lysophosphatidic acid ligand. However, its anticancer effects, especially in melanoma, remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-proliferative effects and intracellular signaling mechanisms of a gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) from in human melanoma cell lines.

Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model.

: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. : We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea.

Optimizing washing conditions for smart fabrics: a comprehensive study.

This study aimed to determine optimal washing and drying methods for maintaining the functionality of silver-coated conductive knitted fabrics, commonly used in wearable smart products. By investigating changes in the physical, chemical, and electrical properties of these fabrics under various care conditions, we sought to provide recommendations for their proper maintenance. Results showed that mechanical friction during washing, combined with the chemical effect of detergent and the effects of machine drying, led to peeling and oxidation of the silver layer, resulting in changes to the fabric's appearance, color and increased surface resistance.

A wearable hip exoskeleton for anaerobic exercise in healthy adults.

Guidelines encouraging social distancing, limited outings, and remote work due to COVID-19 have increased sedentary periods and reduced levels of physical activity. These habits increase the risk of metabolic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. The World Health Organization recommends muscle-strengthening exercises as well as regular physical activity to promote overall health.

Safety Assessment of Camelid-Derived Single-Domain Antibody as Feed Additive for Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp () Against White Spot Syndrome Virus.

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the safety of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from camelids against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (WSSVvp28 was used as the antigen), focusing on the whole-organism responses and molecular-level changes in juvenile whiteleg shrimp (). Five experimental diets with varying levels of sdAbs were formulated: CON (no sdAb supplementation); SDA (8.20% of sdAbs); SDA (16.

Exploring bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: assessing incidence by indications and risk factors in the entire nationwide cohort.

Background: Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are essential for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, but bleeding, a major complication, can have a fatal impact on the patient's treatment.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the nationwide, real-world incidence rate of bleeding in patients taking OACs and confirm the incidence by indications and risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study identified OAC users from April 1 to December 31, in both 2019 and 2020, using the HIRA-NPS database.

Effect of Intra-articular Atelocollagen Injections for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and exhausting condition often requiring long-term management. While there is a steady growth in the use of collagen-based treatment for OA, there is a lack of studies assessing the safety and efficacy of repeated administration of injectable atelocollagen for OA. Objective This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of repeated administration of injectable atelocollagen in reducing knee pain for patients with knee OA.

Use of cortical hemodynamic responses in digital therapeutics for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke.

Background: Stroke causes long-term disabilities, highlighting the need for innovative rehabilitation strategies for reducing residual impairments. This study explored the potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for monitoring cortical activation during rehabilitation using digital therapeutics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 18 patients with chronic stroke, of whom 13 were men.

Improvement of volatile aromatic compound levels and sensory quality of distilled derived from and co-fermentation.

Distilled , a Korean traditional alcoholic beverage, is produced by fermenting rice with a variety of microorganisms including molds, yeasts, and lactic acid-producing bacteria, followed by distillation. Our study sought to improve the quality of distilled through co-fermentation with and , known for producing volatile aromatic compounds during the early stages of fermentation. Analysis of volatile aromatic compounds in co-fermented distilled revealed a substantial increase in compounds with boiling points below 200 °C.